The DF4 ( Chinese : 东风4 ) is a type of diesel–electric locomotive used in the People's Republic of China . It has been in production since 1969 and is still produced as of 2007 by several local companies. It is the most common locomotive in China and is used for both passenger and freight services.
98-597: The first DF4 was built in 1969 in Dalian . The first 108 locomotives that were built here are the original DF4s using the 16V240ZJ engine. It took seven years to build all 108 locomotives of this type. Due to unstable technique in the production of early-built DF4 locomotives, malfunctions of mechanic and electric parts occurred frequently during the operation, especially the diesel engine. Thus, most DF4 locomotives were taken out of service for maintenance, and railroad engineers from Fengtai Locomotive Depot sarcastically joked that
196-772: A monsoon -influenced humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ), characterized by warm wet summers due to the East Asian monsoon , and cold, windy, dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone . Except for winter, the city experiences a one-month seasonal lag due to its position on the Liaodong Peninsula. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.3 °C (26.1 °F) in January to 24.8 °C (76.6 °F) in August. Annual precipitation averages 580 millimeters (22.8 in) but
294-578: A steel frame. The frame is fixed to the chassis with elastic supports. Electric traction motors are mounted on bogie frames with a tram system. M62 is equipped with electro-pneumatic multiple-unit controls ; therefore it is possible to drive two locomotives from one cab. The locomotive had enough power to pull a 1,000 t (980 long tons; 1,100 short tons) freight train with a top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph) (on level track), while two coupled locomotives are able to pull trains up to 3,600 t (3,500 long tons; 4,000 short tons). The top speed in such
392-598: A Large-Port Metropolis. Dalian is one of the top 40 science cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index , ranking 37th globally in 2023. The city is home to several major universities , notably Dalian University of Technology and Dalian Maritime University , members of China's prestigious universities in the Project 211 , and the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of
490-589: A case was 60–100 km/h (37–62 mph). In Hungarian service, the M62 proved inferior to the Swedish-American NOHAB M61, which, while 10 tons lighter and slightly less powerful, could haul 25% more weight with 50-60% of the Soviet engine's fuel consumption. The M62 was unable to run from Budapest to Nyíregyháza and back without refueling, which led to congestion and timetable problems when
588-424: A fairly simple construction coupled with a largely reliable diesel–electric transmission. Intensive electrification of Polish railways caused the relatively new ST44 locomotives to be mothballed into reserve stock. Many machines withdrawn from PKP found their place among industrial and private railways, where they only bore the producer's M62 designation. Heavy fuel and oil consumption as well as heavy wear caused to
686-684: A lease of the area from the Qing dynasty in 1898 and called it Dalny ( Russian : Дальний , romanized : Dal'nij — "a remote one" or "far-away", in reference to the town's location, rendered in Chinese as 達里尼 ; 达里尼 ; Dálǐní ) from 1898 to 1905. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, Japan occupied the area as the Kwantung Leased Territory and renamed the city Dairen ( Japanese : 大連/だいれん ) after
784-614: A number of operators in Poland, PKP Cargo classifies them as ST40 and PKP LHS – as ST40s. In 2017 Polish train operator Rail Polska [ pl ] , in co-operation with VIS Systems, converted one ST44 to 3 kV DC electric. The new locomotive, designated 207E, uses the original's bogies and underframe; it develops 2.4 MW (3,200 hp) power and has maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The company has converted another unit since and plans to convert 12 locomotives altogether. Because of its low maintenance requirements
882-617: A response to the 2008 Tibetan anti-Chinese protests , and forced the temporary closure of the local Carrefour store. In 2010 one of the worst recorded oil-spills in China's history occurred in Dalian. The Dalian PX protest occurred on 14 August 2011. In June 2014, China's tenth state-level new area , the Dalian Jinpu New Area was officially established. On 5 August 2016, the Dalian huabiao incident occurred. A huabiao in
980-529: A semiconductor fabrication facility (commonly known as a fab) in the Development Zone, Dalian. It is Intel's first fab to be built at an entirely new site since 1992. The facility began operation in October 2010. Dalian also houses auto-manufacturing plants for Chery , Dongfeng Nissan Passenger Vehicle Company, and BYD Automobile (a production base for BYD K9 electric buses ). Other zones in
1078-665: A special red tablet mounted on it that states that this machine was personally inspected by Kim Il-sung . Two copies were built in North Korea, numbers 8001 and 8002, and given the designation “Kŭmsŏng” (“Venus”). 8002 has been on display at the Museum of the Three Revolutions since its construction, while 8001 is in regular service. At least 15 North Korean M62 locomotives were converted to electric locomotives by Kim Chŏng-tae Electric Locomotive Works in 1998. This
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#17327762556701176-536: Is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang ) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang and Harbin ). Located on the southern tip of the Liaodong peninsula , it is the southernmost city in both Liaoning and the entire Northeast. Dalian borders the prefectural cities of Yingkou and Anshan to the north and Dandong to the northeast, and also shares maritime boundaries with Qinhuangdao and Huludao across
1274-401: Is a financial, shipping, and logistics center for East Asia . The city has a significant history of use by foreign powers for its ports. Dalian was previously known as " Dalniy " ( Russian : Дальний ; Dal'nii ), " Dairen " ( Japanese : 大連 ), and "Lüda" or "Luta" (Chinese: 旅大 ; pinyin: Lǚdà ). The city used to be better known as "Port Arthur" and "Ryojun" (Japanese: 旅順 ) from
1372-535: Is a newer port called Dayaowan Port ( Chinese : 大窑湾港 ; pinyin : Dàyáowān Gǎng ), on Dagushan ( 大孤山 ; Dàgūshān ) Peninsula in the northern suburbs, specializing in import-export of mining and oil products. Together with the Dalian Railway Station , Dalian North Railway Station , Dalian International Airport and two major express roads to Shenyang ( Shenda Expressway ), Changchun ( Changda Expressway ), Harbin ( Hada Expressway ) in
1470-469: Is a popular destination among domestic tourists and foreign visitors, especially from Japan, South Korea and Russia. Its mild climate and multiple beaches as well as its importance in the modern history of China have attracted tourists. Some of the most famous beaches are Jinshitan Golden Coast ( 金石滩黄金海岸 ) beach, Fujiazhuang ( 付家庄 ) beach, Bangchuidao ( 棒棰岛 ) beach, Xinghai Park ( 星海公园 ) beach, Xinghai Bay ( 星海湾 ) beach, and Xiajiahezi ( 夏家河子 ) beach. In 2007, it
1568-491: Is applied for the batch-produced configuration. The DF4C comes in a different color scheme than the previous DF4s, namely dark blue and later light blue and beige. The passenger version, informally called DF4CK, has an A1A-A1A wheel arrangement. The DF4, DF4B and DF4C were each produced with two different gear ratios, "passenger" (up to 120 km/h or 75 mph or 170 km/h or 110 mph for DF4C) and "freight" (up to 100 km/h or 62 mph). The passenger variant
1666-748: Is at least one DF4D, in standard blue over green livery. During the construction of Jakarta–Bandung high speed railway line , the Chinese construction company PowerChina brought and used several DF4 locomotives. The first unit, DF4B-1295, arrived at the Port of Tanjung Priok on 22 November 2021. It was transported to Tegalluar depot in Bandung on 21 January 2022. The second batch arrived on 28 January, consisted of DF4B-7552, 7553, 9129 and 7549. The third batch arrived in Tanjung Priok in December 2022, with
1764-670: Is heavily concentrated in the summer months and can vary greatly from year to year. Due to the coastal location, the mean diurnal temperature variation annually is small, at 6.66 °C (12.0 °F). The monthly percent of possible sunshine ranges from 45% in July to 66% in March, with 2,625 hours of bright sunshine annually. The annual mean temperature is 11.6 °C (52.9 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −21.1 °C (−6 °F) on 4 January 1970 to 36.6 °C (98 °F) on 14 July 2015. See or edit raw graph data . Dalian
1862-587: Is located on Korea Bay north of the Yellow Sea and roughly in the middle of the Liaodong peninsula at its narrowest neck or isthmus . With a coastline of 1,906 km (1,184 mi), it governs the majority of the Liaodong Peninsula and about 260 surrounding islands and reefs. It is seated at south-south-west of the Yalu River , and its harbor entrance forms a sub-bay known as Dalian Bay . Dalian has
1960-639: Is now called Bank of Dalian , which among other things handles processing of the Dalian Mingzhu IC Card for public transportation . Bank of Dalian has opened branches in Beijing , Shanghai and Shenyang , among five other cities. Founded in 1993, Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) is the only futures exchange in Northeast China. The futures industry leaped forward in its development. Among its 19 listed futures products approved by
2058-550: Is presumed to be quite easy, as the overhead voltage in North Korea is 3000 V. Numbered 1.5-01 to 1.5-15, these are known as the Kanghaenggun-class (강행군, "Forced March"). A total of 396 locomotives were sent to East Germany between 1966 and 1978, most of which ended up at the Deutsche Reichsbahn with some being delivered to East German industry. The Reichsbahn used the M62 locomotives at first under
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#17327762556702156-560: Is the second largest city of Liaoning province, after Shenyang , the provincial capital. The city of Dalian is governed by the Dalian Municipal People's Government. The municipal government is located in the main building on the north side of People's Square on Zhongshan Road , originally built as the Administrative Office of Kwantung Leased Territory , and other buildings in downtown Dalian. There are
2254-500: Is unofficial. Nicknamed "Watermelon", " Armed Police ", or "Orange". Generally speaking, "Watermelons" and "Armed Police" versions are used for freight, while "Oranges" (DF4 2000 Series) are manufactured with alternated gear ratio for the allowance of increased operation speed, intended for passenger services. DF4B are very similar to standard DF4, apart from an improved engine (16V240ZJB) and modified engine inlet filters in certain instances. Production started in Dalian in 1984. The DF4C
2352-683: The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) are corn, corn starch, soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, RBD palm olein, polished round-grained rice, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), ethylene glycol (EG), ethenylbenzene (EB), metallurgical coke, coking coal, iron ore, egg, fiberboard and blockboard. 3 options are also listed for trading, which includes soybean meal, corn and iron ore options. In 2019, DCE achieved 1,331 million lots and RMB 68.92 trillion respectively in trading volume and turnover. According to
2450-472: The Chinese Academy of Sciences . Modern Dalian originated from Qingniwa (traditional Chinese: 青泥窪 ; simplified Chinese: 青泥洼 ; pinyin: Qīngníwā ; lit. ' green/blue mud swamp') or Qingniwaqiao ( 青泥窪橋 ; 青泥洼桥 ; Qīngníwāqiáo ; 'bridge over the green/blue mud swamp'), a small Chinese fishing village. The Russian Empire built a commercial town after coercing
2548-676: The Czech Republic and Slovakia until 2002. From 1965 till 1978 the Hungarian State Railways MÁV received 294 locomotives named M62 . The M62 001 was actually the first M62 ever built, and is still running. The M62 designation and creation of the type originates from the MÁV order, as the Hungarian railways previously ordered Swedish Nohab locomotives called class M61 in MÁV service . A program to replace
2646-528: The Fairbanks-Morse 38D8 design which was installed by F-M in their H15-44 Hood and H20-44 Hood road switcher locomotives, as well as the F-M 'Erie-Built' Passenger and Freight cab units. The Soviet opposed-piston engines, like their US counterparts, were simply too tall to fit in locomotives designed for the 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard-gauge railways with
2744-683: The Ferrocarriles de Cuba . The "K" designation comes after the Russian spelling of the name Cuba, "Куба". Though most of these machines are no longer in service on the island, one of them, numbered 61602 is on display at the National Railroad Museum in Havana . This one was driven by Fidel Castro on the inauguration of a tram between Cumbre and Placetas in the center of the country. Other surviving M-62Ks have been spotted in
2842-1017: The Futures Industry Association (FIA) of the U.S., DCE was 11th largest exchange in the world by trading volume in 2019. Since the 1990s, Dalian has emphasized the development of the IT industry, especially in Dalian Hi-Tech Zone and Dalian Software Park in the western suburbs near Dalian University of Technology . Dalian High-Tech Zone is the base of high-tech industries, housing more than 4,700 enterprises, including 80 Fortune Global 500 companies. Not only Chinese IT companies, such as DHC , Hisoft and Neusoft Group , but also American, European, Indian and Japanese IT companies are located there, including Wipro , Infosys , IBM , Dell , HP , Ericsson , Panasonic , Sony , Accenture , Oracle , Hitachi and Cisco . Nine professional business incubators are also located in
2940-455: The Hamhŭng area. The total number delivered is not known, but the number is at least 36 units, numbered 내연201 to 내연225 and 내연261 to 내연271. Many are still in their former Chinese paint, but some have been repainted into the standard light blue over dark green, and two have received the dark green/yellow scheme applied to many M62-type diesels obtained second hand from Germany and Slovakia . There
3038-491: The Kwantung Leased Territory or Guandongzhou ( 關東州 ), on roughly the southern half (Jinzhou District and south) of present-day Dalian. Japanese invested heavily in the region, which became the main trading port between Manchuria and Japan. Japan leased the area from Manchukuo after establishing that puppet state in 1932. In 1937, as the Second Sino-Japanese War began, Japan enlarged and modernized
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3136-638: The Liaodong Bay to west and northwest, Yantai and Weihai on the Shandong peninsula across the Bohai Strait to the south, and North Korea across the Korea Bay to the east. As of the 2020 census, its total population was 7,450,785 inhabitants whom 5,106,719 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 6 out of 7 urban districts, Pulandian District not being conurbated yet. Today, Dalian
3234-470: The National Bureau of Statistics , Dalian ranks eighth among Chinese cities in terms of overall strength. The city's main industries include machine manufacturing, petrochemicals and oil refining, and electronics. Dalian was originally an agriculture and aquaculture-based area, which, after the opening of the ferry between Yantai and Lüshun during the early 20th century, began to be populated by
3332-700: The Pavlov Agreement (1898) with China, which granted Russia a 25-year lease on Dalian and Lüshun and exclusive right to build a branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway—what would become from 1905 the Japanese-operated South Manchurian Railway . Russia spent more than 10 million golden rubles (equivalent to 11.5 billion of today's rubles ) building the new ice-free port city. Russia heavily fortified both Dalniy (Qingniwaqiao of Zhongshan District) and
3430-714: The Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895). In the Triple Intervention of 23 April 1895, Russia, France and Germany forced Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula to China, despite the treaty's terms; instead the Russian Empire coerced a lease of the peninsula from the Qing dynasty in 1898. Russia had a particular interest in the region of the peninsula as one of the few areas in the region that had
3528-519: The tighter tunnel allowances of Eastern Bloc satellite countries. After the fall of the Soviet Bloc , 31 units of MÁV 's M62 fleet were rebuilt with Caterpillar engines in the 1990s, but lack of funds stopped further upgrades. The M62 was a dedicated freight mover and lacked any carriage heating or power supply equipment, even though most Soviet satellite-state customers needed to use them in dual cargo/passenger role regularly (Soviet trains of
3626-473: The 2010 census totaled 6.69 million. The total registered population on household at year end 2014 was 5.943 million, with a net increase of 29,000 over the previous year. The city has had a continuous annual double-digit percentage increase in GDP since 1992. In 2014, the city's GDP registered a 5.8% increase, reaching RMB 765.56 billion, while per capita GDP hit RMB 109,939. According to a nationwide appraisal by
3724-559: The Bundesbahn's scheme. However, they were quickly phased out and by the end of 1994 the class had all but disappeared, with 31 units from Germany having been sold to North Korea . Between 1966 and 1979 a total of 599 locomotives were imported into Czechoslovakia where at first they were given a T679.1 designation for standard-gauge locomotives and T679.5 for broad-gauge machines. Later in 1988 those numbers were changed to 781 and 781.8 respectively. Those machines were working in
3822-459: The Chinese name for Dalian Bay (simplified Chinese: 大连湾 ; traditional Chinese: 大連灣 ; pinyin: Dàlián Wān ) — a name in use since at least 1879. English-language sources called the city Dairen in this period (1905–1945), from Japanese. In 1950, Dalian, back in Chinese control, merged with the nearby town called Lüshun (traditional Chinese: 旅順 ; simplified Chinese: 旅顺 ; formerly Ryojun and before that, Port Arthur) to form
3920-601: The Commerce, Foreign Economy & Trade, Health, Information Industry, Police, Religion, Science & Technology, Transportation and other city-level bureaus, which work closely with the corresponding agencies at the district level. There are, in addition, 4 national leading open zones ( 对外开放先导区 ): (see Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China ) The city administers 7 districts , 2 county-level cities , and 1 county : The population of Dalian according to
4018-637: The DF4 "can't make it from Dongdan to Xisi ", two neighborhoods of Beijing. Therefore, Dalian Locomotive Works introduced 16V240ZJA, an improved diesel engine. Few of the early series DF4 are still in operation. The first DF4 of the class is currently in permanent exhibition at the Beijing Railway Museum . The DF4A distinguishes itself from first series DF4s with an improved engine, the 16V240ZJA. Production started in 1976 (the first model being DF4-0109) and lasted until 1984. The DF4A designation
China Railways DF4 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4116-608: The DF4 with side walkways and a full-body cab similar to modern American locomotives. The type was the most powerful road switcher class in China until the introduction of the HXN3B and HXN5B classes. The DF4E is a 2 unit locomotive of total power 4.86MW (2x2.43MW) DF4s have been manufactured by several companies: In 2001, the Korean State Railway bought two locomotives of type CKD4A (DF4D) new from CNR Dalian ; these were delivered in July 2002. These are powered by
4214-681: The DF4B-6385 on 16 December and the DF4C-4151 on 31 December. During the construction of the line, one of the DF4 was involved in an accident. The DF4B-7553 was derailed on 18 December 2022 while hauling a track-laying machine. The derailment occurred in Padalarang District, West Bandung Regency . The derailed train was evacuated on 20 December. At the conclusion of the line construction, the PowerChina's DF4s were moved out of
4312-555: The Dalian Municipal Government for its outstanding contribution to the protection of the environment. The average content of the four pollutants in the air reached Class II of National Ambient Air Quality Standards and there were 353 days with Air Pollution Index (API) over Class II (Good), including 108 excellent days with Class I (Superior). Dalian frequently ranks Grade 2 for air pollution according to State Environmental Protection Administration . However,
4410-631: The Dalian region, then under the jurisdiction of Liaodong county. During the Sixteen Kingdoms era (3rd through 5th centuries), the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo controlled this region. In the early Tang dynasty (618–907), the Dalian region formed part of Andong Prefecture in Jili state; during the Liao dynasty (916–1125), it was a part of Dong Jing Tong Liaoyang county. Dalian was named Sanshan in
4508-499: The LHS broad gauge line. Today around 50 of the class are located at Zamość depot, and it has been decided to mothball them for the moment. In 2005, two ST44 locomotives were completely rebuilt by Bumar-Fablok S.A. and delivered to the LHS line. Changes made included new Caterpillar 3516B HD Diesel Engines and Primary Alternators. These locomotives were designated as 3001 and 3002. Since 2007 Newag offers extensive modernisations of
4606-535: The Liaodong Peninsula became a major battleground. Major-General Baron Anatoly Stoessel defended a besieged Port Arthur , for five months (August 1904 to January 1905), but the Japanese army, using long-distance fire, sank several Russian ships at the Port Arthur naval base in early December 1904. Admiral Eugene Alexeyeff was blamed for splitting precious resources shipped 8,000 km (5,000 mi) across
4704-705: The M62 locomotive is quite popular with the Korean State Railway of the North Korea , where they serve not only on non-electrified lines but on electrified ones as well. 64 locomotives of this type were imported from the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation between 1967 and 1995, numbered in the 내연6xx (Naeyŏn 6xx) series. Between 1996 and 1998 31 locomotives were delivered from Deutsche Bahn . In 2000 six units were delivered from Slovak Railways and 13 units from Polish State Railways . None of
4802-416: The M62 locomotives that involve the replacement of the prime mover and generator, fitting new drivers' cabs and new body. The modernised units bear the manufacturer's designation 311D (standard gauge) and 311Da (Russian gauge). The modernised locomotive develops 2,133 kW (2,860 hp), 331 kN tractive effort and has maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). Modernised units have been supplied to
4900-530: The NOHAB was replaced by the M62 on that route. The M62's 14D40 V diesel engine was unreliable because it was developed in a short timeframe from scratch, without previous design experience. In the 1950s domestically built Soviet diesel locomotives, having the wider 1,520 mm ( 4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ) track base and taller tunnel clearances, used vertical opposed-piston engines. These (e.g. Kharkov 2D100/9D100/10D100) were based on
4998-612: The Port Arthur naval base (Lüshunkou) before and after the Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1901. During the insurrection, missionaries and converts were killed by rebels in the peninsula, although the massive massacres of ethnic Chinese Christians including Metrophanes, Chi Sung occurred at Harbin . Western expeditionary forces suppressed the Boxers across the Yellow Sea in Shandong . During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905,
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#17327762556705096-502: The Soviet Union. For political reasons, the Soviet Union simply forced Poland to buy Soviet instead of Romanian locomotives, as it preferred satellite countries not to export their products. The first four locomotives, produced by the Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Factory (in today's Luhansk, Ukraine), were delivered to Poland in September 1965. Deliveries continued until 1988, with 1,191 locomotives delivered in total (1,114 for PKP standard-gauge network, 68 broad-gauge units for LHS and 9 for
5194-437: The Soviet military 154 locomotives named DM62 were built. These engines have been modified for pulling SS-24 Scalpel ballistic rocket launcher trains . For industrial railroads 39 engines of the version M62UP have been built. These engines had improved trucks, larger fuel tanks and modified exhaust silencers. In the early 1960s an urgent need appeared in Poland for a heavy freight diesel locomotive. The Polish industry at
5292-412: The airport. Despite being in a period of economic and industrial growth, Dalian has placed an emphasis on environmental protection. Dalian's ecological restoration and protection efforts are ongoing and expanding. In 2021, Dalian set a five-year-plan for the marine environment that included targets for conserving populations of the endangered black-faced spoonbill . In 2019, 49 nests were built for
5390-462: The area's Chinese name had always been Lüshun . Although China heavily fortified the area, in which it allowed trade with foreigners, in the First Sino-Japanese War Japan swiftly overcame those defenses on 21 November 1894 in the Battle of Lüshunkou , committing the Port Arthur massacre afterwards. In April 1895 China conceded defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, ceding Liaodong Peninsula , Taiwan and Penghu , and making many other concessions in
5488-446: The area, including the Hi-tech Business Incubator, animation and software incubators, with over 400 companies incubated. Currently, the " Lüshun South Road Software Industry Belt" Plan is proceeding, including Dalian Software Park Phase 3. Intel 's Fab 68 is located in Dalian. The plan was announced on 26 March 2007, and operations started on 26 October 2010. It is Intel's first chip-manufacturing fabrication in East Asia . Dalian
5586-402: The black-faced spoonbill on nearby uninhabited islands. There has also been conservation and rescue efforts targeting spotted seal populations. Dalian also maintains the National Spotted Seal Nature Reserve within Lioadong Bay. This reserve is home to a spotted seal population and is a breeding ground for multiple marine species. In 2001, the United Nations Environment Programme awarded
5684-466: The border region of the former Soviet Union (now Ukraine). In 2005 still seven M62.5 have been in use. 1972 also the Raab-Oedenburg-Ebenfurther Eisenbahn (Győr-Sopron-Ebenfurti Vasút, GySEV), an Austro-Hungarian joint venture, received six standard-gauge locomotives named M62.9 . The locomotives were stationed in Sopron but were scrapped in 1996. Twenty locomotives, named M-62K class were shipped to Cuba between 1974 and 1975 and subsequently used by
5782-496: The center of Xinghai Square was demolished, which was believed to be out of political reasons related to the downfall of Chinese politician Bo Xilai , who oversaw the construction of Xinghai Square and the central huabiao during his tenure as the mayor of Dalian. The site of the huabiao was later replaced with a musical fountain, the largest one in Northeast China . One of the most heavily developed industrial areas of China, Dalian municipal area today consists of Dalian proper and
5880-426: The central city of Cienfuegos ; these are numbered 61611 and 61605. (See photo here: ) From 1980 till 1990 MTZ received 13 single units M62UM and 66 twin units 2M62M . The M62 locomotive has a Co-Co wheel arrangement , running on two bogies with three axles on each bogie. Chassis and bogie frames are constructed out of box elements. The two-stroke diesel engine and the main alternator are mounted on
5978-458: The city include the Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone , Dalian Export Processing Zone, Dalian Free Trade Zone, and Dalian Hi-Tech Industrial Zone . Dalian is the financial center of Northeast China . There are the Dalian branches of China's five major banks: Bank of China , Industrial & Commercial Bank of China , China Construction Bank , Bank of Communications , and Agricultural Bank of China . Dalian City Commercial Bank
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#17327762556706076-430: The city of Lüda ( 旅大 ; Lǚdà ), a name (formed from the first syllable of each constituent's name) which was usually rendered as Luta in English during that era. In 1981, the Chinese State Council again renamed the city from Lüda back to Dalian ( 大連 ; 大连 ; Dàlián ), effective 5 March 1981. In the Qin and Han periods (221 BC – AD 220), the Chinese state expanded its territories into northern Korea through
6174-495: The city's many traffic circles. He also preserved much of Dalian's Japanese and Russian architectural heritage. He also worked as the former Minister of Commerce of China. Since 2007 Dalian has hosted the Annual Meeting of the New Champions ("Summer Davos"), organized by the World Economic Forum , in alternating years with Tianjin . The venue for the forum is the Dalian International Conference Center in Donggang CBD. In 2008 about 1,000 people protested and blocked traffic as
6272-434: The country for use elsewhere. For maintenance and backup purpose, the Kereta Cepat Indonesia China (KCIC) operated a single DF4D, numbered CC207 23 01. Under the Indonesian railway nomenclature, the DF4 operated by KCIC was classified as CC207 class. Dalian Dalian ( / d ɑː ˈ l j ɛ n / dah- LYEN ) is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province , People's Republic of China , and
6370-446: The delivered locomotives were painted in standard North Korean livery (which is light blue over green) and they still bear the same livery as in previous service, except the former German ones, which were given a different, green livery. Those units acquired from Germany are numbered in the 내연7xx (Naeyŏn 7xx) series, while those acquired from Poland and Slovakia are numbered in the 내연8xx (Naeyŏn 8xx) series. Locomotive Naeyŏn 602 has
6468-439: The designation V 200 , while later reclassifying those units as BR 120 . After the reunification of Germany and subsequent merger of the Deutsche Reichsbahn into the Bundesbahn the class designation was changed to BR 220 for the Deutsche Bundesbahn , as the original class number was already in use for the electric BR 120 , and class designation ranges 100-199 were reserved for electric locomotives under
6566-431: The development of the type. The first few prototypes of this heavy freight locomotive were ready in 1964 and the first buyer outside the Soviet Union was Hungary. A total number of 723 units were produced in the Soviet Union. Between 1970 and 1976 the Soviet Union Railway (SZhD) received 723 M62 engines, further 13 M62U units have been delivered between 1989 and 1990. These engines were single 3M62U sections. For
6664-442: The environmental effects of economic growth are of concern, according to Dalian Environmental Protection Agency, during the first half of 2011, respirable particles in the air increased significantly, with an average 40% higher than 2010. The water quality of offshore marine space remained stable overall. The annual average content of monitoring indicators for water quality met Class-II of the National Seawater Quality Standard, with
6762-504: The era were heated with individual per-coach drum fireplaces). In cold times a dedicated heating wagon had to be added to MÁV's M62-drawn trains, producing steam from oil-fired boilers (1960-70s era), later on generating electricity for electric heating (1980s era). This proved to be a costly solution, in contrast to the M61 NOHAB, which could produce 750 kg of steam per hour using an internal water tank and engine waste heat, with minimal effects on fuel consumption. This locomotive has
6860-525: The exception of Inorganic Nitrogen in Dalian Bay and the city's southern coast. The water quality of drinking water sources is considered good and complies with Class-III of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. Recent events have had a major environmental impact on the city. In July 2010, the explosion of two petroleum pipelines released 11,000 barrels of oil into the Yellow Sea , according to official statements. Rick Steiner, an American marine conservationist working with Greenpeace , says that
6958-414: The farmers and fishers of Shandong , across the Yellow Sea during the Chuang Guandong era. Even before and during the Second Sino-Japanese War , the shipbuilding and locomotives industries were located in the city such as the companies which later became Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company and Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works (DLoco) . After the WWII, Dalian became an important center of
7056-405: The figure could be upwards of 400,000. It was reported as the largest oil spill to occur in China, and involved 2,000 firefighters. The oil spill stretched for at least 50 square kilometers (19 sq mi). 800 fishing boats were mobilized for the cleanup. The incident caused President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao to intervene, and Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang moved in to help direct
7154-630: The heavy and light industries, including companies such as Dalian Heavy Industry Co., Dalian Chemical Group, and Wafangdian Bearing Co.; and of the distribution industry, such as the Dashang Group . Dalian Port is an important port for international trade. It has established trading and shipping links with more than 300 ports in 160 countries and regions of the world. There are over 100 international and domestic container shipping routes. A harbor for oil tankers (the largest by tonnage in China), at
7252-478: The industry). One of the locomotives (ST44-1500 – producer's designation M63) had newer bogies and traction engines, allowing it to reach a higher top speed. The broad-gauge units, numbered from 2001 to 2068, imported to run on the LHS , were equipped with an automatic coupling system. There were several reasons for importing M62 locomotives to Poland, and today's views on this decision are quite ambiguous. The locomotive
7350-411: The nicknames "Remot-Szergej" for remotorized Szergej , "Csendes" meaning quiet , as well as "Csörgős" because of the rattling sound made by the engine. Between 1970 and 1978, MÁV purchased 15 locomotives M62.5 with bogies for the Russian 1,524 mm ( 5 ft ) broad gauge. Three more M62.5 have been rebuilt from standard gauge M62. The broad-gauge engines are used for operation near Zahony in
7448-650: The north and to Dandong to the east, Dalian has been an important distribution center. Dalian has been given many benefits by the Chinese government, including the title of "open-city" (1984), which allows it to receive considerable foreign investment (see Special Economic Zone ). The Development Zone was established in Jinzhou District, to which many Japanese companies, such as Canon , Mitsubishi Electric , Nidec , Sanyo Electric and Toshiba , followed by South Korean, American and European companies (such as Pfizer ). In 2007, Intel announced plans to build
7546-484: The northern coast of Dalian Bay became the small town of Qingniwa ( 青泥洼 ) or Qingniwaqiao ( 青泥洼桥 ), near what became the downtown core of modern-day Dalian. The British briefly occupied Qingniwa during the Second Opium War in 1858, but returned it to Chinese (Qing) control in 1860. Port Arthur at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula took its English name from Royal Navy Lieutenant William Arthur , though
7644-665: The original Port Arthur, now the city's Lüshunkou district . In 2016, Dalian ranked 48th in the Global Financial Centres Index . In 2012, Dalian ranked 82nd in the Global City Competitiveness Index . In 2006, Dalian was named China's most livable city by China Daily . It is now a " Beta - Global City " according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The large amount of port traffic makes Dalian
7742-520: The original, very outdated two-stroke Kolomna 14D40 power plants with a modern, more efficient engine was started in 1997, with the first locomotive, M62 301 debuting in early 2001. M62 301, 303 and 304 received MTU , the rest Caterpillar power plants. The program also included a thorough overhaul of the locomotives, including fitting better equipment for the driver, air conditioning, improved electrical system, etc. The 34 remotorized locomotives (M62 301–335) have been renamed M62.3 and received
7840-529: The period of Wei Jin (220–420), San Shanpu in the Tang dynasty (618–907), Sanshan Seaport in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and Qingniwakou during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). In the 1880s, Jinzhou, the north of downtown Dalian, now Jinzhou District , was a walled town and a center for political intrigue and economic activity. The Qing government built bridges and heavily fortified the peninsula. Mining camps on
7938-639: The potential to develop ice-free ports . The Russians built a modern commercial port city, which they wanted to become the Paris of the Far East, and called it Dal'niy (Russian: Дальний ). Linked by 1902 with the Trans-Siberian Railway via the branch line Chinese Eastern Railway through Harbin , Dal'niy became Russia's primary port-city in Asia while also serving Western traders. Russia signed
8036-593: The rescue work. A researcher with the China Environmental Science Research Institute, said that "the impact on marine life and on humans – as the pollution enters the food chain – could last 10 years." This has compounded aquatic pollution, affecting the city's fishing industry. M62 locomotive The M62 is a Soviet -built diesel locomotive for heavy freight trains, exported to many Eastern Bloc countries as well as to Cuba , North Korea and Mongolia . Beside
8134-585: The same 16V240ZJD as the Chinese DF4D, producing 2,940 kW (3,940 hp) and have a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). They are painted in the standard light blue over dark green, but their numbers are not known. Between 2006 and 2008, three batches of refurbished second-hand DF4 ("DF4A") and DF4B were delivered to North Korea . These are numbered in the 내연200 series (내연 = Naeyŏn , "internal combustion") and are in service for passenger and freight trains all over North Korea; many are assigned to
8232-470: The single locomotive M62 also twin versions 2M62 and three-section versions 3M62 have been built. A total number of 7,164 single sections have been produced, which have been used to build 5,231 single-, twin- and three-section locomotives. According to the Comecon directives production of heavy diesel locomotives among Eastern Bloc countries was left exclusively to Romania and the Soviet Union. The M62
8330-578: The single tracked Trans-Siberian Railway and Manchurian Railway between Dalniy and Port Arthur. After the Imperial Japanese Navy crippled the remaining Russian battleship Sevastopol in three weeks of constant attacks, and explosives detonated in tunnels destroyed Port Arthur's remaining defenses in the final days of 1904, Russia negotiated a ceasefire and surrendered Port Arthur in January 1905. The Treaty of Portsmouth (signed 5 September 1905) ceded Port Arthur to Japan, which set up
8428-495: The smaller Lüshunkou (formerly Lüshun city, known in Western and Russian historic references as Port Arthur), about forty nautical miles (74 kilometers; 46 miles) farther along the Liaodong Peninsula . Historical references note that the Russian designed city of Dalniy (Alt. Dalney), on the south side of Dalian Bay was 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Port Arthur/Lüshun (known today as Lüshunkou or literally, Lüshun Port). Dalian
8526-526: The terminus of an oil pipeline from the Daqing oilfields , was completed in 1976. Dalian is the 6th largest port in China; and according to AAPA world port ranking data, Dalian is the 8th busiest port in the world by cargo tonnage in 2012, and the 12th busiest container port in the world by total number of TEUs handled in 2013. Accordingly, Dalian is a major center for oil refineries , diesel engineering, and chemical production. Also completed in 1993
8624-504: The time was not able to produce such a locomotive, so a decision was made to import a large number of M62 locomotives from the Soviet Union, which were already imported by Hungarian MÁV . In Poland those machines received ST44 designation During first-revision repairs all locomotives had front lights changed from small ones into standard, Polish large types. The decision is said to have been made after Poland had started to import ST43 locomotives from Romania and probably came directly from
8722-608: The tracks has resulted in Polish State Railways reducing the use of the class. In 2007 many of them still remain in service with PKP for freight use, although most of them have now been stored. Some routes (e.g. Gdynia – Hel line) forbid the running of the ST44 class because this class's excessive weight causes serious damage to lightly built track work. The locomotives that are still in use in large numbers, are owned and operated by private railroad companies, as well as
8820-512: The trade zone as two cities: the northern Dairen (Dalian) and the southern Ryojun (Lüshun or Port Arthur). With the unconditional surrender of Japan in August–September 1945, Dairen passed to the Soviets , whose Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation had liberated the city on 22 August 1945. The Soviets and Chinese Communists cooperated to develop the city, relatively undamaged during
8918-548: The war, especially its industrial infrastructure and the port. The Soviet government rented the port and in 1945 the first Chinese Communist mayor of the new Lüda Administrative Office ( 旅大行政公署 ) was appointed. In 1950 the USSR presented the city to the Chinese Communist government without any compensation. Dalian and Lüshun (former Port Arthur) merged as Lüda on 1 December 1950. From 12 March 1953 to 1 August 1954 it
9016-586: Was a direct-controlled municipality and not part of Liaoning. Soviet troops left the city in 1955. After the Soviets left, the PRC made Lüda a major shipbuilding center. In 1981 the city was renamed Dalian, with Lüshunkou becoming a constituent district. In 1984 the Chinese Government designated the city a Special Economic Zone . At the time, Dalian was China's largest foreign-trade port. The city
9114-599: Was developed by the Vorohsilovgrad Locomotive Factory (today: Luhansk Locomotive Factory) on order of Hungary. The M62 designation originates from the Hungarian order, as the Hungarian railways previously ordered Swedish locomotives called M61 in Hungary. The Soviets disliked this and forced Hungary to buy Soviet locomotives, but the USSR did not have suitable diesel locomotives at the time, spurring
9212-454: Was more powerful than even the strongest of the Polish steam locomotives used for freight transport in those days, but it could not haul passenger trains due to it being not equipped to provide heating or power to carriages, it also caused extensive damage to railway tracks. Another important disadvantage of the M62 is its very high fuel consumption. The advantages of this machine though are
9310-783: Was often painted orange. The DF4D, the most recent DF4 revision, has been produced since 1996 with the 16V240ZJD engine. The passenger versions increased top speed to 145 km/h (90 mph) or 170 km/h (110 mph). The freight version comes in a different color scheme than the previous DF4Ds, namely green (7000 Series) and later light blue (4000 Series) and yellow. The green version sat on radial bogies but later converted to standard bogies. Their top speed to 100 km/h (62 mph). DF4D-7000 series are configured with shorter hull compared to standard DF4D series. The DF4DJ, originally DF4DAC, of which only 2 were built had AC drive technology supplied by Siemens . They were China's first AC drive diesel locomotive. A road switcher version of
9408-1312: Was one of the three cities named "China's best tourist city", along with Hangzhou and Chengdu , recognized by the National Tourism Administration and the United Nations World Tourism Organization . There are various hot spring hotels in Dalian. Notable ones include Laotieshan Hot Spring Hotel in Lüshunkou District, Tang Dynasty Hot Spring Resort in Jinshitan, Minghu Hot Spring Hotel in Wafangdian, Chengyuan Hot Spring Villa in Ganjingzi District, and Tianmu Hot Spring Hotel in Lüshunkou District. Skiing has become increasingly popular in Dalian. Famous ski resorts are Linhai Ski Resort in Ganjingzi District, Anbo Ski Resort in Pulandian District, Minghu Ski Resort & Minghu International Skiing Holiday Village in Wafangdian, and Dalian Happy Snow World in Ganjingzi District near
9506-455: Was supposed to replace the DF4B as the main diesel locomotive in China and comes with several improvements, including a new engine revision (16240ZJC). The first DF4C was produced in 1985 and batch production started four years later, in 1989, and lasted until roughly the end of the 20th century. The first two DF4C (4001 and 4002) produced in 1985 continued the use of the DF4B hull. A new hull design
9604-452: Was upgraded from a prefecture-level city to a sub-provincial city in May 1994, with no change in its administrative subdivisions. In the 1990s the city benefited from the attention of Bo Xilai (later Party secretary of Chongqing ). Bo served both as the mayor of the city and as one of the major leaders in the province; among other things, he banned motorcycles and planted large, lush parks in
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