59-440: Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib , officially Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib , is a gurdwara established by the fifth guru , Guru Arjan Dev , in the city of Tarn Taran Sahib , Punjab , India. The site has the distinction of having the largest sarovar (water pond) of all the gurdwaras. It is famous for the monthly gathering of pilgrims on the day of Amavas (a no-moon night). It is near Harmandir Sahib , Amritsar . Guru Arjan Dev Ji,
118-537: A Darbar Sahib where the Guru Granth Sahib is placed on a takht (an elevated throne) in a prominent central position. Any congregant (sometimes with specialized training, in which case they are known by the term granthi ) may recite, sing, and explain the verses from the Guru Granth Sahib , in the presence of the rest of the congregation. All gurdwaras have a langar hall, where people can eat free lacto-vegetarian food served by volunteers at
177-524: A minar (tower) at the end of the sarovar (lake or pool). Only one was completed, which can be seen while walking to Darbar Sahib. Three others were planned on each end of the sarovar, but were not constructed due to the death of Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh. Additionally, both the First (1845–1846) and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars (1848–1849) against the British prevented further progress. In 1877, Bhai Harsa Singh,
236-613: A Mughal force sent against them at Sarai Nurdin near Tarn Taran Sahib. Shaheed Baba Deep Singh (1682–1757) made a mark on the ground at Tarn Taran Sahib, and he asked the Sikhs if they were ready to die fighting against the enemies before entering into war against the Afghan invaders in 1757. Tarn Taran Sahib was part of the Bhangi Misl one of the many Sikh Confederacies, which ruled over a greater part of Majha Region from being active in
295-538: A Sikh to visit gurdwara. On joining the holy congregation, Sikhs should take part and obtain the benefit from the combined study of the holy scriptures. No one is to be barred from entering a gurdwara regardless of their religious or regional background and are welcomed in. Seva is an important and prominent part of the Sikh religion. Dasvand forms a central part of Sikh belief (of Vand Chhako ) and literally means donating ten percent of one's harvest, both financial and in
354-544: A big complex. In all four corners of Darbar Sahib, the Holy Tank (Sarovar) was cleaned by Sikhs. In the early 1980s, a big hall was built to replace many Old Sikh period buildings. In 2005 the whole of Darbar Sahib was renovated. It was plated in new gold, and inside the Darbar Sahib new work was done. New marble was inlaid; a big complex was built; and more buildings were added around the complex. An incident involving
413-485: A body of water for public bathing due to the importance placed upon isnan (customary bathing in the morning ) in Sikhism. Wherever natural sources of water were not readily available, a baoli (step-well), bucket well, or rahat ( Persian wheel ) would be implemented and installed in the courtyard of the structure or near a pool of water. The dharamsals incorporated a langar (communal kitchen) and lodge, especially
472-463: A day. Some gurdwaras also provide temporary accommodations ( serais ) for visitors or devotees. The gurdwara also serves as a community centre and a guest house for travellers, occasionally a clinic, and a base for local charitable activities. Apart from morning and evening services, the gurdwaras hold special congregations to mark important anniversaries on the Sikh calendar. They become scenes of much éclat and festivity during celebrations in honour of
531-876: A deity and its murti (idol), followed by the distribution of said food as prasad . The concept of seva and karma yoga is explained in the Bhagavad Gita , where Krishna expounds on the subject. In modern times, the concept has been taken to volunteering for the greater good, such as in disaster relief and other major incidents. Seva in Sikhism takes three forms: tan (Gurmukhi: ਤਨ ), meaning physical service, i.e. manual labour, man (Gurmukhi: ਮਨ ), meaning mental service, such as studying to help others, and dhan (Gurmukhi: ਧਨ ), meaning material service, including financial support. Sikhism stresses kirat karō (Gurmukhi: ਕਿਰਤ ਕਰੋ ), "honest work", and vaṇḍ chakkō (Gurmukhi: ਵੰਡ ਛਕੋ ), "split up", sharing what you have by giving to
590-571: A granthi of Darbar Sahib, Tarn Taran, was the first teacher, of the Singh Sabha movement, which came into existence in 1873, to bring reformation among Sikh masses and certain practices that had entered Sikhs and restore it to its former glory. To remove Hindu Rituals which had entered Sikh way of life since Maharaja Ranjit Singh time, such as pilgrimage to Haridwar and Bedian de phere (Hindu ceremonial wedding according to Vedas). Although some practices related to Hindu culture still continued well into
649-627: A gurdwara. Gurdwaras around the world may also serve the Sikh community in other ways, including acting as libraries of Sikh literature and schools to teach children Gurmukhi, housing the Sikh scriptures , and organizing charitable work in the wider community on behalf of Sikhs. Many historical gurdwaras associated with the lives of the Sikh Gurus have a sarovar (eco-friendly pool) attached for bathing. Gurdwaras have no idols or statues. Many gurdwaras are designed to seat men on one side and women on
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#1732801410578708-532: A haphazard and destructive renovation under the guise of " kar seva " led to the top section of the historical Darshani Deori (gateway) at the Gurdwara Tarn Taran Sahib complex being destroyed in March 2019. This sparked criticism of the lack of care for preserving the historical structure from Sikh organizations. The Kar Seva leader responsible for the demolish, Jagtar Singh, was evicted from
767-697: A healthy communal life, and a Sikh must undertake to support all worthy projects which would benefit the larger community and promote Sikh principles. Importance is given to Inter-faith dialogue , support for the poor and weak; better community understanding and co-operation. Many gurdwaras also have other facilities for Sikhs to learn more about their religion, such as libraries, complexes for courses in Gurmukhi, Sikhism and Sikh scriptures, meeting rooms, and room-and-board accommodation for those who need it. Gurdwaras are open to all people, regardless of sex, age, sexuality or religion, and are generally open all hours of
826-409: A higher plinth, have entrances on all four sides, and have square or octagonal domed sanctums usually in the middle. During recent decades, to meet the requirements of larger gatherings, bigger and better ventilated assembly halls, with the sanctum at one end, have become accepted style. The location of the sanctum, more often than not, is such as to allow space for circumambulation. Sometimes, to augment
885-590: A place of worship. The most important centres including those of the jogis visited by the Guru became spiritual centres. Even houses have been turned into dharamsalas where kirtan was sung on the eve of Vaisakhi.” Guru Nanak set-up an important dharamsal in the new-found Kartarpur after settling there. Other important dharamsals were located in Khadur , Goindwal , Ramdaspur , Tarn Taran , Kartarpur (Doaba) and Sri Hargobindpur , all of whom had been directly founded upon
944-527: A school where one could learn Gurmukhi , Sikh music , and interpretation of Sikh scriptures . As the Sikh population continued to grow, Guru Hargobind , the sixth Sikh guru, introduced the word "gurdwara". Gurdwaras evolved out of the earlier Dharamsal centres. The etymology of the term gurdwara is from the words gur ( ਗੁਰ ) (a reference to the Sikh gurus) and dwara ( ਦੁਆਰਾ ) (gateway in Punjabi ), together meaning 'the gateway through which
1003-464: Is also connected to other Sanskrit concepts such as dāna (gift giving), karunā (compassion), and preman (kindness). Seva is also performed as a form of ego -transcending spiritual practise known as Sādhanā , and plays a large role in modern Hinduism. A key concept in Hinduism is liberation ( Moksha ) from the cycle of births and deaths ( Saṃsāra ), and sādhanā
1062-463: Is another Punjabi word for a volunteer who performs seva . The idea of selfless service ( seva ) is an important concept in several religions because God is perceived as having an interest in the well-being of others; serving other people is considered an essential devotional practise of indirectly serving God and living a religious life that is a benefit to others. People of every religion are included in this service. In Hinduism, seva
1121-474: Is important for the proper moral and spiritual development of a Sikh. One must study Gurmukhi script and be able to read Gurbani to understand the meaning of the text. A Sikh has to revert to the Granth Sahib for the all spiritual guidance in one's life. It is believed that a Sikh is more easily and deeply engrossed by Gurbani when engaged in congregation gatherings. For this reason, it is necessary for
1180-744: Is one of the main teachings of Sikhism —including its ordained philosophy , in Sikh scripture , theology , and hermeneutics . A tradition set forth with the clear understanding that there is God within all of us, and thus by serving humanity you are serving God's creation. Seva is believed to be a way to control inner vices and is a key process in becoming closer to God. Some Kar Seva groups and organizations have been criticized for their lack of care for and apathy towards preserving historical Sikh heritage sites, artwork , and architecture during renovation and construction projects. Large amounts of historical Sikh scriptural manuscripts have been systematically "cremated" (burnt to destruction) over
1239-725: Is the concept of service to God and/or humanity, without the expectation of return. According to Hindu scriptures, seva is seen as the highest form of dharma (righteousness). Seva has been said to provide good karma which facilitates the atma (soul) to obtain moksha (emancipation from the cycle of death and rebirth). Before the early nineteenth century, the meaning of seva (serving or honouring) had been virtually synonymous with that of puja (worship), which typically also included distribution of prasad (sacrificial offerings or consecrated food), such as food, fruits, and sweets to all gathered. Thus, seva typically involved offering of food to
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#17328014105781298-472: Is the effort one makes to strive for liberation; this highlights the importance of service to others. In Sikhism , the word seva also means "to worship, to adore, to pay homage through the act of love." In the writings of Sikh gurus , these two meanings of seva (service and worship) have been merged. Seva is expected to be a labour of love performed without desire and intention, and with humility. Kar seva ( Gurmukhi : ਕਰ ਸੇਵਾ ), from
1357-694: The langar room, food is cooked and served by the volunteers in the community. Only lacto-vegetarian food is served in the langar hall, to suit the visitors from different backgrounds so that no person may be offended. All people belonging to different faiths sit together to share a common meal, regardless of any dietary restrictions. The main philosophy behind the langar is two-fold: to provide training to engage in seva and an opportunity to serve people from all walks of life, and to help banish all distinctions between high and low or rich and poor. Gurdwara buildings do not have to conform to any set architectural design. The only established requirements are:
1416-525: The Guru Granth Sahib . The holy scripture focuses on the state of mind when practicing Seva, the spiritual benefits of doing Seva, and how one should perform it. Seva comes from the Sanskrit root sev- , "to serve", and is a central concept in both contemporary Hinduism and Sikhism. In Hinduism , seva means selfless service and is often associated with karma yoga , disciplined action, and bhakti yoga , disciplined devotion. Seva
1475-636: The Harmandir Sahib at Amritsar and Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi . Artisans were called in by the Maharaja of Panjab Kingdom to decorate the inside of Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran. Sher-e-Panjab built many massive gate entrances in Tarn Taran in which elephants could easily go through. When Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh (1821–1840) the grandson of Sher-e-Panjab, came to Tarn Taran, he built
1534-456: The Malwa region of Punjab and in northeastern India . Dharamsals were also established on trade routes utilized by Sikh Khatri merchants, especially upon the routes between Chitagong -to- Kabul plus Agra -to- Burhampur . The dharamsals were simple constructions and modest buildings, usually just consisting of a single humble room to house the local devotees of a locality for prayers. This
1593-635: The Sanskrit words kar , meaning hands or work, and seva , meaning service, another concept of Sikhism, is often translated as "voluntary labour". A volunteer for kar seva is called a kar sevak (voluntary labourer)—someone who freely offers their services to a religious cause. Sikhs use the term kar sevak to represent people who engage in ministrations, altruistic philanthropy, and humanitarian endeavours in service to religion and society. Sevadar ( Punjabi : ਸੇਵਾਦਾਰ ; also transcribed as sewadar ), literally " seva -supporter",
1652-483: The Sikh Rehat Maryada (the Sikh code of conduct and convention), and the provision of daily services: Other ceremonies performed there include the Sikh marriage ceremony, Anand Karaj ; some of the rites of the death ceremony, Antam Sanskar ; and most of the important Sikh Festivals . The Nagar Kirtan , a Sikh processional singing of holy hymns throughout a community, begin and conclude at
1711-504: The 1750s to de facto power in the 1760s to 1802. In 1768 Sardar Budh Singh Virk of Singhpuria Misl who was a descendant of Jatt Chaudhri Duleep Singh Virk and a relative of Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697–1753) the great heroic Sikh warrior and leader of the Sikhs in their fight against Mughal tyranny. Maharaja Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1803) of Ramgarhia Misl joined hands to rebuild the Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran. Which then
1770-644: The Fifth Sikh Guru, bought the land around Tarn Taran for 157,000 mohar. Jatt Chaudhri (Chief) of Thathi Khara Village Amrik Dhillon did prayer before the asked guru sahib to stay at Thathi Khara while the Kaar Seva was ongoing, in the year Sambat 1647 (1590) in the Land of Majha Region the traditional home of the Sikh Faith. At that time, the digging of the lake tank started. When the tank was completed, it
1829-628: The Lotus Dome of Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, but soon after it was rebuilt. The Sikhs of Punjab fought and sacrificed to gain independence from the British rulers. In 1921 greedy priests divided the income of the Gurdwara among themselves. It was in 1921 that the Sikhs decided to free Tarn Taran Sahib. Seventeen Sikhs got injured at Tarn Taran. Two Sikhs attained martyrdom – Sardar Hazara Singh of Village Aladinpur District Amritsar and Sardar Hukam Singh of Village Wasoo Kot District Gurdaspur. They were
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1888-465: The Sikh community. They are result of the historical growth of the religion of Sikhism and represent the centers of power of the religion. A gurdwara has a main hall called a darbar , a community kitchen called a langar , and other facilities. The essential features of a gurdwara are these public spaces, the presence of the holy book and eternal Sikh guru the Granth Sahib , the pursuit of
1947-720: The Vaisnava Panth is: 'In the name of Rama and Krisna'. The salutation of the Sanyasi Panth is: 'In the name of Narayan I bow before you'. The Yogi's salutation is: 'Hail to the primal One'. The Muslims' cry is: 'In the name of the One God peace be with you'. You are Nanak and your Panth will flourish. Your followers shall be called Nanak-panthis and their salutation will be: 'In the name of the true Guru I fall at your feet'. I shall bless your Panth. Inculcate devotion towards Me and strengthen men's obedience to their dharma. As
2006-594: The Vaisnavas have their temple, the yogis their asan, and the Muslims their mosque, so your followers shall have their dharamsala. Three things you must inculcate in your Panth: repeating the divine Name, giving charity, and regular bathing. Keep yourself unspotted while yet remaining a householder. The above statement separates the institution of Sikh dharamsals from those of other faiths, ordaining it as an independent institution based upon Sikhism alone. The first centre
2065-566: The birth and death ( Joythi Joyth Samaey ) anniversaries of the Gurus and Vaisakhi . Kar seva Traditional Sevā (also transcribed as sewa ) is the concept of selfless service that is performed without any expectation of reward for performing it. It is predominant in Hinduism and Sikhism . Such services can be performed to benefit other human beings or society. Sevā means "service". A more recent interpretation of
2124-458: The distant reaches of the subcontinent far from the nucleus of Sikh centrality and rejuvenate the abandoned, dilapidated, or struggling dharamsals which had been founded by Guru Nanak and his followers in faraway places, which struggled due to their extreme distance from the central Sikh authority located mainly in Punjab. Guru Tegh Bahadur founded new dharamsal centres during his missionary tours of
2183-617: The early 20th century, a number of Sikh gurdwaras in British India were under the control of the Udasi mahants (clergymen). The Gurdwara Reform Movement of the 1920s resulted in Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee taking control of these gurdwaras. The Panj Takht which literally means five seats or thrones of authority, are five gurdwaras which have a very special significance for
2242-517: The early 20th century. In 1883, Raja Raghubir Singh Sidhu (1832–1887), the Sikh Raja of Jind Princely State, had a channel dug, from the sarovar, to bring in new water, to keep the tank beautified. The channel was later paved by Sant Gurmukh Singh (1849–1947), of Patiala from 1927 to 1928. During 1923–28, the Sarovar at Tarn Taran was desilted and lined. Sardar Arur Singh Shergill (1865–1926), who
2301-557: The first martyrs of the Gurdwara reform movement. On arrival of more squads on 26 January, the priests handed over the management of the Gurdwara to the Prabhandak Committee. This martyrdom was known as Saka Tarn Taran. Since the partition of 1947, more work (kar Seva) has been done on Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran. The first work was in 1970, when the Old Bungas Towers of Sikh chieftains were demolished to construct
2360-445: The form of time and service such as seva to the gurdwara and anywhere where help is needed. All Sikhs therefore get involved in this communal service whenever an opportunity arises. This in its simple forms can be: sweeping and washing the floors of the gurdwara, serving water and food ( Langar ) to or fanning the congregation, offering provisions or preparing food and doing other 'house keeping' duties. Sikhism offers strong support for
2419-431: The gurdwara and stayed for some time where Gurdwara Manji Sahib is built. Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, also visited Tarn Taran Sahib via Baba Bakala Sahib, Sathiala, Wazir Bhullar, Goindwal Sahib and Khadur Sahib and preached to the Sikh sangat (congregations). Baba Bota Singh Sandhu of Padhana and Baba Garja Singh Jee would stay at Tarn Taran during day time. Both Singh warriors attained martyrdom in 1739 against
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2478-525: The gurdwara. They may also have a medical facility room, library, nursery, classroom, meeting rooms, playground, sports ground, a gift shop, and finally a repair shop. A gurdwara can be identified from a distance by tall flagpoles bearing the Nishan Sahib , the Sikh flag. The best-known gurdwaras are in the Darbar Sahib complex in Amritsar , Punjab , including Golden Temple (Sri Harmandir Sahib),
2537-404: The guru could be reached'. Thereafter, all Sikh places of worship came to be known as gurdwaras. The use of ' sahib ', as sometimes appended in the term Gurdwara Sahib , derives from a loanword of Arabic origin, meaning "companion" or "friend". Kanwarjit Singh Kang classifies gurdwaras into two distinct categories: Some of the prominent Sikh shrines established by the Sikh gurus are: By
2596-401: The guru give spiritual discourse and sing religious hymns in the praise of Waheguru . Guru Nanak would arrange early Sikh followers into various sangat congregations or parishes and instructed them to erect a dharamsal dedicated to spreading their Guru's message and teachings in their local area. Bhai Gurdas states the following: “Wherever Guru Nanak visited, that place became
2655-543: The installation of the Granth Sahib under a canopy or in a canopied seat, usually on a platform higher than the specific floor on which the devotees sit, and a tall Sikh pennant flag atop the building. In the 21st century, more and more gurdwaras (especially within India) have been following the Harimandir Sahib pattern, a synthesis of Indo-Islamic and Sikh architecture . Most of them have square halls, stand on
2714-626: The instruction of a Sikh guru. When the Manji system and the later Masand systems of preachers and dioceses was set-up, they were directed to found a dharamsal in their dedicated area of missionary work. Passionate early Sikhs would found dharamsals at various places across the Indian subcontinent and in Afghanistan as a means of expressing their devotion to the faith. Udasis were commanded by Guru Hargobind and his successors to found dharamsals in
2773-472: The needy for the benefit of the community. It is a duty of every Sikh to engage in seva wherever possible, such as volunteering at a Gurdwara , community center , senior living centers, care centers, sites of major world disasters, etc. Seva can also be performed by offering service for a religious cause, such as constructing a gurdwara, a place of worship that performs community services such as providing volunteer-run food kitchens . Kar seva
2832-445: The ones on important highways and trade routes, where persons could eat and stay without discriminated based upon their religious or caste-background. This facilitated the fast spread of Sikhism throughout the Punjab. Some dharamsals contained a hospital ward where the sick and injured could receive treatment. Other dharamsals incorporated carpentry workshops to construct beds and other needed furniture. The dharamsals often contained
2891-503: The other, although designs vary, and the divided seating is far from mandatory. They do not generally sit together but on separate sides of the room, both at an equal distance from the Guru Granth Sahib, as a sign of equality. Worshippers are offered Karah Parshad (sweet flour and ghee -based food offered as prashad ) in the hall, which is usually given into cupped hands by a sewadar (gurdwara volunteer). In
2950-594: The premises as a result from the outcry of Sikhs at the destruction of their heritage. Gurdwara A gurdwara or gurudwara ( Punjabi : ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ , romanized: gurdu'ārā , lit. 'Door of the Guru ') is a place of assembly and worship in Sikhism , but its normal meaning is "place of guru" or "Home of guru". Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as Gurdwara Sahib . People from all faiths and religions are welcomed in gurdwaras. Each gurdwara has
3009-415: The space, verandahs are built to skirt the hall. A popular model for the dome is the ribbed lotus, topped by an ornamental pinnacle. Arched copings, kiosks and solid domelets are used for exterior decorations. It is the duty of all Sikhs to engage in personal and communal meditation, kirtan and the study of the holy scriptures. Meditating and understanding the meaning of texts from the Granth Sahib
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#17328014105783068-432: The spiritual center of the Sikhs and Akal Takht , the political center of the Sikhs. Sikhs believe that Guru Nanak was ordained directly by God to construct dharamsals (places of worship; meaning ‘abode of righteousness’), as per the B.40 Janamsakhi : Go, Nanak [answered God]. Your Panth will flourish. The salutation of your followers shall be: 'In the name of the true Guru I fall at your feet'. The salutation of
3127-494: The word is "dedication to others". In Hinduism, it is also known as karma yoga , as described in the Bhagavata Gita . In Sikhism S eva is an act of service to Waheguru (Supreme God), to whom Sikhs call as Waheguru and that it is a way to become closer to Waheguru .The principles of Seva underpin many Sikh values - such is the importance given to Seva in Sikhism. The Guru emphasizes this concept numerous times in
3186-492: The years at secretive ‘Angitha Sahib’ gurdwaras in Dehradun and around India as part of kar seva . The logic behind these crematoriums is the Sikh philosophy handed down by the tenth Guru Gobind Singh that Guru Granth Sahib is the living embodiment of a Guru , and so Sikh funeral rites are carried out. This practice is criticized for systematically destroying historical manuscripts. Hindu scripture presents seva as
3245-596: Was built in Kartarpur , on the banks of Ravi River in the Punjab region by the first Sikh guru, Guru Nanak Dev in the year 1521. It now lies in the Narowal District of west Punjab (Pakistan). During the time of Guru Nanak, Sikh places of worship were known as dharamsals where kirtan was conducted by the early Sikh congregation. The worship centres were built as a place where Sikhs could gather to hear
3304-522: Was descended from the lineage of Chaudhri Sarvani Shergill who had held chaudhriyat of hundreds of villages north of Amritsar during the 1600s and Chaudhri Chuhar Singh of Nashera Nangal near Amritsar, his son Sardar Mirza Singh Shergill who had joined the Kanhaiya Misl in 1752. Arur Singh was made the manager of Tarn Taran Sahib Gurdwara from 1907 to 1920, by the British, to keep the Sikh shrine out of direct Sikh Control. In 1905 an earthquake damaged
3363-575: Was especially true in the rural areas, villages, and small towns where most of the local Sikh congregations consisted of simple peasants with little means of wealth. They were not built upon a specific axis because Sikhs believe God is omnipresent and the entire Earth is divine and equally fitting as such. The Adi Granth was installed at dharamsals after its codification and introduction in 1604. The dharamsals likely did not contain intricate and ornate furniture, fittings, and other decorative accessories, unlike modern-day gurdwaras. Dharamsals incorporated
3422-478: Was in a shape of a traditional mud building. Later Maharaja Ranjit Singh Sher-e-Panjab (1799–1839), who visited Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran from 1802 to 1837, reconstructed the present Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran in 1836–1837 and also completed the work of the Parikarma which had been left unfinished by the two Sardars Singhpuria Misl and Ramgarhia Misl. Sher-e-Panjab gold-plated the Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, as he did with
3481-532: Was the biggest and largest sarovar lake in the whole of Panjab. The foundation stone of Darbar Sahib was laid by Dhan Dhan Baba Buddha Ji, a famous Sikh saint (1506–1631). During the time of Guru Arjan Dev Jee a vast number of Sakhi Sarwar (Sultanis) followers became Sikhs mainly the Jatt Zamindars and Chaudhries of this area including Chaudhri Langah Dhillon of Chabal Kalan who held chaudhriyat of 84 villages. The Sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind Sahib, came to
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