79-527: Digea is a Greek network operator that provides a digital terrestrial television system in Greece for seven nationwide free-to-air channels ( Alpha TV , Alter Channel , ANT1 , Makedonia TV , Mega Channel , Skai TV and Star Channel ). In addition to these free-to-air nationwide stations, the network is open to any other station choosing to use its services. The name Digea is a word play in Greek: composed of
158-531: A H.264 encoder/decoder a codec shortly thereafter ("open-source our H.264 codec"). A video coding format does not dictate all algorithms used by a codec implementing the format. For example, a large part of how video compression typically works is by finding similarities between video frames (block-matching) and then achieving compression by copying previously-coded similar subimages (such as macroblocks ) and adding small differences when necessary. Finding optimal combinations of such predictors and differences
237-456: A digital TV box to engage the audience to switch to digital television viewing while watching TV5 and One Sports and later RPTV . Singapore adopted the DVB-T2 standard in 2012, with monopoly Free-to-air broadcaster Mediacorp offering all seven of its services via DTT in 2013. Mediacorp ended analogue television service shortly after midnight on 2 January 2019. Sri Lanka has chosen
316-406: A fast DCT algorithm with C.H. Smith and S.C. Fralick in 1977, and founded Compression Labs to commercialize DCT technology. In 1979, Anil K. Jain and Jaswant R. Jain further developed motion-compensated DCT video compression. This led to Chen developing a practical video compression algorithm, called motion-compensated DCT or adaptive scene coding, in 1981. Motion-compensated DCT later became
395-520: A given video coding format from/to uncompressed video are implementations of those specifications. As an analogy, the video coding format H.264 (specification) is to the codec OpenH264 (specific implementation) what the C Programming Language (specification) is to the compiler GCC (specific implementation). Note that for each specification (e.g., H.264 ), there can be many codecs implementing that specification (e.g., x264 , OpenH264, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC products and implementations ). This distinction
474-416: A lot more computing power than editing intraframe compressed video with the same picture quality. But, this compression is not very effective to use for any audio format. A video coding format can define optional restrictions to encoded video, called profiles and levels. It is possible to have a decoder which only supports decoding a subset of profiles and levels of a given video format, for example to make
553-556: A much more efficient form of compression for video coding. The CCITT received 14 proposals for DCT-based video compression formats, in contrast to a single proposal based on vector quantization (VQ) compression. The H.261 standard was developed based on motion-compensated DCT compression. H.261 was the first practical video coding standard, and uses patents licensed from a number of companies, including Hitachi , PictureTel , NTT , BT , and Toshiba , among others. Since H.261, motion-compensated DCT compression has been adopted by all
632-495: A new official mascot, Chidejika , to replace Tsuyoshi Kusanagi after he was arrested on suspicion of public indecency. On 3 September 2009, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications announced the procurement by tender of 5,000-8,000 sets of "simplified DTT tuners " with remote control for the citywide test transition from analogue to digital in Suzu, Ishikawa . The sets should be delivered by end November 2009. The program
711-521: A new service level agreement providing The Second Authority with a high level of local services to keep its currently operating DTV transmission equipment running 24/7, 365 days a year. The Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and DPA (The Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting-Japan) jointly set the specification and announced a guideline for "simplified DTT tuners " with price under 5,000 Japanese yen on 25 December 2007. MIAC officially solicited manufacturers to put it on
790-407: A number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Panasonic . The most widely used video coding format as of 2019 is H.264/MPEG-4 AVC . It was developed in 2003, and uses patents licensed from a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic, Godo Kaisha IP Bridge and LG Electronics . In contrast to the standard DCT used by its predecessors, AVC uses the integer DCT . H.264 is one of
869-490: A particular video coding format is normally bundled with an audio stream (encoded using an audio coding format ) inside a multimedia container format such as AVI , MP4 , FLV , RealMedia , or Matroska . As such, the user normally does not have a H.264 file, but instead has a video file , which is an MP4 container of H.264-encoded video, normally alongside AAC -encoded audio. Multimedia container formats can contain one of several different video coding formats; for example,
SECTION 10
#1732797852223948-499: A patent lawsuit due to submarine patents . The motivation behind many recently designed video coding formats such as Theora , VP8 , and VP9 have been to create a ( libre ) video coding standard covered only by royalty-free patents. Patent status has also been a major point of contention for the choice of which video formats the mainstream web browsers will support inside the HTML video tag. The current-generation video coding format
1027-557: A reservation basis from late April, appearing in retail store in mid-May 2008. On 8 May 2008, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications announced that 43.7% of homes had DTT ( ISDB-T ) capable TVs and/or tuners with DVD recorder by end of March 2008. It had been 27.8% one year before, and the ministry was expecting 100% penetration by April 2011. On 27 April 2009, National Association of Commercial Broadcasters in Japan (NAB)
1106-435: A specific video coding format is called a video codec . Some video coding formats are documented by a detailed technical specification document known as a video coding specification . Some such specifications are written and approved by standardization organizations as technical standards , and are thus known as a video coding standard . There are de facto standards and formal standards. Video content encoded using
1185-407: A three-year service agreement for the global transmission system. Sixty-three high and medium-power transmitters from Thomson's GreenPower range have been ordered together with installation and commissioning services, in a deal that follows on from the company's earlier deployment of DVB-T multiplexes over thirty transmission and sixty-two repeater sites. Equipped with dualcast-ready digital exciters,
1264-571: Is COFDM , with either 64 or 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). In general, 64QAM is capable of transmitting at a greater bit rate, but it is more susceptible to interference. 16 and 64QAM constellations can be combined in a single multiplex, providing a controllable degradation for more important program streams . This is called hierarchical modulation . DVB-T (and even more so DVB-T2) are tolerant of multipath distortion and are designed to work in single-frequency networks. Developments in video compression have resulted in improvements on
1343-472: Is Channel 49 of the religious group Iglesia ni Cristo . However, in October 2012, DZCE-TV (which occupies the channel) reopened the analog signal to relaunch as INC TV; therefore, channel 49 can only transmit digitally during off-air hours of the analog channel 49. This was followed by the state-owned television network PTV which conducted its test transmission on UHF Channel 48. On 11 February 2015,
1422-454: Is HEVC (H.265), introduced in 2013. AVC uses the integer DCT with 4x4 and 8x8 block sizes, and HEVC uses integer DCT and DST transforms with varied block sizes between 4x4 and 32x32. HEVC is heavily patented, mostly by Samsung Electronics , GE , NTT , and JVCKenwood . It is challenged by the AV1 format, intended for free license. As of 2019 , AVC is by far the most commonly used format for
1501-412: Is a form of lossless video used in some circumstances such as when sending video to a display over a HDMI connection. Some high-end cameras can also capture video directly in this format. Interframe compression complicates editing of an encoded video sequence. One subclass of relatively simple video coding formats are the intra-frame video formats, such as DV , in which each frame of the video stream
1580-504: Is aiming to examine the transition problem at individuals' home in country wide such as senior and non-technical families. Based on this rehearsal plan, analog TV transmission was interrupted in Suzu and parts of Noto for 48 hours, between noon on 2010/01/22 and noon on 2010/01/24. On 4 September 2009, ÆON announced the low cost "simplified DTT tuners " with remote control for ISDB-T to sell at JUSCO from 19 September 2009. The tuner
1659-466: Is also possible that MCOT may be planning to switch to DVB-T2 some time in the future to replace DVB-T . The Switch-off Date has been planned for 2020. (Only for Channel 3 (Thailand) ) For now, five analogue channels has been off-air since 16 June 2018 ( Thai Public Broadcasting Service and Channel 7 (Thailand) ), 21 June ( Channel 5 (Thailand) ) and 16 July ( Channel 9 MCOT HD and NBT) Australia uses DVB-T . The transition to digital television and
SECTION 20
#17327978522231738-458: Is an NP-hard problem, meaning that it is practically impossible to find an optimal solution. Though the video coding format must support such compression across frames in the bitstream format, by not needlessly mandating specific algorithms for finding such block-matches and other encoding steps, the codecs implementing the video coding specification have some freedom to optimize and innovate in their choice of algorithms. For example, section 0.5 of
1817-518: Is compressed independently without referring to other frames in the stream, and no attempt is made to take advantage of correlations between successive pictures over time for better compression. One example is Motion JPEG , which is simply a sequence of individually JPEG -compressed images. This approach is quick and simple, at the expense of the encoded video being much larger than a video coding format supporting Inter frame coding. Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if
1896-590: Is expected to receive up to 19 channels, seven of which fall under MCOT and the rest for private broadcasters such as BEC-TERO which owns its channels such as TV3 . Thus far, besides simulcasting Modernine TV and Television of Thailand , MCOT is test-airing MCOT 1, MCOT 2 and MCOT 3 exclusively on the digital TV platform, transmitted at UHF channel 44, modulated at 64QAM . MCOT was also expected to launch regional channels for each province and/or territory in Thailand, making it 80 MCOT television channels. BEC-TERO
1975-442: Is not consistently reflected terminologically in the literature. The H.264 specification calls H.261 , H.262 , H.263 , and H.264 video coding standards and does not contain the word codec . The Alliance for Open Media clearly distinguishes between the AV1 video coding format and the accompanying codec they are developing, but calls the video coding format itself a video codec specification . The VP9 specification calls
2054-883: Is produced by Pixela Corporation , and met the retail price of under 5,000 Japanese yen , which is the target price to industry by DPA ( Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting ( dejitaru housou suishin kyōkai ) ). The tuner connects to an old fashioned TV though an RCA connector with SDTV quality and some other minimal functions. On 7 September 2009, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications appointed two manufacturers I-O Data and Melco among 12 bids for minimal functioning "simplified DTT tuners " with remote control for ISDB-T of free supply to Japanese Temporary Assistance for Needy Families . Tuner connects to old fashion TV though RCA connector with SDTV quality and some other minimal function. On 24 July 2010, at noon, analog TV transmission officially stopped in Suzu and parts of Noto (approximately 8,800 homes) as
2133-414: Is received either via a digital set-top box (STB), TV gateway , or more usually now, an integrated tuner in a television set , that operates on the signal received via a television antenna . These devices often now include digital video recorder (DVR) functionality. Due to frequency planning issues, an aerial capable of receiving different channel groups, like a wideband antenna, may be required if
2212-547: Is that, with intraframe systems, each frame uses a similar amount of data. In most interframe systems, certain frames (such as I-frames in MPEG-2 ) are not allowed to copy data from other frames, so they require much more data than other frames nearby. It is possible to build a computer-based video editor that spots problems caused when I frames are edited out while other frames need them. This has allowed newer formats like HDV to be used for editing. However, this process demands
2291-580: The ATSC standard with 8VSB modulation, which has similar characteristics to the vestigial sideband modulation used for analog television. This provides considerably more immunity to interference, but it is not immune to multipath distortion, and also does not provide for single-frequency network operation (which is in any case not a requirement in the United States). The modulation method used in DVB-T
2370-461: The temporal dimension . DCT coding is a lossy block compression transform coding technique that was first proposed by Nasir Ahmed , who initially intended it for image compression , while he was working at Kansas State University in 1972. It was then developed into a practical image compression algorithm by Ahmed with T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao at the University of Texas in 1973, and
2449-438: The temporal dimension . In 1967, University of London researchers A.H. Robinson and C. Cherry proposed run-length encoding (RLE), a lossless compression scheme, to reduce the transmission bandwidth of analog television signals. The earliest digital video coding algorithms were either for uncompressed video or used lossless compression , both methods inefficient and impractical for digital video coding. Digital video
Digea - Misplaced Pages Continue
2528-562: The "Dubbing 10" rules, and some manufacturers announced plans for create firmware downloads to allow users to update their existing recorders. On 3 April 2008, DPA announced that a total of 32.71 million of DTT ( ISDB-T ) TV sets capable of DTT reception (excepting 1seg receivers) had been installed in Japan as of the end of March 2008. On 8 April 2008, DPA also announced guidelines for manufacturers of DTT receiving, record and replay unit which operate with personal computers. These add-on units operate on USB or PCI BUS , and went on sale on
2607-721: The 70th anniversary of GMA Network released their newest product, GMA Affordabox , a digital TV box to engage the audience to switch to digital television viewing while watching GMA and GMA News TV . Before the launch of the said TV box, the network released two new sub-channels, the Heart of Asia Channel (launched in June 2020 featuring GMA's acquired Asian dramas and locally produced dramas) and Hallypop (which airs acquired programs from Jungo TV featuring Asian pop culture and international music events.) On 10 September 2021, TV5 Network, Inc. formally launched its newest product, Sulit TV ,
2686-478: The DCT and the fast Fourier transform (FFT), developing inter-frame hybrid coders for them, and found that the DCT is the most efficient due to its reduced complexity, capable of compressing image data down to 0.25- bit per pixel for a videotelephone scene with image quality comparable to a typical intra-frame coder requiring 2-bit per pixel. The DCT was applied to video encoding by Wen-Hsiung Chen, who developed
2765-616: The DVB-T system for digital television in July 1999. The first DVB-T transmission was started on 26 January 2003 in the four major metropolitan cities by Doordarshan . Currently the terrestrial transmission is available in both digital and analog formats. Four high-power DVB-T transmitters were set up in the top 4 cities, which were later upgraded to DVB-T2 + MPEG-4 and DVB-H standards. An additional 190 high-power and 400 low-power DVB-T2 transmitters have been approved for Tier I, II, and III cities of
2844-575: The GS Group. The service is called RealVU . It was done in partnership with Beximco . GS Group acts as a supplier and integrator of its in-house hardware and software solutions for the operator's functioning in accordance with the modern standards of digital television. RealVu provides more than 100 TV channels in SD and HD quality. The digital TV set-top boxes developed by GS Group offer such functions as PVR and time-shift, along with an EPG. India adopted
2923-466: The GreenPower range offers the ability to smoothly migrate from DVB-T to DVB-T2 and to easily offer additional HDTV content. Ranging from low- to high-power, the range covers all the power requirements of The Second Authority. Thomson will also deploy its user-friendly centralized Network Management System to control and monitor the overall transmission system from a single facility. The deal includes
3002-538: The H.264 specification says that encoding algorithms are not part of the specification. Free choice of algorithm also allows different space–time complexity trade-offs for the same video coding format, so a live feed can use a fast but space-inefficient algorithm, and a one-time DVD encoding for later mass production can trade long encoding-time for space-efficient encoding. The concept of analog video compression dates back to 1929, when R.D. Kell in Britain proposed
3081-670: The Japanese-Brazilian standard ISDB-Tb . In 2005, the Ministry of Information announced its plan to digitalise nationwide free-to-air TV broadcasts led by MCOT Public Company Limited (MCOT). Trial broadcasts were undertaken, involving one thousand households in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area from December 2000 until May 2001. According to the then-Deputy Minister of Information, the trial received "very positive" feedback, i.e. "more than 60 percent said
3160-511: The MP4 container format can contain video coding formats such as MPEG-2 Part 2 or H.264. Another example is the initial specification for the file type WebM , which specifies the container format (Matroska), but also exactly which video ( VP8 ) and audio ( Vorbis ) compression format is inside the Matroska container, even though Matroska is capable of containing VP9 video, and Opus audio support
3239-402: The ability to broadcast more channels than analog, better quality images, and potentially lower operating costs for broadcasters. Different countries have adopted different digital broadcasting standards. Some of the major ones are: Digital terrestrial television is transmitted using radio frequencies through terrestrial space in the same way as the former analog television systems, with
Digea - Misplaced Pages Continue
3318-638: The analog terrestrial TV close down schedule on 24 July 2011 will be unchanged, with the exception being the close down having to be postponed by a maximum one year. Analog television shut down on 31 March 2012, in Iwate , Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures, which were heavily damaged in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and the nuclear accidents that followed it . Analog television stations are required to cease normal programming at noon and shut down their signals at midnight. Digital television in Malaysia
3397-422: The bandwidth available in the 2000s. Practical video compression emerged with the development of motion-compensated DCT (MC DCT) coding, also called block motion compensation (BMC) or DCT motion compensation. This is a hybrid coding algorithm, which combines two key data compression techniques: discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding in the spatial dimension , and predictive motion compensation in
3476-414: The company’s services. Digital terrestrial television Digital terrestrial television ( DTTV , DTT , or DTTB ) is a technology for terrestrial television , in which television stations broadcast television content in a digital format. Digital terrestrial television is a major technological advancement over analog television , and has largely replaced analog television broadcasting, which
3555-477: The concept of transmitting only the portions of the scene that changed from frame-to-frame. The concept of digital video compression dates back to 1952, when Bell Labs researchers B.M. Oliver and C.W. Harrison proposed the use of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) in video coding. In 1959, the concept of inter-frame motion compensation was proposed by NHK researchers Y. Taki, M. Hatori and S. Tanaka, who proposed predictive inter-frame video coding in
3634-633: The country by 2017. The Indian telecom regulator, TRAI, had recommended the I&;B to allow private broadcast companies to use the DTT technology, in 2005. So far, the Indian I&;B ministry only permits private broadcast companies to use satellite, cable, and IPTV-based systems. The government's broadcasting organisation Doordarshan started the free TV service over DVB-T2 to mobile phone users from 25 February onwards and extended it to cover 16 cities including
3713-422: The country on 6 June 2017 with an estimate of 4.2 million digital television decoders freely distributed to the country citizens, including recipients of the government aid of 1Malaysia People's Aid (BR1M). The government has planned for a full shutdown of analogue television broadcasting by September 2019 with a full introduction of digital television will be available to public by October. Langkawi become
3792-414: The decoder program/hardware smaller, simpler, or faster. A profile restricts which encoding techniques are allowed. For example, the H.264 format includes the profiles baseline , main and high (and others). While P-slices (which can be predicted based on preceding slices) are supported in all profiles, B-slices (which can be predicted based on both preceding and following slices) are supported in
3871-536: The digital signal multiplexes lie outside the reception capabilities of the originally installed aerial. Indoor aerials are more likely to be affected by these issues. Afghanistan officially launched digital transmissions in Kabul using DVB-T2/MPEG-4 on Sunday, 31 August 2014. Test transmissions had commenced on 4 UHF channels at the start of June 2014. Transmitters were provided by GatesAir. Bangladesh had its first DTT service DVB-T2/MPEG-4 on 28 April 2016 launched by
3950-515: The end of 2012. Eventually, there were no further moves in this direction (updated in August 2023). On 20 March 2013, it was announced that Thomson Broadcast had won a major contract with The Second Authority for Television and Radio for the extension of its nationwide DVB-T/DVB-T2 network. The Second Authority's order for new infrastructure includes two new multiplexes on thirty sites including three single-frequency areas. This major deal incorporates
4029-614: The first area of analogue television switch off that were executed on 21 July at 02:30 ( UTC+8 ). Further on 6 August, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Ministry released a complete list of transition date on the remaining areas with central and southern West Malaysia to be commenced on 19 August, northern West Malaysia on 2 September, eastern coast West Malaysia on 17 September and entire East Malaysia on 30 September. The switch over in West Malaysia
SECTION 50
#17327978522234108-774: The four metros from 5 April 2016. Israel started digital transmissions in MPEG-4 on Sunday, 2 August 2009, and analogue transmissions ended on 31 March 2011. Israel was the first nation in the Middle East and the first non-European nation to shut down its analogue TV distribution system. The new service which is operated by The Second Authority for Television and Radio in Israel currently offers 6 SD TV channels, 2 HD TV channels from IPBC - Israel Public Broadcasting Corporation ( Kan 11 and Makan 33) and 30 national and regional (private) radio services. According to government decisions,
4187-520: The initial application. Digital television transition began on 28 February 2017, with ZOE Broadcasting Network 's DZOZ-TV as the country's first station to permanently shut down analog terrestrial transmissions without any test simulcast with its digital signal, and is expected to be finished by 2023. On 25 May 2018, Solar Entertainment Corp began a new digital TV service called Easy TV where most of its channels are offered to consumers through Easy TV's proprietary set-top box. In October 2020, with
4266-451: The major TV network ABS-CBN commercially launched the digital TV box called ABS-CBN TV Plus also known as Mahiwagang Blackbox . Seven years before the commercial launch, the network initially applied for a license from NTC on digital free TV. The digital TV box was given away as a prize for the loyal viewers and listeners of ABS-CBN channel 2, DZMM (AM radio station of ABS-CBN) and DZMM TeleRadyo (TV-radio cable channel of ABS-CBN) after
4345-501: The major video coding standards (including the H.26x and MPEG formats) that followed. MPEG-1 , developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), followed in 1991, and it was designed to compress VHS -quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by MPEG-2 / H.262 , which was developed with patents licensed from a number of companies, primarily Sony , Thomson and Mitsubishi Electric . MPEG-2 became
4424-604: The market by the end of March 2010 (end of fiscal year 2009). MIAC is estimating that 14 million, at maximum, traditional non-digital TV sets remain and need the "simplified DTT tuner" to be adapted even after the complete transition to DTT after July 2011; it is aiming to avoid the disposal of large numbers of useless TV sets without such a tuner at one time. On 20 December 2007, the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association published rules for Digital Rights Management for DTT broadcasting under
4503-620: The name "Dubbing 10". Despite the name, consumers were allowed to use Blu-ray Disc and other recorders to " dub " or copy the video and audio of entire TV programs up to 9 times, with 1 final "move" permitted. Broadcasting with "Dubbing 10" was supposed to start at about 4:00 a.m. on 2 June 2008, but was postponed after lengthy talks with the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers . It finally started about 4:00 a.m. on 4 July 2008. The manufacturers of DVD and DTT recorders were to make units conforming to
4582-441: The original discrete cosine transform (DCT) based H.262 MPEG-2 video coding format , which has been surpassed by H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and more recently H.265 HEVC . H.264 enables three high-definition television services to be coded into a 24 Mbit/s DVB-T European terrestrial transmission channel. DVB-T2 increases this channel capacity to typically 40 Mbit/s, allowing even more services. Digital terrestrial television
4661-457: The original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Making cuts in intraframe-compressed video while video editing is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video: one finds the beginning and ending of each frame, and simply copies bit-for-bit each frame that one wants to keep, and discards the frames one does not want. Another difference between intraframe and interframe compression
4740-530: The phaseout of analogue television was completed on 10 December 2013. Video coding format A video coding format (or sometimes video compression format ) is a content representation format of digital video content, such as in a data file or bitstream . It typically uses a standardized video compression algorithm, most commonly based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding and motion compensation . A specific software, firmware , or hardware implementation capable of compression or decompression in
4819-406: The primary difference being the use of multiplex transmitters to allow reception of multiple services (TV, radio stations or data) on a single frequency (such as a UHF or VHF channel). The amount of data that can be transmitted (and therefore the number of channels) is directly affected by channel capacity and the modulation method of the transmission. North America and South Korea use
SECTION 60
#17327978522234898-417: The quality of the signal ranged from good to very good. Over 88 percent said the picture quality improved, while 70 percent said the sound quality was better." According to Information Minister, Sontaya Kunplome , MCOT is expected to fully complete its digitalization in 2012 as part of its three-year restructuring process. Each household, once equipped with the necessary equipment ( set-top box or iDTV set)
4977-514: The recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video developers, followed by HEVC which is used by 43% of developers. Consumer video is generally compressed using lossy video codecs , since that results in significantly smaller files than lossless compression. Some video coding formats designed explicitly for either lossy or lossless compression, and some video coding formats such as Dirac and H.264 support both. Uncompressed video formats, such as Clean HDMI ,
5056-478: The rehearsal plan that took place one year ahead of the nationwide shutdown, which is scheduled on 24 July 2011. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications shall watch what type of problem arise in transition to DTT which might apply to the nationwide shutdown. On 20 April 2011, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications confirmed, and made the resolution by the House of Councillors on 8 June 2011, that
5135-596: The specifications of the DTV set-top box for use within ASEAN, and also set up an ASEAN HD Centre to provide training on HDTV content to broadcasters in the region. Even though MCOT's trial was a success, the future of the digital terrestrial television transition has become uncertain, especially after the end of Somchai Wongsawat 's tenure as the prime minister and the beginning of successor Abhisit Vejjajiva 's reign in favor of his concept. In March 2011, MCOT announced that it
5214-532: The standard coding technique for video compression from the late 1980s onwards. The first digital video coding standard was H.120 , developed by the CCITT (now ITU-T) in 1984. H.120 was not usable in practice, as its performance was too poor. H.120 used motion-compensated DPCM coding, a lossless compression algorithm that was inefficient for video coding. During the late 1980s, a number of companies began experimenting with discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding,
5293-434: The standard video format for DVD and SD digital television . Its motion-compensated DCT algorithm was able to achieve a compression ratio of up to 100:1, enabling the development of digital media technologies such as video on demand (VOD) and high-definition television (HDTV). In 1999, it was followed by MPEG-4 / H.263 , which was a major leap forward for video compression technology. It uses patents licensed from
5372-415: The system will expand to include two additional multiplexes that will carry new channels and HD versions of the existing channels. There is a proposition by the Ministry of Finance to run a tender in order to hand over the maintenance of the system to a private company that, in return, will receive an extended license and will be able to offer pay TV channels. In this matter, nothing has been decided upon until
5451-475: The video coding format VP9 itself a codec . As an example of conflation, Chromium's and Mozilla's pages listing their video formats support both call video coding formats, such as H.264 codecs . As another example, in Cisco's announcement of a free-as-in-beer video codec, the press release refers to the H.264 video coding format as a codec ("choice of a common video codec"), but calls Cisco's implementation of
5530-640: The video encoding standards for Blu-ray Discs ; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from YouTube , Netflix , Vimeo , and the iTunes Store , web software such as the Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight , and also various HDTV broadcasts over terrestrial ( ATSC standards , ISDB-T , DVB-T or DVB-T2 ), cable ( DVB-C ), and satellite ( DVB-S2 ). A main problem for many video coding formats has been patents , making it expensive to use or potentially risking
5609-524: The words "Digital" and "Gaea" (the Greek name for Gaia , the ancient goddess who was the personification of the Earth), literally translated as "Digital Earth". It symbolizes a union of the digital era and the basis for life in our world. The company’s main area of activity is the provision of networking and multiplexing services, both to the above-mentioned shareholders as well as to any legal entity opting to use
5688-527: Was expected to commence trials in March 2009. Thailand and the rest of ASEAN countries (with the exception of the Philippines; see above) have selected DVB-T as the final DTV standard, and are expected to switch off analogue broadcasts completely by 2015. In June 2008, participants of the 6th ASEAN Digital Broadcast Meeting from seven south-east Asian countries (including Thailand) agreed to finalise
5767-471: Was first rolled out in January 2014. By June 2015, free digital television was provided by MYTV Broadcasting . In the first phase, there would be around 15 digital television stations nationwide with further stations will be added in the next phase. By November 2016, MYTV set top box also available for sale in electronics store nationwide. Malaysia government officiated the launching of digital television in
5846-613: Was fully completed on 16 October at 12:30 am (UTC+8), while the final switch over in East Malaysia was completed on 31 October also at 12:30 am (UTC+8) as scheduled. The Maldives has chosen the Japanese-Brazilian standard ISDB-Tb . On 11 June 2010, National Telecommunications Commission of the Philippines announced that the country will use the Japanese ISDB-T International standard. The first fully operational digital TV channel
5925-432: Was initially limited to intra-frame coding in the spatial dimension. In 1975, John A. Roese and Guner S. Robinson extended Habibi's hybrid coding algorithm to the temporal dimension, using transform coding in the spatial dimension and predictive coding in the temporal dimension, developing inter-frame motion-compensated hybrid coding. For the spatial transform coding, they experimented with different transforms, including
6004-446: Was introduced in the 1970s, initially using uncompressed pulse-code modulation (PCM), requiring high bitrates around 45–200 Mbit/s for standard-definition (SD) video, which was up to 2,000 times greater than the telecommunication bandwidth (up to 100 kbit/s ) available until the 1990s. Similarly, uncompressed high-definition (HD) 1080p video requires bitrates exceeding 1 Gbit/s , significantly greater than
6083-460: Was later added to the WebM specification. A format is the layout plan for data produced or consumed by a codec . Although video coding formats such as H.264 are sometimes referred to as codecs , there is a clear conceptual difference between a specification and its implementations. Video coding formats are described in specifications, and software, firmware , or hardware to encode/decode data in
6162-401: Was previously in common use since the middle of the 20th century. Test broadcasts began in 1998, and the changeover to digital television began in 2006 and is now complete in many countries. The advantages of digital terrestrial television are similar to those obtained by digitizing platforms such as cable TV, satellite, and telecommunications: more efficient use of radio spectrum bandwidth,
6241-426: Was published in 1974. The other key development was motion-compensated hybrid coding. In 1974, Ali Habibi at the University of Southern California introduced hybrid coding, which combines predictive coding with transform coding. He examined several transform coding techniques, including the DCT, Hadamard transform , Fourier transform , slant transform, and Karhunen-Loeve transform . However, his algorithm
#222777