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39-408: [REDACTED] Louis Gurlitt , 1833 [REDACTED] Art historian Cornelius Gurlitt, in 1905 [REDACTED] Lovis Corinth : Wolfgang Gurlitt , 1917 Gurlitt is a German family. Notable people with the surname include: Johann August Wilhelm Gurlitt (1774–1855), fabricant. Son of Gottlieb Wilhelm Gurlitt and Katharina Ester Gurlitt. His wife

78-535: A consistent appearance with some individuality, although it is sometimes disputed that these count as portraits. Some of the earliest surviving painted portraits of people who were not rulers are the Greco-Roman funeral portraits that survived in the dry climate of Egypt's Faiyum district. These are almost the only paintings from the classical world that have survived, apart from frescos , though many sculptures and portraits on coins have fared better. Although

117-669: A letter to his secretary that it was Corinth's "punishment for such a wretched portrait of myself". From 1915–25, he served as President of the Berlin Secession. In 1920 an anthology of his art-historical writings was published in Berlin. In 1922 his works were exhibited in the Venice Biennale. On 15 March 1921 Corinth received an honorary doctorate from the University of Königsberg . In 1925, he traveled to

156-407: A one-man exhibition at a gallery owned by Paul Cassirer . In 1902 at the age of 43, he opened a school of painting for women and married his first student, Charlotte Berend , some 20 years his junior. Charlotte was his youthful muse , his spiritual partner, and the mother of his two children. She had a profound influence on him, and family life became a major theme in his art. Another of his students

195-721: A restitution claim for Covinth's Tyrolean Woman with Ca t” (“Tirolerin mit Katze”) after the painting appeared at the Im Kinsky auction house in Vienna on sale from an anonymous owner. The Austrian auction house refused to say who bought the looted painting. The painting is listed on the German Lost Art Foundation Lostart Database and on the Monuments Men Foundation's "Most Wanted List" of stolen art. In June 2021,

234-563: A stroke in 1911 his style loosened and took on many expressionistic qualities. His use of color became more vibrant, and he created portraits and landscapes of extraordinary vitality and power. Corinth's subject matter also included nudes and biblical scenes. Corinth was born Franz Heinrich Louis on 21 July 1858 in Tapiau , in the Province of Prussia in the Kingdom of Prussia . The son of

273-522: A tanner, he displayed a talent for drawing as a child. In 1876 he went to study painting in the academy of Königsberg . Initially intending to become a history painter , he was dissuaded from this course by his chief instructor at the academy, the genre painter Otto Günther. In 1880 he traveled to Munich , which rivaled Paris as the avant-garde art center in Europe at the time. There he studied briefly with Franz von Defregger before gaining admission to

312-484: Is a discreet assembly of facts, anecdotes, and author's insights. Plutarch 's Parallel Lives , written in the 2nd century AD, offer a prime example of historical literary portraits, as a source of information about the individuals and their times. Painted portraits can also play a role in literature. These can be fictional portraits, such as that of Dorian Gray in the eponymous 1891 novel by Oscar Wilde . But sometimes also real portraits feature in literature. An example

351-514: Is particular emphasis on the representation of the details of headdresses, hairstyles, body adornment and face painting. One of the best-known portraits in the Western world is Leonardo da Vinci 's painting titled Mona Lisa , which is a painting of Lisa del Giocondo . What has been claimed as the world's oldest known portrait was found in 2006 in the Vilhonneur grotto near Angoulême and

390-505: Is the portraying of presidents of the United States , a tradition that has existed since the country's founding. Portrait photography is a popular commercial industry all over the world. Many people enjoy having professionally made family portraits to hang in their homes, or special portraits to commemorate certain events, such as graduations or weddings. Since the dawn of photography, people have made portraits. The popularity of

429-514: Is thought to be 27,000 years old. When the artist creates a portrait of himself or herself, it is called a “self-portrait.” Identifiable examples become numerous in the late Middle Ages. But if the definition is extended, the first was by the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten 's sculptor Bak, who carved a representation of himself and his wife Taheri c.  1365 BC . However, it seems likely that self-portraits go back to

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468-694: The Academy of Fine Arts Munich , where he studied under Ludwig von Löfftz . The realism of Corinth's early works was encouraged by Löfftz's teaching, which emphasized careful observation of colors and values. Other important influences were Courbet and the Barbizon school , through their interpretation by the Munich artists Wilhelm Leibl and Wilhelm Trübner . Except for an interruption for military service in 1882–83, Corinth studied with Löfftz until 1884. He then traveled to Antwerp , where he greatly admired

507-633: The Degenerate Art Exhibition . In 2007, the German city of Hanover returned a painting by Corinth to the heirs of Jewish collector Curt Glaser , who sold it in 1933 to fund his escape from the Nazis. The painting from 1914, Römische Campagna  [ de ] (Roman Landscape) , was handed to Glaser's heirs, represented by his U.S.-based niece and her daughter. In 2015 heirs of Holocaust victims Thea and Fritz Goldschmidt made

546-775: The Gurlitt Collection . Cornelius Gurlitt (art collector) (1932–2014) – inheritor of the Gurlitt Collection from Hildebrand Gurlitt, his father. Fritz Gurlitt (1854–1893) – art collector. Wolfgang Gurlitt (1888–1965) – art dealer and collector, publisher. Son of Fritz and Annarella Gurlitt (sculptor Heinrich Max Imhof 's daughter). Manfred Gurlitt (1890–1972) – opera composer and conductor, long active in Japan. Son of Annarella and either Fritz or her second husband Willi Waldecker. Ludwig Gurlitt (1855–1931) – progressive pedagogue, patron of

585-581: The Netherlands to view the works of his favorite Dutch masters . He caught pneumonia and died in Zandvoort . He was buried at Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery near Berlin. Corinth explored every print technique except aquatint ; he favored drypoint and lithography . He created his first etching in 1891 and his first lithograph in 1894. He experimented with the woodcut medium but made only 12 woodcuts, all of them between 1919 and 1924. He

624-586: The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels agreed to return Corinth's 1913 Blumenstilleben (Still Life with Flowers) to the heir of Gustav and Emma Mayer , who were persecuted by the Nazis and forced to flee because of their Jewish heritage. Landscapes and still lifes Figures and portraits Wife, family and self portraits History painting Portrait Plastered human skulls were reconstructed human skulls that were made in

663-505: The cave paintings , the earliest representational art, and literature records several classical examples that are now lost. Official portraits are photographs of important personalities, such as kings, politicians, or business executives. The portrait is usually decorated with official colors and symbols such as a flag , presidential stripes, or a coat of arms , belonging to a country, state, or municipality. The image may be used during events or meetings, or on products. A well-known example

702-430: The daguerreotype in the middle of the 19th century was due in large part to the demand for inexpensive portraiture. Studios sprang up in cities around the world, some cranking out more than 500 plates a day. The style of these early works reflected the technical challenges associated with 30-second exposure times and the painterly aesthetic of the time. Subjects were generally seated against plain backgrounds and lit with

741-498: The Walchensee series as his best work. He painted numerous self-portraits, and made a habit of painting one every year on his birthday as a means of self-examination. In many of his self-portraits he assumed guises such as an armored knight ( The Victor , 1910), or Samson ( The Blinded Samson , 1912). Not all of Corinth's works were appreciated in his lifetime: upon learning of his death, Danish critic Georg Brandes wrote in

780-653: The ancient Levant between 9000 and 6000 BC in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period. They represent some of the oldest forms of art in the Middle East and demonstrate that the prehistoric population took great care in burying their ancestors below their homes. The skulls denote some of the earliest sculptural examples of portraiture in the history of art . Most early representations that are clearly intended to show an individual are of rulers, and tend to follow idealizing artistic conventions, rather than

819-546: The appearance of the figures differs considerably, they are considerably idealized, and all show relatively young people, making it uncertain whether they were painted from life. The art of the portrait flourished in Ancient Greek and especially Roman sculpture , where sitters demanded individualized and realistic portraits, even unflattering ones. During the 4th century, the portrait began to retreat in favor of an idealized symbol of what that person looked like. (Compare

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858-562: The artist an intense interest in the simple, intimate things of daily life. In the summer of 1919, for example, he produced a cycle of casual etchings of his family in their country home. It was also at this time that landscapes became a significant part of his oeuvre. These landscapes were set at the Walchensee , a lake in the Bavarian Alps where Corinth owned a house. Their lively picturing, in bright colors, tempt many to consider

897-413: The back-to-nature youth organization Wandervogel . [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gurlitt family . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurlitt&oldid=1233280280 " Category : Gurlitt family Hidden category: Commons category link is locally defined Lovis Corinth Lovis Corinth (21 July 1858 – 17 July 1925)

936-452: The field.Some photographers took the technique to other countries. Augustus Washington moved to Monrovia, Liberia from Hartford, Connecticut and created daguerreotype portraits for many political leaders for the country. In politics , portraits of the leader are often used as a symbol of the state . In most countries, it is common protocol for a portrait of the head of state to appear in important government buildings. In literature

975-475: The individual features of the subject's body, though when there is no other evidence as to the ruler's appearance the degree of idealization can be hard to assess. Nonetheless, many subjects, such as Akhenaten and some other Egyptian pharaohs , can be recognised by their distinctive features. The 28 surviving rather small statues of Gudea , ruler of Lagash in Sumer between c.  2144 –2124 BC, show

1014-411: The media coverage of his murders, and the subsequent police investigation of his crimes. However, in literature a portrait of a character is a subtle combination of fact and fiction, exploring the individual psychology of the character in the wider context of their environment. When the subject of the narrative is a historical figure, then the writer is free to create a compelling and dramatic portrait of

1053-729: The name "Lovis Corinth". In 1891, Corinth returned to Munich, but in 1892 he abandoned the Munich Academy and joined the Munich Secession . In 1894 he joined the Free Association, and in 1899 he participated in an exhibition organized by the Berlin Secession . These nine years in Munich were not his most productive, and he was perhaps better known for his ability to drink large amounts of red wine and champagne. Corinth moved to Berlin in 1900, and had

1092-544: The painting Golgatha for the altar of the church of his birthplace, Tapiau. At the end of the Second World War , when the Red Army invaded East Prussia, this painting disappeared without trace. Tapiau was among the few East Prussian places not devastated by the war, which makes it likely that the painting was looted rather than destroyed. In 1926, a commemorative exhibition of Corinth's paintings and watercolors

1131-577: The paintings of Rubens , and then in October 1884 to Paris where he studied under William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Tony Robert-Fleury at the Académie Julian . He concentrated especially on improving his drawing skills, and made the female nude his frequent subject. He was disappointed, however, in his repeated failure to win a medal at the Salon , and returned to Königsberg in 1888 when he adopted

1170-458: The person that draws on imaginative invention for verisimilitude. An example is Hilary Mantel 's Wolf Hall (2009) which, while acknowledging the work of the historian Mary Robertson for background information, imagines an intimate portrait of Thomas Cromwell and his intense relationship with Henry VIII at a critical time in English history. It could be argued that in literature any portrait

1209-530: The portraits of Roman Emperors Constantine I and Theodosius I at their entries.) In the Europe of the Early Middle Ages representations of individuals are mostly generalized. True portraits of the outward appearance of individuals re-emerged in the late Middle Ages , in tomb monuments , donor portraits , miniatures in illuminated manuscripts and then panel paintings . Moche culture of Peru

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1248-446: The soft light of an overhead window and whatever else could be reflected with mirrors. As photographic techniques developed, an intrepid group of photographers took their talents out of the studio and onto battlefields, across oceans and into remote wilderness. William Shew 's Daguerreotype Saloon , Roger Fenton 's Photographic Van and Mathew Brady 's What-is-it? wagon set the standards for making portraits and other photographs in

1287-511: The term portrait refers to a written description or analysis of a person or thing. A written portrait often gives deep insight, and offers an analysis that goes far beyond the superficial. For example, the American author Patricia Cornwell wrote a best-selling 2002 book entitled Portrait of a Killer about the personality, background, and possible motivations of Jack the Ripper , as well as

1326-427: Was Doramaria Purschian . He published numerous essays on art history, and in 1908 published Das Erlernen der Malerei ("On Learning to Paint"). In December 1911, he suffered a stroke , and was partially paralyzed on his left side. Thereafter he walked with a limp, and his hands displayed a chronic tremor. With the help of his wife, within a year he was painting again with his right hand. His disability inspired in

1365-740: Was Helene Eberstein. They had 15 children. Cornelius Gurlitt (composer) (1820–1901) – composer, conductor. Louis Gurlitt (1812–1879) – Danish-German landscape painter. His uncle was the painter Eugen Krüger . His third wife was Elisabeth, née Lewalds ( Fanny Lewald 's sister). Her Jewish background caused problems for their issue during the Nazi era. He had 7 children. Wilhelm Gurlitt (1844–1905) - archaeologist. Cornelius Gurlitt (art historian) (1850–1938) – art historian. Wilibald Gurlitt (1889–1963) – musicologist. Cornelia Gurlitt (1890–1919) – expressionist painter. Hildebrand Gurlitt (1895–1956) – art dealer and historian, compiler of

1404-458: Was a German artist and writer whose mature work as a painter and printmaker realized a synthesis of impressionism and expressionism . Corinth studied in Paris and Munich , joined the Berlin Secession group, later succeeding Max Liebermann as the group's president. His early work was naturalistic in approach. Corinth was initially antagonistic towards the expressionist movement, but after

1443-529: Was one of the few ancient civilizations which produced portraits. These works accurately represent anatomical features in great detail. The individuals portrayed would have been recognizable without the need for other symbols or a written reference to their names. The individuals portrayed were members of the ruling elite, priests, warriors and even distinguished artisans. They were represented during several stages of their lives. The faces of gods were also depicted. To date, no portraits of women have been found. There

1482-802: Was presented at the Nationalgalerie in Berlin, and an exhibition of his prints and drawings was held at the Berlin Academy. By 1930 the Nationalgalerie acquired several major paintings by Corinth in addition to those already in its collection. During the Third Reich , Corinth's work was condemned by the Nazis as degenerate art . In 1937, Nazi authorities removed 295 of his works from public collections, and transported seven of them to Munich where they were displayed in March 1937 in

1521-485: Was quite prolific, and in the last 15 years of his life he produced more than 900 graphic works, including 60 self-portraits. The landscapes he created between 1919 and 1925 are perhaps the most desirable images of his entire graphic oeuvre. The house where Corinth was born is still in the town of Tapiau, which is now called Gvardeysk , and located in Kaliningrad Oblast , Russia. In 1910 Corinth had donated

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