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43-598: The FS Class D.341 is a class of diesel-electric locomotive used in Italy , introduced in the 1950s and still in service. Most of the remaining units are in service with La Ferroviaria Italiana (LFI). The D.341 were part of a post- World War II effort from the Italian state railways FS to replace their steam locomotives on non- electrified lines. They were designed in collaboration with Fiat and Breda and were produced in two series with different engines, depending from

86-583: A 3 kV DC supply. High-speed service was introduced on the Rome-Milan line in 1988–89 with the ETR 450 Pendolino train, with a top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) and cutting travel times from about 5 hours to 4. The prototype train ETR X 500 was the first Italian train to reach 300 km/h (190 mph) on the Direttissima on 25 May 1989. The Italian high-speed rail projects suffered from

129-515: A commissioner, appointed by the King until April 1924. Since then, Ferrovie dello Stato was managed by the newly born Ministry of Communications (including rail transport), under Costanzo Ciano . After the armistice on 8 September 1943, Italy was divided and train operations were separately directed too, with headquarters in Salerno for the south and Verona for the north. At the end of 1944,

172-524: A major new multi-level high speed station at Belfiore designed by British architect Norman Foster . The Florence–Rome segment consists of the older " Direttissima " (literally: most direct ) line between the two cities, with a length of 240 km (150 mi). The first high-speed line in Europe, the " Direttissima " was completed in between 1977 and 1992. This segment is being upgraded by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana . Entering Rome, high-speed trains have

215-423: A maximum of 200 km/h (125 mph) on mainline tracks only. Service on the high speed lines is provided by Trenitalia and the privately owned NTV . Several types of high-speed trains carry out the service: Current limitations on the tracks set the maximum operating speed of the trains at 300 km/h (190 mph) after plans for 360 km/h (220 mph) operations were cancelled. Development of

258-504: A number of cost overruns and delays. Corruption and unethical behaviour played a key role. In November 2018, the first high-speed freight rail in the world commenced service in Italy. The ETR 500 Mercitalia Fast train carries freight between Caserta and Bologna in 3 hours and 30 minutes, at an average speed of 180 km/h (110 mph). The main public operator of high-speed trains ( alta velocità AV , formerly Eurostar Italia )

301-521: A state-owned monopoly. 25 million passengers traveled on the network in 2011. In 2015, ridership increased to 55 million for Trenitalia and 9.1 million for NTV, for a combined 64 million passengers. The Direttissima opened in 1977 as the first high-speed rail route in Italy and Europe , connecting Rome with Florence . The top speed on the line was 250 km/h (160 mph), giving an end-to-end journey time of about 90 minutes with an average speed of 200 km/h (120 mph). This line used

344-402: Is Trenitalia , part of FSI . Trains are divided into three categories (called " Le Frecce "): Frecciarossa ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of 300 km/h (185 mph) on dedicated high-speed tracks; Frecciargento (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 250 km/h (155 mph) on both high-speed and mainline tracks; Frecciabianca (White arrow) trains operate at

387-470: Is co-financed in equal measure by Italy and Austria and 50% by the European Union. As of 2020, half of the tunnel's length has been excavated and it is due to be opened in 2032. A new high speed line between Verona and Fortezza is constructed on the Italian side and is about 180 km (110 mi) long. The line will have a design speed of 200–250 km/h (120–160 mph) and will quadruple

430-533: Is the major north–south corridor of the high-speed network. The Milan–Bologna segment opened on 13 December 2008. Its construction cost was about 6.9 billion euro. The 182 km (113 mi) line runs parallel to the Autostrada del Sole , crossing seven provinces and 32 municipalities . There are eight connections with historic lines. At the Reggio Emilia interconnection a new station designed by

473-475: The ETR 1000 by AnsaldoBreda and Bombardier Transportation (which is designed to operate commercially at 360 km/h (220 mph), with a technical top speed of over 400 km/h (250 mph), is proceeding, with Rete Ferroviaria Italiana working on the necessary updates to allow trains to speed up to 360 km/h (220 mph). On 28 May 2018, the Ministry for Infrastructures and Transportation and

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516-637: The Turin to Trieste corridor runs for 85 km (53 mi) and opened in February 2006. The Novara to Milan segment opened on 12 December 2009, allowing a 59-minute journey between Milan Centrale and Turin Porta Nuova (45 minutes from Milan Porta Garibaldi to Turin Porta Susa ). Combined, the two segments are 125 km (78 mi) long, of which 80% (98 km [61 mi]) are in

559-560: The Valencian architect Santiago Calatrava was opened in June 2013. Calatrava has also designed a signature bridge where the line crosses the A1 motorway. The line travels through a new multi-level station at Bologna (Italy's principal railway junction) designed by Japanese architect Arata Isozaki . The Bologna–Florence segment opened on 12 December 2009, allowing a 37-minute journey between

602-468: The country's major cities . The first line connects Turin to Salerno via Milan , Bologna , Florence , Rome and Naples , the second runs from Turin to Venice via Milan and Verona , and is under construction in parts. Trains are operated with a top speed of 300 km/h (190 mph). Passenger service is provided by Trenitalia and, since April 2012, by NTV , the world's first private open-access operator of high-speed rail to compete with

645-459: The 1970s, a new generation of electronically operated railcars and power trains were first introduced on the Italian network, starting with the G.A.I. (Gruppo Aziende Italiane) trains for regional and metropolitan service. The new E.444 was the first attempt on high-speed rail , with a top speed of 200 km/h (120 mph). The ETR 401 (1976) was the first prototype of the new Pendolino class. Following other network improvements, works for

688-557: The A35 motorway and opened for service on 11 December 2016. Between Brescia and Verona the new high-speed line will parallel the A4 motorway for 30 km (19 mi) of its 48 km (30 mi) total length, and a 7.4 km (4.6 mi) tunnel will be constructed at Lonato del Garda . This section was scheduled for completion in 2023. The final 75 km (47 mi) stretch between Verona and Padua will be constructed by quadrupling

731-644: The Dutch company Qbuzz . In February 2017 Trenitalia bought from National Express the British train operating company c2c . In September 2017, an agreement to buy 100% of TrainOSE (the Greek railways) for €45 million was signed. Blufferies is a subsidiary company of Ferrovie dello Stato (Italy's Rail Infrastructure Manager) that operates ferries across the Strait of Messina . It provides transport across

774-700: The Italian and the French high speed rail networks. It would take over the role of the current Fréjus railway . The project costs €26 billion, with the Mont d'Ambin Base Tunnel , a 57.5 km (35.7 mi) trans-alpine tunnel between Italy and France, costing €18.3 billion. Although the plan was highly controversial, the Italian senate approved funding in mid-2019, with the project tentatively due to be completed in 2032. The Brenner Base Tunnel will link Verona , Innsbruck , and Munich , and thus connect

817-653: The Italian, Austrian and German railways. The tunnel is the most important link in a series of projects that will create a single connection from Berlin in Germany to Palermo in Sicily as part of the Trans-European Transport Networks . The tunnel crosses the border between Innsbruck in Austria and Franzensfeste in Italy. The total costs of the tunnel are estimated at €8.4 billion, of which 40%

860-421: The Ministry of Communications was split and the new Ministry of Transport was created, including the general management of Ferrovie dello Stato, and in 1945, the company was renamed Azienda Autonoma delle Ferrovie dello Stato . The period after World War II was particularly tough for Ferrovie dello Stato, since most of the Italian rail network was severely damaged and the rolling stock was obsolete. The network

903-717: The National Association for Railway Safety decided not to run the 385 km/h (240 mph) tests required to allow commercial operation at 350 km/h (220 mph), thus limiting the maximum commercial speed on the existing Italian high-speed lines to 300 km/h (190 mph) and cancelling the project. TGV trains also run on the Paris -Turin-Milan service, but do not use any high-speed line in Italy. The following high-speed rail lines are in use. 25 kV 50 Hz The table shows minimum and maximum (depending on stops) travel times. The Milan to Salerno

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946-560: The company's two main divisions, service and infrastructure, were separated and two different independent companies were created: Trenitalia , responsible for transport service, and Rete Ferroviaria Italiana , responsible for the management of the rail infrastructure. Both companies were still subsidiaries of Ferrovie dello Stato Holding SpA. In 2011 Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane bought the German Netinera . In July 2016 Busitalia (part of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane) purchased

989-512: The current 90 km/h (56 mph). Construction started in 2019 at a cost of €415 million. The work on both tracks is expected to finish in 2023. Eventually, further improvements as part of the entire €8 billion project will enable a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) on the line. The upgrade of the line will reduce the journey time between Palermo and Catania to one hour and 45 minutes in 2025, saving one hour. The Turin–Lyon line will connect Turin , Lyon and Chambéry , and join

1032-474: The current two tracks of the existing low speed line. It has been budgeted at approximately €5 billion and is expected to be completed by the end of the works on the Brenner Base Tunnel. A line from Salerno to Reggio Calabria is currently in the planning stage. It is expected to be operational by 2030. The new line will be 445 km (277 mi) long and cost €22.8 billion. It will reduce

1075-463: The existing national rail network at Frosinone Nord, Cassino Sud and Caserta Nord. On 13 December 2009, work was completed on the last 18 km (11 mi) of the line between Gricignano and Napoli Centrale . In the Campania region, the line passes through Afragola where a major new transfer station has been built, designed by Iraqi-born architect Zaha Hadid . The Turin to Novara segment of

1118-487: The existing railway. The contract for this was let in August 2020 with completion scheduled for 2027. The section between Verona and Vicenza is to be constructed first. A line from Milan to Genoa was approved in 2006 at €6.2 billion; construction work started in 2011. Work between Genoa and Tortona was temporarily halted due to funding problems, but restarted in 2019 and now is expected to be completed by 2026. On

1161-447: The first Italian high-speed rail line started in these years. The Direttissima line from Florence to Rome was partially opened in 1986 and concluded in 1992. In 1986, trains were travelling the line at 200 km/h (120 mph), surpassing for the first time the previous maximum limit of 180 km/h on the Italian network. In 1988, the ETR 450 Pendolino was travelling regularly at 250 km/h (160 mph), today's top speed on

1204-404: The government. The first Director General was Riccardo Bianchi . In June 1912 Ferrovie dello Stato owned 5021 steam locomotives, 151 railcars, 10,037 coaches, 3371 baggage cars and 92,990 goods wagons. With the rise of Fascism , a centralization policy was carried out. The board of directors and chief administrator office were abolished at the end of 1922. The institution was administered by

1247-432: The line from Milan to Venice high speed trains still have to use the conventional line between Brescia and Padua . The remaining portion from Brescia to Padua is under construction at a cost of €9.82 billion, while the rest of the line is already in operation. The line is built for a speed of 250 km/h (160 mph). The section between Brescia and Verona will be completed in 2026 while construction should finish on

1290-455: The line is projected for 2027. Palermo and Catania , Sicily 's largest cities, are currently connected by a single-track railway which limits speed and capacity of the line. Currently works are under way to achieve higher speeds and a double-track layout, with the first section of 38 km (24 mi) being under construction between Bicocca and Catenanuova. This will enable a higher maximum speed of 200 km/h (124 mph) compared to

1333-723: The line. The line was the fastest in Europe after the French TGV lines. The old logo was renewed in 1982 and again in 1994, with the introduction of the XMPR livery  [ it ] . The FS was left unchanged in its administrative structure until the end of 1985. From the following year, after 80 years, the Azienda Autonoma delle Ferrovie dello Stato was replaced by a new company, Ferrovie dello Stato . The newly born Ferrovie dello Stato underwent major structural transformations between 1986 and 1992. The workforce

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1376-487: The main for freight services in Greece, has been under the company's management since 2017. The company employs over 1,000 people. ANAS ( Italian : Azienda Nazionale Autonoma delle Strade , English: National Autonomous Roads Corporation ) manages the construction and maintenance of motorways and state highways in Italy. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane owns and operates a ferry service for rail trains connecting

1419-976: The mainland to Sicily , crossing the Strait of Messina . They carry InterCity , InterCityNotte and goods wagon by means of ferry boats. Until 2009 there was another ferry service for freight transport, which was activated in 1961 to connect the continent to the Sardinia , between Civitavecchia and Golfo Aranci . Since 2010, after the regular service has been suspended, there is an on-call service for Messina Marittima and Villa San Giovanni Mare . The former company CEOs were: Lorenzo Necci (1989–1996), Giancarlo Cimoli (1996–2004), Elio Catania (2004–2006), Mauro Moretti (2006–2014), Michele Mario Elia (2014–2015), Renato Mazzoncini (2015–2018) and Gianfranco Battisti (2018-2021). NEL 2030 FRECCIA ORO ETR High-speed rail in Italy High-speed rail in Italy consists of two lines connecting most of

1462-489: The manufacturer. The second series had a slightly different appearance. Two prototypes were also built by Ansaldo and Reggiane . D.341 has two small cabs , one at each end, separated by a large compartment including the engine, the cooling devices and the transmission. The two engines were each V-12 engines coupled to a DC 450/700 V generator provided by Magneti Marelli for the FIAT locomotives, and by Breda or Ocren in

1505-585: The mass construction of electrical and diesel multiple units, like the Ale 883, ALe 840 and ALn 772. The FS ALn 668 diesel multiple unit was introduced in 1956. In the following years, 3 MU out of 4 were 668 , which replaced many older units. Many electrical multiple units were also introduced during this period, like the ALe 601, progenitor of the Ale 801/940 and ALe 803 EMU, still in use today on regional service. During

1548-464: The option of stopping at either the new intermodal station at Tiburtina , developed by architects ABD Associate led by Paolo Desideri, or Termini station . The Rome-Naples segment heads south from the Italian capital. Service on the first new high speed segment of the project started in December 2005. This line runs through 61 municipalities in two regions ( Lazio and Campania ) and connects with

1591-414: The others. Power is fed to four electric motors having a maximum power of 177 kW (237 hp) each in the first series, and 192 kW (257 hp) in the second one. Ferrovie dello Stato The company was instituted by an act on 22 April 1905, taking control over the majority of the national railways, which up until that time were privately owned and managed. The president was nominated by

1634-571: The region of Piemonte (provinces of Turin , Vercelli and Novara ) and 20% (27 km [17 mi]) in the region of Lombardy ( province of Milan ). To minimize its environmental impact on the area, almost the entire length of the Turin to Milan high-speed line was constructed parallel to the A4 Turin-Milan motorway . The Milan to Venice segment includes stretches from Padova to Mestre (for Venice), in service since March 2007, and Milan to Brescia , which runs alongside

1677-414: The section between Verona and Padua in 2029, including a 7.7 km (4.8 mi) tunnel between Lonato del Garda and Desenzano del Garda . The construction of the line from Naples to Bari began in 2015 and will cut Naples–Bari journeys from four to two hours. Totaling €6.2 billion for the whole project, the final €2.1 billion needed to complete the project was approved in 2019. The completion of

1720-420: The strait for passengers, cars and trains. The company employs approximately 130 people. Trenitalia is the most important subsidiary of the company, as it manages all the trains of the company group. Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. It was established in 2000 following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transport. Hellenic Train , the sole operator for passenger and

1763-461: The two cities. The Bologna-Florence high-speed section was particularly complex to build mainly because about 93% of its 78.5 km (48.8 mi) runs through tunnels under the Apennines mountain range. The line has nine tunnels, from 600 m (0.37 mi) to 18.5 km (11.5 mi) long, separated by short surface stretches (less than 5 km (3.1 mi) in total). Florence will have

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1806-410: Was rebuilt almost entirely by 1952. Since then, a period of renewal started. New trains were introduced, among them the ETR 300 , and many sections of the national network were electrified and sometimes doubled. In 1957, the new ALn 442/448 multiple unit was introduced, greatly reducing travel time on the Italian network. During these years, the rolling stock was generally renewed and expanded with

1849-508: Was reduced to half: from 216,310 employees in 1988 to 112,018 in 1999. Divisions were created to rationalize the management. The organisation was converted from a government agency to a state-owned enterprise in 1992 with the creation of the new Ferrovie dello Stato SpA, a joint-stock company , following a European guideline. However, it was not privatized : it remained fully owned by the Italian Government. On 1 June 2000,

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