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24-623: This deep bay lies between the large estuaries of the Ob ( Gulf of Ob ) and the Yenisei River . The peninsula formed between this bay and neighbouring Yuratski Bay is known as the Mamonta Peninsula (Russian: Полуостров Мамонта ; Poluostrov Mamonta , meaning ' Mammoth Peninsula') and the narrow peninsula in the NW formed between this bay and the neighbouring Gulf of Ob is known as

48-626: A common Finno-Ugric root, borrowed early on from a pre-Indo-Iranian source related to Sanskrit ambhas- 'water' is deemed improbable by Rédei (1992), who prefers to analyse this as a later loan from a descendant of the non-nasal root form *Hā́p- . The Ob is known to the Khanty people as the As (the source of the name " Ostyak "), Yag , Kolta and Yema ; to the Nenets people as the Kolta or Kuay ; and to

72-671: A particularly important western river-port was Tyumen , located on the Tura , a tributary of the Tobol . Reached by an extension of the Yekaterinburg – Perm railway in 1885, and thus obtaining a rail link to the Kama and Volga rivers in the heart of Russia, Tyumen became an important railhead for some years until the railway extended further east. In the eastern reaches of the Ob basin, Tomsk on

96-603: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ob River 12,475.1 m /s (440,550 cu ft/s) (Period of data: 1930–1984) The Ob ( / ˈ ɒ b / ) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia , and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system , at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in

120-514: Is in Russia. Its tributaries extend into northern Kazakhstan , a western corner of China and a tiny upland parcel of the western tip of Mongolia, where the wider borders match the drainage basin almost precisely. The river splits into more than one arm after the large Irtysh flows into it at about 69° E. Originating in China, the Irtysh is the furthest source of the Ob. From their respective sources to

144-481: Is the world's longest estuary . The internationally known name of the river is based on the Russian name Обь ( Obʹ , IPA: [opʲ] ). Possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́p- , "river, water" (compare Vedic Sanskrit áp- , Persian āb , Tajik ob , and Pashto obə , "water"). Katz (1990) proposes Komi ob 'river' as the immediate source of derivation for the Russian name. Katz's proposal of

168-760: The Altai Mountains . It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena ). Its flow is north-westward, then northward. The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk , the largest city in Siberia, and the third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river. The Gulf of Ob

192-725: The Siberian Tatars as the Umar or Omass . The Ob forms 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Biysk in Altai Krai at the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. Both these streams have their origin in the Altai Mountains , which gradually give way to the Ob Plateau . The Biya has its sources in Lake Teletskoye and the 700 kilometres (430 mi) long Katun in a glacier on Mount Byelukha . The Ob itself

216-566: The Tom functioned as an important terminus. Tyumen had its first steamboat in 1836, and steamboats have navigated the middle reaches of the Ob since 1845. In 1916, there were 49 steamers on the Ob; 10 on the Yenisei. In an attempt to extend the Ob navigable system even further, a system of canals , utilising the Ket , 900 km (560 mi) long in all, was built in the late 19th-century to connect

240-580: The Usa to the lower reaches of the Ob. The second route went down the Northern Dvina , then along the coasts of the White Sea and Kara Sea , before reaching the mouth of the Ob. The Russian settlements of Beryozov and Obdorsk were founded towards the end of the 16th century on the lower reaches of the Ob, while Surgut was founded on the middle course of the Ob. Until the early 20th century,

264-753: The Yavay Peninsula (Russian: полуостров Явай ; Poluostrov Yavay ). The Khalmyer Bay is surrounded by tundra coast and there are numerous river mouths on its shores. Deep within the bay lies the settlement of Gyda . At its mouth lie the settlements of Matyuysale and Mongatalyang . This Bay is located in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district administrative region of the Russian Federation . The Khalmyer Bay appears also as Gydanskaya Guba ('Gyda Bay') in maps in Russian. This Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug location article

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288-526: The 1960s through 1980s, Soviet engineers and administrators contemplated a gigantic project to divert some of the waters of Ob and Irtysh to Kazakhstan and the Soviet Central Asian republics, replenishing the Aral Sea as well. The project never left the drawing board, abandoned in 1986 for economic and environmental considerations. The water in the river is significantly polluted. In

312-459: The Katun glaciers on the southwestern slope of Belukha Mountain . The river freezes up in late November or early December and breaks up in early or mid-April. The main tributaries of the Katun are, from source to mouth: Koksa (left), Kucherla (right), Argut (right), Chuya (right), Ursul (left), Sema (left) and Isha (right). The river is navigable. In its upper reach of the Katun flows down

336-516: The Ob basin provided for (somewhat indirect) transport in the east–west direction as well. The Novgorodians were aware of the lands of western Siberia from at least the 11th century, which were designated by the Russian word Yugra . Novgorod established two trade routes to the Ob River, both starting from the town of Ustyug . The first route went along the Sukhona and Vychegda , then along

360-401: The Ob river, the largest being Novosibirskaya GES. The navigable waters within the Ob basin reach a total length of 15,000 km (9,300 mi). The importance of navigation in the Ob basin for transport was particularly great before the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway , since, despite the general south-to-north direction of the flow of Ob and most of its tributaries, the width of

384-481: The Ob with the Yenisei , but soon abandoned as being uncompetitive with the railway . The Trans-Siberian Railway, once completed, provided for more direct, year-round transport in the east–west direction. But the Ob river-system still remained important for connecting the huge expanses of Tyumen Oblast and Tomsk Oblast with the major cities along the Trans-Siberian route, such as Novosibirsk or Omsk . In

408-487: The area of its basin 2,990,000 square kilometres (1,150,000 sq mi). The river basin of the Ob consists mostly of steppe , taiga , swamps, tundra , and semi-desert topography. The floodplains of the Ob are characterised by many tributaries and lakes. The Ob is icebound at southern Barnaul from early in November to near the end of April, and at northern Salekhard , 150 km (93 mi) above its mouth, from

432-508: The confluence, the Irtysh measures 4,248 kilometers (2,640 mi) and the Ob 2,538 km (1,577 mi). Other noteworthy tributaries are: from the east, the Tom , Chulym , Ket , Tym and Vakh rivers; and, from the west and south, the Vasyugan , Irtysh (with the Ishim and Tobol rivers), and Severnaya Sosva . The Ob zigzags west and north until it reaches 55° N, where it curves to

456-546: The distant and sparsely populated area, but a few kilometers downstream near the village Kuyus , the coastal population density grows steadily and the area downstream of the village Ust-Sema is the most populated. There are numerous buildings, holiday camps and various guest houses in the pine forest near the village. The main settlements along the Katun are, from source to mouth: Ust-Koksa , Katanda , Inya , Chemal , Manzherok , Souzga , Aya , Mayma , Srostki and Verkh-Katunskoye . This Altai Krai location article

480-483: The end of October to the beginning of June. The Ob River crosses several climatic zones. The upper Ob valley, in the south, supports grapes, melons and watermelons, whereas the lower reaches of the Ob are Arctic tundra. The most temperate climates on the Ob are at Biysk , Barnaul, and Novosibirsk . The Ob provides irrigation, drinking water, hydroelectric energy, and fishing (the river hosts more than 50 species of fish). There are several hydroelectric power plants along

504-737: The lower reaches, the maximum permissible concentrations of petroleum products are exceeded by 9-10 times. The oxygen content in the water is 4 times lower than normal The Irtysh is the major tributary of the Ob. The larger tributaries along its course are: In addition, the Nadym and the Pur River flow into the Gulf of Ob and the Taz into the Taz Estuary , a side arm of the Gulf of Ob. Cities along

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528-688: The northwest, south of the Siberian Uvaly , at the western end of which it bends northwards, wheeling finally eastwards into the Gulf of Ob , a 1,000-kilometre-long (620-mile) bay of the Kara Sea , separating the Yamal Peninsula from the Gyda Peninsula . The combined Ob-Irtysh system, the fourth-longest river system of Asia (after Yenisei , and China's Yangzi and Yellow rivers), is 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi) long, and

552-548: The river include: From a confluence to a source: Katun (river) The Katun ( Russian : Катунь [kɐˈtunʲ] ; Altay : Кадын [qɑˈdɯn] ) is a river in the Altai Republic and the Altai Krai of Russia . It forms the Ob as it joins the Biya some 19 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Biysk . The Katun is 688 kilometres (428 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 60,900 square kilometres (23,500 sq mi). It originates in

576-465: The second half of the 20th century, construction of rail links to Labytnangi , Tobolsk , and the oil and gas cities of Surgut , and Nizhnevartovsk provided more railheads, but did not diminish the importance of the waterways for reaching places still not served by the rail. A dam built near Novosibirsk in 1956 created the then-largest artificial lake in Siberia , called Novosibirsk Reservoir . From

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