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80-795: Shortly after the March 1st Movement, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was established which fostered the independence until liberation from Japan was achieved on . Soon, on 1920, the provisional government led Battle of Qingshanli which is regarded as one of the most successful battles against the Japanese Empire in the independence history of Korea. As a result, the Japan Empire and Japanese General Government responded to this with cruel suppression thus

160-675: A background in which Naju students take on Japanese students. At that time, Japanese based in Youngsanpo carried rice from Naju Plain to Japan. The town's commercial district was also controlled by the Japanese. This area is designated as a monument and has a vivid reconstruction of the old scenery of Naju Station. In 1967, Gwangju Student Independence Movement Memorial Hall was established in Gwang-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City to pay one's respects to independence spirit. In 2004,

240-423: A concrete bridge through two reconstruction in 1922 and 1935. About 300 students chanted slogans, 'Hurray for the independence of Korea', 'Down with Japanese imperialism', 'The abolition of colonial education', staging a violent demonstration with the citizenry. Established in 1907, the Japanese elementary school, which was founded in 1907 for the japanese student education, opened a campus in 1913 and entered in

320-404: A dagger. Gwangju Bridge, which entered 115 years ago in 1907, was the most modern painted wooden bridge at that time, which was all of stepping-stones and poor wooden bridge. Back then, all the people and cars coming from the south passed through this bridge into the center of Gwangju. Gwangju Bridge was regarded by the Japanese as 'the road to the shrine' and 'to the marketplace' for us. It became

400-521: A duke. In 1930, Sim married Ahn Jeong-ok (1913-2004), a "modern woman" whom he met at a music-theatre group, with whom he had three sons; Jae-geun, Jae-gwang and Jae-ho. In 1935 he won an award for his most famous novel Sangnoksu ; he used the prize money to create the Sangrok Academy. Sim is credited for the Sangrok (Evergreen Tree) movement which encouraged young, educated people to move to

480-731: A guarantee from China, the United States, and the British in the Cairo Conference of a liberated Korea in the future, which was reaffirmed by the Soviets, the United States, and the British in the Potsdam Conference . The Soviets declared war on Japan and invaded northern Korea. The US then struck Hiroshima and Nagasaki which resulted in the surrender of Japan . The Soviets then began to strongly influence

560-676: A life that was an embodiment of exceptional artistic talent, prolific writing, and vision for his country's future freed from the darkness of colonialism. Shim Hun's writings are mandatory readings for all students in South Korea today. Shim Hun's high school issued an honorary graduation diploma in his name in 2005. His third son Shim Jae-Ho, who lives in Virginia , United States, holds the original manuscripts of many of his works; he lent them out to be displayed in Dangjin in 2010. In 2011,

640-603: A petition in the name of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. However, he was not allowed to attend the Peace Conference because the provisional government had not yet been established. Kim subsequently formed a provisional government to receive the credentials of officially representing the Korean government. Kim's trip to the conference became the motivation for the 1 March Movement and

720-902: A political party and their army, the Korean Revolutionary Party and the Korean Revolutionary Army . Some however formed political parties in the provisional government such as the Korean Independence Party and the Korean National Revolutionary Party with their own armed wings . They coordinated with the Chinese Nationalist and Communist armies such as the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army against

800-667: A single unified government representing various independence movements scattered in Korea, China, and Russia, as well as domestic and foreign Koreans. Article 1, The Republic of Korea shall be a Democratic republic . Article 2, The Republic of Korea shall be governed by the Provisional Government's resolution of the Provisional Council of the Republic of Korea. Article 3, The people of the Republic of Korea have no class of men and women, no distinction, and no class of rich and poor, and are all equal. Article 4, The people of

880-537: A specific resolution that stated the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was essential to the success of Korean democracy. After the end of World War II, the US and the Soviets stationed military forces in Korea. The Soviets occupied the northern half of the Korea, declaring war on Japan, and formed the Soviet Civil Administration after the end of World War II. Similarly, the US formed

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960-711: The Japanese joined forces with the White Army and forced them disarm and join the Red Army. But they refused and the Red Army massacred them at Svobodny . Still, despite these losses, they hugely struck a blow to the Japanese military leadership in Shanghai's Hongkew Park , April 1932. The Japanese invaded Manchuria forced members of these authorities to defect and form the National People's Prefecture under

1040-464: The Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation commemorated Shim Hun in its series of Medals of Korean Historical Figures; Shim was one of 100 notable historical figures to be recognized and honored. In 1932, Shim Hun designed and built his house Pilgyeongsa ( 필경사 ) in Dangjin, Chungcheongnam-do, where he wrote most of his major works and his children were born. Today, it is designated as

1120-460: The League of Nations to exercise the spirit founded by the will of God to the world and further contribute to human culture and peace. Article 8, The Republic of Korea gives preferential treatment to the former Korean Imperial Household . Article 9, The abolition of the death penalty, corporal punishment, and prostitution system shall be made. Article 10, The Provisional Government shall convene

1200-821: The Liberation Association . The "Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea" was read during the ceremony. South Korean actor Kang Ha-neul also read a narrative piece themed around the "Dream of the KPG". Member of the K-pop group Shinee and South Korean actor Onew performed the military musical titled "Shinheung Military Academy". 37°32′N 126°59′E  /  37.533°N 126.983°E  / 37.533; 126.983 Sim Hun Shim Daeseop ( Korean :  심대섭 ; 12 September 1901 – 16 September 1936), more commonly known by his art name Shim Hun (also spelled Sim Hun or Sim Hoon ),

1280-521: The National Assembly of South Korea announced the establishment of the Students' Day ( 학생의 날 ) to celebrate students' efforts on every November 3. Later, in 2006, this name soon changed into Student Independence Movement Day ( 학생독립운동 기념일 ). It was the birthplace of the 11.3 school independence movement when Korean and Japanese students collided while attending Gwangju in 1929. There is

1360-498: The Tennō , its emperor. Instead of reluctantly singing it, students remained silent or shouted for independence. Jaeseong Jang, one of those students who participated in this activity, started to lead street demonstrations and insisted students making this protest into part of an ongoing resistance against Japanese rule. On November 12, 1929, student groups led by Jaeseong Jang distributed mimeographed copies of requests to participate in

1440-758: The Underwood Academy , where he received a Western education in English, Latin, theology, mathematics, and science. He was multilingual able to speak English, French, German, Russian, Mongolian and Sanskrit as well as Korean, Chinese and Japanese. He delivered the Korean Independence petition to President Woodrow Wilson in the name of the Shinhan Youth Party  [ ko ] , and went to Paris, France, in January 1919 to submit

1520-654: The United States Army Military Government in southern part of Korea. The leading members of Korean Provisional Government disagreed the system of trusteeship applied to the Korean Peninsula. Primarily, both sides of the political spectrum, with the left led by center-left politician Lyuh Woon-hyung and the right by center-right politician Kim Kyu-sik , disagreed with this system of trusteeship and resolved to cooperate despite having different opinions on governance. However,

1600-485: The imperialism of Japan. Although their protests resulted in the severe repression from the Japanese government, those efforts students made not only encouraged national independence movement, but also became the predecessor of student movements. Sim Hun , the Korean novelist, wrote a collection of poetry Kunali Omyeon (그날이 오면, If that day comes) to commemorate a student independence movement in Gwangju in 1930. In 1953,

1680-771: The 1920s and 1930s, including at the Battle of Samdunja , Battle of Bongoh Town in June 1920 and the Battle of Chingshanli in October 1920. However, their manpower diminished when they attempted to reorganize their forces into the Korean Independence Corps at Svobodny , Amur Oblast , Russia . The Bolsheviks believed them to be a liability to the Soviet Union during the Russian Civil War when

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1760-703: The Government of South Korea celebrated the 100th anniversary of the KPG in Yeouido Park . As South Korean President Moon Jae-in was then the United States, the ceremony was attended by Prime Minister of South Korea Lee Nak-yon , Speaker of the National Assembly Moon Hee-sang , and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Park Han-ki . Also in attendance were the surviving members of the KPG and/or their family, as part of

1840-737: The Gwangju Student Independence Movement Memorial Hall was newly built in Hwajeong-dong, Seo-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City. It was opened again in November 2005 by displaying a composite process of the development of Gwangju Student Independence Movement Gwangju's first modern park, the Gudong Park(now Gwangju park), was built in 1912–1913 at the summit of Seong-geo Mountain and there were 1,200 pyeong of Gwangju Shrine in

1920-596: The Gwangju students' anti-Japanese movement by organizing a secret society with independence and leading the anti-Japanese protests in Gwangju. The Gwangju Public High School is the current Gwangju Jeil High School and the park site located on the campus has the "Gwangju Student Independence Movement Memorial" built in 1954 to commemorate the student independence movement at that time and the Gwangju Student Independence Movement Memorial History museum' built in 1997. It

2000-725: The Gyeongseong Ordinary School ( 경성보통학교 , now Gyeonggi High School) in 1915, but due to his participation in the March 1st Movement protests against Japanese rule in Korea in 1919, was arrested and expelled. When he was in prison, Shim Hun wrote his famous impassioned letter to his mother vowing to fight for the freedom of his country ("the Greater Mother") from Japanese rule. Imprisoned for eight months, he went into exile in Hangzhou , China where he attended

2080-831: The Japanese armies to continue their fight for independence. This struggle culminated in the formation of the Korean Volunteer Army , and the Korean Liberation Army in the 1940s, bringing together all Korean resistance groups in exile. The government duly declared war against the Axis powers , Japan and Germany, on 9 December 1941, and the Liberation Army took part in Allied action in China and parts of Southeast Asia . These efforts resulted in

2160-457: The Japanese school Gwangju Middle School.' The protesters went to Seokseong - dong and came back to the city area with the police's restraint. They continued marching along the on way street going to the south academy alley of the Jeonnam provincial government office and the hospital. The students demonstrations attempted to attack Gwangju Middle School, but after avoiding the blood clashes with

2240-578: The Korean provisional government's goal of ending Japanese rule in Korea was ultimately achieved when the Japanese surrendered on 2 September 1945. In 1919, when US President Woodrow Wilson advocated for national self-determination , Rhee promoted the League of Nations mandate in the United States, and Kim Kyu-sik pushed for independence under the approval of a victorious country in Paris. The provisional government gained approval from China and Poland through its diplomatic efforts. Meanwhile, in 1944,

2320-732: The National Assembly within one year after the restoration of the national territory. The government resisted the colonial rule of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945. The government's Military Affairs Department coordinated armed resistance such as the Northern Military Administration Office , Korean Independence Army , and the Korean Patriotic Organization against the Imperial Japanese Army during

2400-695: The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea were Kim Kyu-sik, representative of the Shinhan Youth Group, Lyuh Woon-Hyung , Cho Seong Hwan (Minister of Defense), Kim Cheol, Sun Woo Hyuk, Han Jin Kyo, Chang Deok soo, Cho Dong Ho, Seo Byung Ho and Kim In Jon. There were 30 people including Nam Hyung Woo, Shin Ik-Hee , Yi Si-yeong , Yi Dong-nyeong , Cho Wan Gu, Sin Chaeho , Jo So-ang and Kim Dae Ji. In addition, Kim Ku , Yi Dong-nyeong participated in

2480-478: The Republic of Korea enjoy the freedom of religion, press, authorship, publication, association, assembly, communication, address transfer, physical and ownership. Article 5, Those qualified as citizens of the Republic of Korea shall have the right to vote and the right to the candidacy of eligibility for election. Article 6, The people of the Republic of Korea have the obligation of education, tax payment, and military service. Article 7, The Republic of Korea joins

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2560-523: The Republic of Korea when he attended the Roanoke College in the US. The reason was Prince Imperial Uihwa 's colleague was Kim Kyu-sik and he had a relationship with Kim Kyu-sik in Roanoke College . On 10 April 1919, 1,000 Chinese and Shinhan Youth Party people became the main actors in the "kimshinburo(Route Pere Robert)" a French tribe in Shanghai. On 11 April 1919, the National Assembly

2640-557: The Shinhan Youth Party in Paris by radio, and they raised money for the lobbying effort. Inspired by Kim Kyu-sik's arguments, the Shinhan Young Youth Party sent people to Korea and met with national leaders such as Ham Tae-young and Cho Man-sik . Kim Kyu-sik's order for independence demonstrations was the moment when the 1 March 1919 campaign began. Participants at the time of the establishment of

2720-578: The Zhejiang University, returning to Korea in 1923. From then until 1930, Shim Hun worked as a newspaper columnist and reporter at the Dong-a Ilbo , Chosun Ilbo , and Joseon Jung-ang Ilbo . His arranged marriage to his first wife Yi Hae-yeong ( Korean :  이해영 ; Hanja :  李海暎 ) ended in divorce (1917-1924). Yi Hae-yeong was from the Yi royal family , the daughter of

2800-452: The center of the liberation movement and in getting KPG operations underway. As acting premier, he helped reorganize the government from a parliamentary cabinet system to a presidential system . The independence movement's popularity grew quickly both locally and abroad. After the 1 March 1919, campaign, a plan was set up at home and abroad to continue expanding the independence movement. However, some were hesitant due to their obedience to

2880-498: The clash in Gwangju Station on November 3, the street march resumed at 2 p.m. The students who poured into the city area raised their momentum by shouting "Long live independence of Korea" and calling the national anthem. Students who protested along Chungjang walked toward Gil-rim-dong, where Gwangju Middle School(Japanese school) is located. They went on shouting slogans such as 'Abolish colonial slave education and 'Shut down

2960-552: The countryside to educate and organize rural populace, and awaken them from their oppression (e.g., Japanese colonial rule, traditional landed gentry class). He died in 1936 of typhoid fever without seeing his country's independence that came in 1945. Shim Hun was a prolific writer. In his short life, he wrote several novels, short stories, plays and poems. He was a meticulous writer who kept original copies of his writing; most of Sim's original manuscripts (over 4,000 pages)survive today. Sim's 1926 novel Talchum ( 탈춤 , Mask Dance )

3040-544: The current jungang elementary school. This was the street demonstration of the Gwangju student uprising. On November 3, 1929, the street demonstration of students from Gwangju High School in Gwangju passed through Chungjong-ro Pass and Seoseok-dong, where student living in a dormitory in Gwangju Normal School and Gwangju Girl's High School joined the demonstrators and Ordinary citizens encouraged demonstrators, scale of demonstrators amount to 30,00 people. After

3120-462: The demonstration, about 2.20 million, 10% of the total population. There were 7,500 deaths, 16,000 injured, and 46,000 arrested and detained. The protests, which began in March and continued until May, included 33 people who had signed the Declaration of Independence, but were in fact held by the Japanese police. After the Japanese violently cracked down on the protests, numerous Koreans fled

3200-462: The end of the colonial period, there was no single organization that pro-independence Koreans considered their sole representative. On 21 January 1919, rumors that Emperor Gojong was poisoned by the Japanese imperial family came to light. This culminated in a demonstration that took place at the Emperor's funeral on 1 March. Among the 20 million Koreans present, 3.1 million people participated in

3280-462: The establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Before his departure, Kim ordered the Shinhan Youth Party members to hold an independent demonstration, saying: "Even if sent to Paris, Westerners do not know who I am. To expose and propagate Japanese rule, one must declare independence in Korea. The person to be dispatched will be sacrificed, but what happens in Korea will fulfill my mission well." Kim Kyu-sik communicated with

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3360-446: The establishment, and Ahn Changho , Yi Dong-hwi , and Syngman Rhee were appointed between April and September 1919 and entered Shanghai. Hwang Ki-hwan became the chief secretary of the Korea provisional government's French branch. Former empire personnel also participated in the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Kim Gajin, who served as an observer of Hwanghae Province and Chungcheongnam-do during

3440-654: The fifth son of Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire and one of the prime candidates for the prince, prepared a plan to escape to the Korean Provisional Government. The Prince Imperial Uihwa sent a letter and indicated his intention to participate in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. In November 1919, the Prince Imperial Uihwa went to Andong, Manchuria, to escape to the provisional government in Shanghai, but

3520-536: The first president of the Provisional Government, became the first President of the Republic of Korea . The current South Korean government claims through the 1987-amended constitution of South Korea that there is continuity between the KPG and the current South Korean state, though this has been disputed by scholars and historians. Between 1910 and 1945, Korea was a colony of the Empire of Japan . Throughout and even before this time, dozens of groups emerged that advocated for Korean independence. However, even until

3600-406: The first president of the Provisional Government, became the first President of the Republic of Korea. The current South Korean government through the national constitution revised in 1987 states that the South Korean people inherited the rule of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, though this has been criticized by some historians as constituting revisionism. On 11 April 2019,

3680-411: The former Korean Empire . The Korean resistance movement actively supported the independence movement under the provisional government, and received economic and military support from the Kuomintang , the Soviet Union, and France. After 1932, the KPG moved to a number of different cities and eventually settled in Chongqing until the end of World War II in 1945. Several of the buildings used as

3760-408: The government received approval from the Soviet Union. Jo So-ang , the head of the KPG's diplomatic department, met with the French ambassador in Chongqing and was quoted as saying that the French government would give unofficial approval to the government in April 1945. However, the government did not gain formal recognition from the US, UK, and other world powers. In 2019, the US Congress adopted

3840-421: The headquarters of the KPG in Shanghai and Chongqing are now preserved as museums. After the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945, the provisional government came to an end. Its members returned to Korea, where they put together their own political organizations under the American military administration and competed for power in what would become South Korea. On 15 August 1948, Syngman Rhee , who had been

3920-404: The highly respected independent branch offices of Manchu and the Maritime provinces, such as Dongying, Lee, Shim, Kim DongSam, Shin Chae Ho, Cho Sung Hwan and Chaosang, came to Shanghai and were sent to Korea. The Shinhan Youth Party wanted a promise of independence in Korea at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and dispatched Kim Kyu-sik as a delegate. Since his childhood, he had been studying at

4000-401: The independence movement faced stalemate. However, as the new clandestine organization for the independence called the Singanhoe was formed in 1927, the independent movement became much more active with clandestine activities. Also, as the Singanhoe embraced various political spectrum in Korea, they could gain much more power to struggle against Japan. On October 30, 1929, Japanese students in

4080-422: The issue of integration. Negotiations proceeded between the Korean National Assembly and the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Won Sehun, who was selected as representative of the National Assembly of Korea, came to Shanghai and negotiated. Both argued that the center of the government should be placed in the area, but that only the departments of the subordinate should be placed on both sides. Despite

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4160-470: The ministry of the law, Moon Chang-bum to the ministry of the traffic and Choi Jae-hyung to the ministry of finance. On 11 November, the government announced its establishment. On 22 April 1957, the second Uijeongwon  [ ko ] was held, with representatives of the eight Korean provinces and other representatives from Russia, China, and USA present. There, they elected Yi Dong-nyeong as chairman and Sohn Jung-do as vice-chairman. The Uijeongwon had

4240-498: The movement was becoming intense, Seokchun Jang, the head of the Gwangju branch of New People's Association , arrived Seoul to report what happened in Gwangju to leaders of New People's Association. From the two conferences he held, he insisted that this movement should become a nationwide struggle for independence. Soon this idea got accepted, and New People's Association began to prepare for demonstrations in Seoul and other major cities. Even though most leaders in Seoul got arrested by

4320-455: The movement. Later, students from a few high schools such as Gwangju Agriculture High School and Gwangju Girls' High School decided go on strike against the Japanese regime. In response, authorities decided to impose suspension on students who participated in the movement. This actually led more people to be encouraged to join the movement. Amongst the slogans the students had, the nationalist and socialist views seemed to be distinct. While

4400-413: The occupying powers. At that time, many independent activists were gathered in Shanghai. Those who set up independent temporary offices repeatedly discussed ways to find new breakthroughs in the independence movement. First, the theory of provisional government was developed, and it was generally argued that the government should organize a government in exile against the Chosun governor's office. However, it

4480-434: The parts of Korean they controlled . During World War II, the Korean Liberation Army was preparing an assault against Japanese forces in Korea in conjunction with the US Office of Strategic Services . On 15 August 1945, the Japanese empire began to collapse and Korea finally gained independence a few weeks later, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation. This independence was reaffirmed in the Treaty of San Francisco . Thus,

4560-494: The peninsula, including many of the later founders of the KPG. The government was formed on 11 April 1919, shortly after the March First Movement of the same year. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919 as part of the March First Movement . The key members in its establishment included An Chang Ho and Syngman Rhee , both of whom were leaders of the Korean National Association at that time. Changho played an important part in making Shanghai

4640-498: The police before their protests, a few schools continued to have demonstrations. This led to the participation from other major political leaders such as Cho Byeong-ok , Han Yong-un , and Song Jin-woo . Eventually, the number of schools that participated reached 323. The first student movement arisen on November 3, 1929, developed into a nationwide anti-Japanese movement, and lasted about 5 months. Focusing on students, about 54,000 people engaged in this movement. It spread and affected

4720-415: The police, they crossed the Geumdong and the Gwangju River and crossed Gwangju Bridge descend along Gwagnju Bridge and returned to Gwangju High School. Seonam University Hospital. At that time, a small market placing under Budong bridge. A crowd of thousands gathered here and rallied in the streets. However, at present, the marketplace can not be found, and there is a hospital instead. It is the birthplace of

4800-410: The president of the US, Harry S. Truman declared the Truman Doctrine in March 1947. This doctrine accelerated what would be the Cold War and left long-lasting implications on the Korean Peninsula. The Korean government in exile was established to lead the independence movement on the Korean Peninsula against colonial rule. It was established on 11 April 1919, in Shanghai, China. On 11 September of

4880-403: The rally and protests abroad such as in Manchuria, Kando, Kirn, Shanghai, Beijing of China, Japan and USA. After this, the spirit of the student independence movement succeeded to the secret society movement, resistance movement about oppressive draft, the grain exploitation in 1940s, and the second student independence movement in May, 1943, etc. Like this, the Gwangju student independence movement

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4960-425: The reign of the empire, was a high-ranking official who was defeated in 1910 by the Japanese after being deprived of his country. He formed a secret independent organization called Daedong Dan after the 1 March Movement began in 1919, and served as governor. He was exiled to the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, China in October 1919, and served as a provisional government adviser. Kim Gajin,

5040-431: The same function as the National Assembly, such as the resolution of bills and the election of a temporary president. Prior to this, on 17 March 1919, the Provisional Government of the Korean People's Congress was established in the Russian Maritime Province, followed by the establishment of the Hanseong Provisional Government in Kyungsung on 23 April. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai raised

5120-440: The same year, it established a single government in Shanghai by integrating temporary governments such as those of Seoul and Russia's Maritime Province . The Provisional Constitution was enacted to form the Republic of Korea as a democratic republic. It introduced the presidential system and established separate legislative, administrative and judicial branches. It succeeded the territory of the Korean Empire. Interim president Rhee

5200-429: The square. On November 3, 1929, it was the birthday of King Meiji the Japanese national day of October 3, the lunar calendar. In the reality that we have to celebrate the Japanese holiday the students rejected singing Kimigayo and shrine worship protested with silence. After the ceremony, there was a conflict between Joseon students and Japanese students, and the violence has been spreading, such as stabbing Choi's face with

5280-408: The summer of 1919. Seo Byeong-ho, Seung-hyung Cho, Dong-ho Cho, Park Chan-ik, and Sun Woo-hyuk met with the governments from Korea, Manchuria, the Russian Maritime Province and the Americas. Shanghai's independent offices provided accommodation for people from outside the country, centering on the French settlement, and organizing social gatherings for Koreans to create a close network. Around this time,

5360-415: The train station in Naju harassed a few Korean female students. This incident was the initial cause of anti-Japanese demonstrations in various high schools in Gwangju . On November 3 — coincidentally both the birthday of Emperor Meiji (明治節) and Gaecheonjeol ( 개천절 ; 開天節 ), the National Foundation Day of Korea — students were forced to sing the " Kimigayo ," the national anthem of Japan and hymn to

5440-409: The two arguments, they were eager to establish a single government as well. Finally, on 11 September 1919, the Korean National Assembly of the Russian Maritime Province and the Hanseong Provisional Government of Gyeongseong were incorporated into the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, China. As a result, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was able to develop into

5520-399: Was a Korean government in exile based in China during the Korea under Japanese rule . The KPG was founded in Shanghai on 11 April 1919. A provisional constitution providing for a democratic republic named the "Republic of Korea" was enacted. It introduced a presidential system and three branches (legislative, administrative and judicial) of government. The KPG inherited the territory of

5600-411: Was a Korean novelist, poet, and playwright. Shim Hun was born in Seoul in 1901 to an old yangban family which for centuries held high government positions and served the royal court as ministers. His father is Shim Sang-jeong and his mother came from another notable Yangban family Yun (her father was a celebrated calligrapher). Shim Hun was the youngest of three sons and had one sister. He entered

5680-411: Was a poem "Joseonui Nama" or "Chosun's Son" which he wrote after learning that the Korean marathon runner Sohn Kee-chung won the gold medal for Marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. As a colonial subject, Song was forced to run wearing the Japanese flag. Sim wrote the poem on the copy of the Special Bulletin that announced Sohn's victory. Kunari Omyeon was published in 1949 since the original volume

5760-507: Was argued that the party was not sufficiently equipped to form a government. Shanghai was a transportation hub and also a center of support for the Guangdong government led by Wu Yuan. In addition, there were delegates from Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, which allowed them to escape the influence of Japan. For this reason, independent offices flocked to Shanghai. Independence movements in Shanghai moved more aggressively in

5840-514: Was arrested after being apprehended by the Japanese army and forced to return home. The contents of the book, which was sent to the Provisional Government by the King, were published in an independent newspaper article on 20 November 1919. The current day of historians estimated the Prince Imperial Uihwa had thought of the Korean independence movement and tried to join the Provisional Government of

5920-489: Was censored and banned by the Japanese colonial government. A seven-volume series of his books, Sim Hun's Books , came out in 1952 and a three-volume series, Shim Hun's Complete Works , was republished in 1996. Decades after his death in 1936, Shim Hun is still honored as one of the pioneers of modern Korean literature, for his patriotic service to Korea through resistance and the Sangrok Movement, and for living

6000-473: Was designated as the 26th Gwangju Metropolitan City Monument on April 30, 1999. The school campus memorial also has a space for the history of the Gwangju Ilgo baseball club, which was established in 1923. Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea The Korean Provisional Government ( KPG ), formally the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea ( Korean :  대한민국 임시정부 ),

6080-506: Was established as the Republic of Korea, and the Republic of Korea adopted the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea as a democratic republic. After appointing Syngman Rhee as the prime minister in charge of the administration, he appointed six ministers, including Ahn Chang-ho to the ministry of internal affairs, Kim Kyu-sik to the ministry of foreign affairs, Yi Donghwi to the ministry of defense, Yi Si-yeong to

6160-620: Was impeached and succeeded by Kim Ku. Under the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, he actively supported the independence movement, including the organization of the Korean Liberation Army, and received economic and military support from China, the Soviet Union, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. After the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945, government figures such as Kim Ku and Syngman Rhee returned to Korea. On 15 August 1948, Rhee, who had

6240-593: Was serialized in Chosun Joong Ang Ilbo in 1934 and is believed to honor and be inspired by his first wife Yi Hae-Yeoung's life. He wrote Sangnoksu ( 상록수 , Evergreen Tree ), a novel about rural development, in 1935 while staying in Dangjin , Chungcheongnam-do ; it was published in 1949 in a novel collection commemorating the 15th anniversary of the Dong-a Ilbo' s establishment. Sim's last work

6320-627: Was the first Korean novel to be made into a movie. He wrote a collection of poetry Kunari Omyeon ( 그날이 오면 , When that day comes ) to commemorate a student independence movement in Gwangju in 1930, in which he yearns for the day Korea gains independence from Japan. His novel Dongbang-eui Aein ( 동방의 애인 , Lover from the East ) was serialised in the Chosun Ilbo beginning in October 1930. His Jiknyuseong ("Weaver Girl" star or Constellation Lyra)

6400-409: Was the opportunity which identified that the students was the inner circle members of the independence movement and the trigger of the national liberation enhancement in the stagnant atmosphere of labor/peasant movement at the end of the 1920s. For these reasons, the Gwangju independence movement is evaluated as one of the most representative ethnic movements equivalent to the March 1st Movement against

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