Misplaced Pages

#842157

28-475: At the beginning of 1944, the T-34 tank's F-34 76.2 mm tank gun was replaced by a more powerful 85 mm gun. This rendered the year-old SU-85 tank destroyer effectively obsolescent, since its D-5T 85 mm gun was now also fielded by a more flexible medium tank. F. F. Petrov 's Design Bureau at Artillery Factory No. 9 was assigned the task of producing a 100 mm anti-tank gun that could be used on

56-471: A laser guidance window in the tail of the round is uncovered, and its rocket engine ignites to burn for up to six seconds, with a total missile flight time of up to 41 seconds. Missile ammunition includes: SU-85 The SU-85 ( Samokhodnaya ustanovka 85) was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II , based on the chassis of the T-34 medium tank. Earlier Soviet self-propelled guns were meant to serve as either assault guns , such as

84-573: A low profile and excellent mobility. Initially given an armored commander's cap on the first batch, the SU-85's observational optics were improved by the introduction of a standard commander's cupola - the same as on the T-34/76 model 1942 - in addition to the already existing prismatic observation sights installed in left side and rear. On later vehicles, the same optics were added, allowing all-around observation. SU-85 production started in mid-1943, with

112-572: A version of the D-10 was installed as a coastal artillery piece in Finland in the 1960s. This weapon is designated 100 56 TK in Finnish Navy service and consists of a complete T-55 tank turret without the stabilizer but furnished with a manually operated ammunition lift, a chute for used cases, and gun laying apparatus allowing indirect fire directed by remote fire control. The maximum elevation of

140-488: Is a Soviet laser beam-riding anti-tank missile . It is used in a number of separate weapon systems, including the 9K116-1 Bastion missile system ( AT-10 Stabber ), 9K118 Sheksna ( AT-12 Swinger ), T-12 anti-tank gun and the 3UBK12 fired from the BMP-3 . The 100 mm projectile entered service in 1981. The 9K112 Kobra (AT-8 Songster) was the first Soviet tube-fired anti-tank missile to enter service; however, it

168-579: The Red Army would need a new, more powerful main gun for their armoured formations. In May 1943, work was begun on a new anti-tank gun . Military planners directed the design bureaus of both Gen. Vasiliy Grabin and Gen. Fyodor Petrov to modify the 85 mm anti-aircraft gun for use as an anti-tank weapon. Petrov's bureau developed the D-5 85 mm gun. Though much too large for the T-34 or KV-1 turret, it

196-618: The SU-122 , or as tank destroyers ; the SU-85 fell into the latter category. As with the other AFVs in the SU series, the designation "85" refers to the vehicle's main armament, the 85 mm D-5T gun. Early in World War II , Soviet tanks such as the T-34 and KV-1 had adequate firepower to defeat any of the German tanks then available. By the fall of 1942, Soviet forces began to encounter

224-442: The light . Using this modulation, the missile steers itself, maintaining its position in the cone. The laser beam is zoomed during the missile flight so it has the same diameter (about 6 m (20 ft)) throughout the missile flight path. The laser beam-riding guidance system is smaller than a radio command one, and cheaper and simpler than semi-active laser guidance. The missile is also not prone to radio or optical jamming. On

252-458: The 125 mm guns of the T-72 and T-80 tanks. The 100 mm round resembles a normal 100 mm anti-tank round, and is loaded and fired in the same fashion. The round uses a reduced propellant charge to launch the projectile out of the barrel of the gun at around 400–500 m/s (1,300–1,600 ft/s). After leaving the gun barrel, a small cover falls away from the window on the rear of

280-687: The German 75 mm KwK 42 mounted on the Panther tank as well as the Tiger I 's 88 mm KwK 36 gun. Testing against Panther tanks at Kubinka showed the D-10T could penetrate the Panther's glacis up to 1500 m. Armor penetration performance increased further with the development of APDS (Armor-Piercing, Discarding Sabot) and other more modern ammunition types after WWII. A more effective high-explosive shell

308-539: The SU-85 chassis, for the proposed SU-100 . To achieve this goal, Petrov's team modified the S-34 naval gun for use in an armoured fighting vehicle. The D-10 is a high- velocity gun of 100 mm calibre (bore diameter), with a barrel length of 53.5 calibres. A muzzle velocity of 895 m/s gave it good anti-tank performance by late-war standards. With its original ammunition, it could penetrate about 164 mm of steel armor plate at 1,000 m, which made it superior to

SECTION 10

#1732782934843

336-451: The T-55M and T-55AM tank upgrade program also added the ability to some tanks to fire the 9K116-1 Bastion guided missile system (NATO reporting name AT-10 Stabber), for long-range engagements of tanks and low-flying helicopters. The anti-tank missile is encased in the 3UBK10-1 shell, which is handled, loaded, and fired exactly like a conventional tank gun round. 1.5 seconds after firing,

364-503: The T-62's U-5TS 115 mm smoothbore gun, 9K116-2 Sheksna (3UBK10-2 round). The 9M117 missiles were identical, as in the towed version; however, the 115 mm version had additional guiding rings. They were commissioned in 1983. Then, the 9K116-3 system was developed for the 100 mm rifled gun of the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle, commissioned in 1987. Similar systems, with larger caliber 9M119 Svir missiles, were developed for

392-498: The ballistic-capped BR-412B and BR-412D ammunition becoming available in the late 1940s. There was also a D-412 smoke shell. In 1964, the NII-24 research bureau started design work on an improved 3UBM6 anti-tank round. In 1967 the 3BM6 hyper-velocity armour-piercing discarding-sabot round (HVAPDS) entered service: At a range of 2,000 m, it could penetrate 290 mm of flat armour, or 145 mm of armour angled at 60 degrees from

420-549: The barrel was also increased and the turret was furnished with new aiming optics, in some cases including a thermographic camera for night use. During World War II, UOF-412 round carried the 15.6 kg (34.39 lbs) F-412 high-explosive fragmentation shell. Anti-tank ammunition available from World War II until the late 1960s was based on the UBR-412 round, including the BR-412 armour-piercing high-explosive projectile, with

448-464: The first vehicles reaching their units by August. When the up-gunned T-34-85 medium tank entered mass production in the spring of 1944, there was no point in continuing production of a tank destroyer without superior firepower. In light of this, SU-85 production was stopped in late 1944 after 2,650 vehicles had been produced. It was replaced on the production lines by the SU-100 tank destroyer, armed with

476-399: The missile. The rocket motor ignites 1.5 seconds after firing the missile, and it burns for 6 seconds. The projectiles use beam-riding laser guidance. A cone of laser light divided into sectors is projected from the launching tank/vehicle/gun, each sector having a different frequency or modulation . The missile has a small window in the rear with a laser sensor to detect the modulation of

504-602: The more powerful 100 mm D-10S gun, but due to delays with 100 mm ammo, a stopgap version called SU-85M appeared in September 1944, which was SU-100 fitted with 85 mm gun, already with thicker frontal armor and commander's cupola. The SU-85 entered combat in August 1943. It saw active service across the Eastern Front until the end of the war. Though a capable weapon, it was found that its 85 mm weapon

532-479: The new German Tiger tank , with armor too thick to be penetrated by the 76.2 mm guns used in the T-34 and KV tanks at a safe range. The Soviet command also had reports of the Panther tank , that was in development then and possessed thicker armor than the Tiger; both represented an advance in German tank design. Although the Panther was not seen in combat until July 1943, the new generation of German vehicles meant

560-482: The other hand, the target has to be tracked by laser sight all the time, and the system can not be reliably used on the move. The missile's flight time to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) is approximately 12 seconds. After 26 to 41 seconds, the missile self-destructs . Cartridges firing the 9M117 Bastion missile; average armour penetration 550 mm (22 in) rolled homogeneous armour equivalency (RHAe) after explosive reactive armour (ERA) Cartridges firing

588-512: The vertical. It was later replaced by the 3BM8 HVAPDS projectile, with a tungsten carbide penetrator. High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, which penetrate armour with the focused explosion of a shaped charge , included the 3UBK4 with 3BK5M warhead, later replaced by the 3UBK9 with 3BK17M warhead. In the 1980s, 3UBM11 antitank rounds were introduced, with 3BM25 armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot (APFSDS) tungsten carbide penetrator, which increased its armor penetration. In 1983,

SECTION 20

#1732782934843

616-457: Was also developed after the war, taking advantage of the larger 100 mm bore. It was originally designed to equip the SU-100 tank destroyer as the D-10S (for samokhodnaya , 'self-propelled'), and was later mounted on the post-war T-54 main battle tank as the D-10T (for tankovaya , 'tank' adj. ). There was no significant difference in functionality or performance between the two versions. It

644-506: Was also tested on the T-34 , T-44 , KV-1 , and IS-2 ( obyekt 245 ). In 1955 a stabilizer (vertical-plane STP-1 Gorizont ) and bore evacuator were added to the new D-10TG version of the gun. In 1956, the subsequent D-10T2S version of the gun began production for T-54B and T-55 tanks, equipped with two-plane Tsyklon gun stabilization. Versions of the D-10 were installed on new tanks as late as 1979, and thousands still remain in service in various countries. Returning to its naval roots,

672-562: Was not adequate to penetrate the armour of the larger German armoured fighting vehicles. It was replaced by the SU-100. The SU-85 was withdrawn from Soviet service soon after the war, and was exported to many Soviet client states in Europe and elsewhere. Some SU-85s were converted to use as command and recovery vehicles. Countries such as North Korea and Vietnam kept it in service for many years. 9M117 Bastion The 9M117 Bastion

700-464: Was only deployed in limited numbers to front line units. Development work began in the late 1970s on a third generation of guided projectiles that would use laser guidance rather than radio command links. The guidance system was developed by Igor Aristarkhov, and the missile was developed by Pyotr Komonov. The Bastion was developed firstly as a relatively cheap missile fired from towed MT-12 100 mm smoothbore anti-tank guns. The 9M117 missile

728-502: Was part of the 3UBK10 round and the whole weapon system was designated 9K116 Kastet. A laser guidance device was seated on a tripod next to the gun . The system was commissioned in 1981. During development of the 9K116 system, it was recognized that it could enhance the long-range firepower of the older T-55 and T-62 tanks. The system for the T-55's D-10T 100 mm rifled gun was designated 9K116-1 Bastion (3UBK10-1 round); and for

756-546: Was put into production. The weapon was later modified to include a telescopic sight and a new ball gun mantlet . This vehicle was retitled the SU-85-II. The SU-85 was a modification of the earlier SU-122 self-propelled howitzer, essentially replacing the 122 mm M-30S howitzer of the SU-122 with a D-5T high-velocity 85 mm antitank gun. The D-5T was capable of penetrating the Tiger I from 1000 m. The vehicle had

784-461: Was thought the gun could be mounted upon the chassis of the SU-122 self-propelled gun to give the weapon mobility. The version of this gun intended to be mounted upon the SU-85 was called the D-5S, with the "S" standing for self-propelled. Initially the production factory at Uralmash rejected the proposed design. Nevertheless, the administrators at Uralmash were persuaded to proceed, and the new design

#842157