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53-550: The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction ( 世界一流大学和一流学科建设 ), together known as Double First-Class Construction ( 双一流建设 ), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated in 2015. There are 147 universities and colleges selected to be part of the program. The program was initiated by the Xi Jinping administration in 2015 to replace

106-582: A foreign language, and administers international collaboration partnerships and the university's overseas Confucius Institutes. Guangxi University has 26 colleges and schools: Guangxi University is consistently ranked the best in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , one of the highly ranked universities in the South China region outside Guangdong Province , and among the top 100 nationwide. As of 2023, Guangxi University

159-401: A large student body, and extensive materials, Guangxi University was called upon to sacrifice a significant portion of its resources in support of this national project. In the reallocation, a large portion of Guangxi University faculty, students, and equipment were sent away to 19 newly created institutions across central and southwestern China. The university underwent significant downsizing as

212-544: A new era" was formally launched at the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party having gradually been developed since 2012, when Xi became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party . In his political discourse, Xi incorporates historical examples and themes. He describes history as "the best teacher" and "the best textbook". Especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, Xi encourages

265-644: A new university in Guangxi with the aim of serving ethnic minority groups. In December 2006, Guangxi University and Suan Dusit University  [ th ] co-founded the Confucius Institute in Suphanburi , Thailand. In September 2007, Guangxi University established the School of International Education, which enrolls and manages international students in university programs, teaches Chinese as

318-460: A number of education reforms. Schools are required to adjust their opening hours to be consistent with work hours in their area so that parents can pick-up their children directly after work (in order to reduce reliance on private classes for adult supervision after school hours). Schools must also promote health by requiring outdoor physical education classes daily and providing eye examinations twice per term. Educational reforms have also limited

371-503: A result, the university was renamed National Guangxi University. The 40s and 50s would prove to be a difficult period of "great contributions and sacrifices" made by the newly named university, while also establishing its modern identity and impact as a contributor to the effort to establish higher education in central and southwestern China. By the mid-1940s, the Second Sino-Japanese War , which had begun in 1931 with

424-551: A result. On October 17, 1953, a total of 53 professors across the departments of history, foreign language, physics, chemistry, and mathematics, as well as 256 professors and instructors of the College of Teacher Education were separated from the university to form the new Guangxi Teacher's College (now Guangxi Normal University ). Subsequently, the majority of academic departments at Guangxi University were relocated. The university gave up its mechanical engineering department, which

477-476: A role it would retain during the education reorganization of the 1950s. In 1936 Guangxi University relocated to a campus in the city of Guilin . There, the university established an Institute of Botany, several agricultural research facilities, and its Economic Research Institute. In 1939, the Nationalist government expanded the university, adding several faculties including engineering and agriculture. As

530-542: A series of rules designed to shutdown the private tutoring sector. The government's rationale was that rising educational costs were antithetical to the goals of common prosperity . Shutting down private tutoring was intended to narrow the education gap between rich and poor. Rules issued in July 2021 prohibits new registration of private tuition tutoring centers and required existing centers to re-organize as non-profits. Tuition centers are prohibited from being listed on

583-1415: A total of 147 universities have been approved and recognized as Double First-Class Construction Universities. * represent the newly added universities in the Phase 2 list of Double First-Class Construction. According to the 'Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class Construction Initiative' jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission in February 2022, 15 universities received warnings on their Double First-Class status revocation (including Anhui University , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Central China Normal University , Guangxi University , Inner Mongolia University , Liaoning University , Ningbo University , Ningxia University , Northeast Normal University , Shanghai University of Finance and Economics , Tibet University , Third Military Medical University , Xinjiang University , Yanbian University , and Zhongnan University of Economics and Law ). These 15 universities were required to rectify and improve their research qualities and development, and if

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636-652: Is affiliated with the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and co-funded by the regional government and the Ministry of Education . The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction . The university helped pioneer higher education in central and southwestern China, where its faculty, students, and resources contributed to the creation of over 20 universities and academic departments during

689-458: Is often described as an authoritarian leader by political and academic observers, while his tenure has included an increase of censorship and mass surveillance , deterioration in human rights , including the internment of a million Uyghurs in Xinjiang (which some observers have described as part of a genocide ), a cult of personality developing around Xi, and the removal of term limits for

742-892: The Belt and Road Initiative . In foreign policy, Xi emphasizes the Community of Common Destiny . He seeks to increase China's ability to shape international norms in emerging policy areas (described as "new frontiers") like space and the internet, where China can position itself as an early entrant. Xi also seeks to increase China's discourse power, which he frames as China's "right to speak." Xi Jinping has set three overarching goals for China's economy. First, to increase China's capacity for innovation so that it will be able to more actively shape global economic rules. Second, to enhance order and security in China's domestic market. Third, creating common prosperity and increasing wealth distribution to

795-531: The Confucian saying, "If you do not want to have it yourself, you should not want to impose it on others." In his discourse on the community of shared future, Xi cites the third century scholar Chen Shou 's saying that "delicious soup is made by combining different ingredients." Guangxi University Guangxi University ( 广西大学 ) is a provincial public university in Nanning , Guangxi , China . It

848-462: The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in northeast China, had reached southern China. In the summer of 1944, an imminent Japanese invasion of Guangxi forced National Guangxi University to evacuate its Guilin campus and move south to Rong County . The university began conducting classes out of eight conference halls. By November, the nearby city of Liuzhou had begun wartime preparations. The university

901-675: The Ministry of Education of China announced that the Project 211 and Project 985 had already been abolished and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction Initiative. In September 2017, the full list of the universities and their disciplines of the Double First-Class Construction was jointly published by the Ministry of Education of China, the Ministry of Finance of China and the National Development and Reform Commission of China . According to

954-658: The party and national constitutions . As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the PRC, Xi has centralized institutional power by taking on multiple positions, including new CCP committees on national security, economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the Internet. He and the CCP Central Committee passed a historical resolution in November 2021. His rule

1007-545: The "Some Suggestions on Further Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" were jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission. In addition, with the approval of the State Council of China, the updated Phase 2 list of "Double First-Class Construction Universities" has been released. According to

1060-627: The Central South Civil Engineering Institute (now Hunan University ). The department of mining and metallurgy was sent to Central South University . The agricultural departments were relocated to Hubei province and renamed the Huazhong Agricultural University . Both Wuhan University and Sun Yat-sen University split the personnel and resources of several departments. Having sacrificed the majority of its faculty and students,

1113-493: The Chinese people to develop "historical self-confidence". Xi includes ancient history in his political discourse, characterizing China as a "splendid civilization" and highlighting its five thousand years of history . He often cites the Four Great Inventions as a source of national pride and China's contribution to humanity. In his discourse for foreign audiences regarding China's peaceful rise , Xi quotes

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1166-513: The European Union as well as fifteen different Asia-Pacific countries. As of at least 2023, China is the world's largest exporter, a status it has maintained continuously since 2010. China's was the only major world economy to experience GDP growth in 2020, when its GDP increased by 2.3%. In 2021, China's GDP growth reached 8.1% (its highest in a decade) and its trade surplus reached an all-time high $ 687.5 billion. Xi has implemented

1219-706: The Guangxi Institute of Technology and the Guangxi University of Science and Technology. Ironically, the latter university was composed of former departments of engineering that had been split from Guangxi University two decades ago. The university absorbed the Guangxi Forestry College in 1962, which became the basis for a new college of agriculture within the university. In 1970, the Guangxi Labor University

1272-598: The Guangxi Provincial Medical College which became the Guangxi University School of Medicine. However, the authorities separated the university from its science and engineering faculties, which consolidated and became the independent Guangxi University of Science and Technology. Through these acquisitions and divestments, Guangxi University influenced the development of many institutions of higher education across Guangxi,

1325-555: The Guangxi provincial government began drafting plans to create Guangxi University. In the winter of 1927, the authorities invited scientist and educator Ma Junwu , a native of Guilin, Guangxi, to return to his homeland and help found the first modern university in the province. In October 1928, Guangxi University was established on Butterfly Mountain in the Hexi District of Wuzhou . University operations were briefly suspended from 1929 to 1931 due to armed conflict in Guangxi and

1378-589: The Internet, nuclear safety, anticorruption, and climate change. In his effort to build additional institutional capacity for foreign policy coordination, Xi Jinping created the National Security Commission (NSC), which absorbed the NSLG. The NSC's focus is holistic national security and it addresses both external and internal security matters. Xi introduced the holistic security concept in 2014, which he defined as taking "the security of

1431-744: The National Nanning Teacher's College merged into the university and became the Guangxi University College of Teacher Education. In 1951, the undergraduate programs of the provincial Xijiang College were absorbed. The university created the independent, but affiliated Guangxi Agricultural College in 1952. At the beginning of 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong personally inscribed the name "Guangxi University" in Chinese calligraphy . The university continues to use this name, and his calligraphy, today. The year 1953 marked

1484-577: The Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class Construction, the previous university classifications have been abolished, and a total number of 147 universities have been included in the plan (accounted for 4.88% of 3,012 Chinese higher education institutions), after 7 universities newly adding into the list since February 2022. The purpose of the program is to "enhance the comprehensive strength and international competitiveness of China's higher education." The phase-specific objectives include that "an increasing number of Chinese universities and their disciplines join

1537-500: The Xi Jinping administration, China has emphasized an economic strategy of dual circulation . First, it seeks to rely more on China's domestic consumers. Second, it seeks to innovate more domestically developed technology and thereby reduce China's reliance on western technology. By 2020, China became the largest trading partner of more than 120 countries. At the end of that year, China signed major free trade agreements with

1590-534: The absorption of Guangxi Agricultural University bolstering its key agricultural departments, Guangxi University entered the 21st century. In 2001, Guangxi University and the South China University of Technology , who had received the former university's chemical engineering department in 1953, entered into a counterpart agreement to support innovation at Guangxi University. In 2004, the Ministry of Education approved Guangxi University to establish

1643-414: The amount of homework students can be assigned. As part of Xi's 2021 directive on "double lessening" (reducing excessive off-campus tutoring and reducing homework burdens), schools may not assign homework to children to grades one and two, homework is limited to no more than 60 minutes for children in grades three to six, and no more than 90 minutes for middle school children. In July 2021, China enacted

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1696-455: The beginning of a period of reorganization, dissolution, and eventual suspension of Guangxi University. That year, the nascent People's Republic of China began an unprecedented reorganization of Chinese higher education institutions on a national scale, with the goal of expanding access to higher education through the establishment of new colleges and universities. As a relatively well-developed university with comprehensive academic departments,

1749-866: The examples of "foreign friends of China " to acknowledge other countries' sacrifices to assist in China's national liberation, particularly with regard to the Second Sino-Japanese war . For example, during diplomatic visits to other countries, Xi has praised the contributions of people like Claire Lee Chennault , Norman Bethune , Dawarkanath Kotnis , and Soviet pilots. Xi emphasizes his desire to increase China's discourse power in international matters, often characterizing this in terms of China's "right to speak". During Xi's administration, China has often extended state-backed loans for energy and infrastructure-building in exchange for natural resources in regions like Central Asia and Africa. "Xi Jinping Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for

1802-531: The list, 140 universities have been approved as 'Double First-Class Construction Universities' by the State Council of China. The Double First-Class Construction policy underlines that driving the overall development of universities by building and strengthening their faculties and departments, and ultimately develop the Double First-Class Construction Universities into world-class universities by 2050. In February 2022,

1855-403: The lists (by "school code") in 2017. In February 2022, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the classifications had been invalidated, and the universities included in the Double First-Class Construction should be referred to as Double First-Class Construction Universities. According to the updated Phase 2 list of the Double First-Class Construction (without any ranking within the list),

1908-462: The mid 20th century. The university grants bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees across 27 colleges and departments and 98 undergraduate majors. Established in 1928, the university was broken up during national education reforms in the 1950s. Its departments were relocated across China to create or bolster numerous other institutions including then Wuhan University, then Sun Yat-sen University, and then Guangxi Normal University. As early as 1925,

1961-542: The neighboring Guizhou region. In 1932, the provincial government established the Guangxi Provincial Teacher's College, an independent normal school in Guilin, Guangxi. However, in 1936, the government reorganized institutions of higher education. The Teacher's College was ordered to merge into Guangxi University, where it became part of the colleges of literature and law. The university also absorbed

2014-543: The original higher education development programs Project 211 and Project 985 , established by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s. In October 2015, the State Council of China published the "Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" (Double First-Class Construction), which made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, replacing previous higher education projects. In June 2016,

2067-403: The people as compass, political security as its roots, economic security as its pillar, military security, cultural security, and cultural security as its protections, and that relies on the promotion of international security." During the Xi Jinping era, the Community of Common Destiny has become China's most important foreign relations formulation. In his foreign policy discourse, Xi cites

2120-490: The poor. During the Xi Jinping era, the Chinese government continues to use SOEs to serve non-market objectives and CCP control of SOEs has increased while taking some limited steps towards market liberalization, such as increasing mixed ownership of SOEs. Although China has promoted its national champion companies since the Jiang Zemin administration, it has done so particularly strongly since 2017, especially in

2173-416: The presidency in 2018. In economic policy, Xi has prioritized poverty alleviation and creating common prosperity to reduce disparities in wealth. Xi's administration seeks to implement common prosperity in part through its education policy, including through drastically curtailing the tutoring industry and reducing homework burdens. Xi continues to emphasize the need for global development, including through

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2226-620: The ranks of world-class institutions, and a number of universities enter the forefront of global excellence, with a group of disciplines reaching the forefront of world-class standings by 2030," and "developing the Double First-Class Construction Universities into world-class higher education institutions through building and strengthening their faculties and departments by the mid-21st century." The Phase 1 list of 140 Double First-Class Construction Universities were jointly issued by Chinese Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, and National Development and Reform Commission without any ranking within

2279-524: The remnants of Guangxi University discontinued operations. The depleted university entered a dormant stage until 1958, awaiting reconstruction of its faculty and student body. In 1958, the Central People's Government approved a plan to reconstruct and reopen Guangxi University at a new campus in Nanning. The first step was to rebuild the engineering departments. In 1961, Guangxi University absorbed

2332-632: The stock market or receiving "excessive capital." They are no longer permitted to offer tutoring on the weekends or during public holidays. Since September 2021, private schools providing compulsory education can no longer be controlled by foreign entities or individuals. Only Chinese nationals may serve on their boards of directors. During the Xi Jinping administration, China seeks to shape international norms and rules in emerging policy areas where China has an advantage as an early participant. Xi describes such areas as "new frontiers," and they include policy areas such as space, deep sea, polar regions,

2385-617: The technology sector. Since 2015, the CCP has issued several industrial plans designed to emphasize high-tech innovation and digital development. These industrial plans include Made in China 2025 , the "Action Outline for Promoting the Development of Big Data", and the "Three-Year Action Plan to Promote the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry". China's Thirteenth and Fourteenth Five-Year Plans have also emphasized high-tech and innovative development. During

2438-583: The universities failed to pass the final assessment in 2024, they would lose their Double First-Class Construction statuses. Xi Jinping administration The name Xi Jinping administration is officially called the " Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary " ( 以习近平同志为总书记的党中央 ) from 2012 to 2016, and " Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the Core " ( 以习近平同志为核心的党中央 ) since 2016. Xi's political ideas and principles, known as Xi Jinping Thought , have been incorporated into

2491-469: The university awarded its first doctoral degree and was approved to establish three additional doctoral programs. In 1999, Guangxi University was chosen to participate in Project 211 , a national initiative to elevate research standards and faculty hiring resources for a select group of rising universities. With university-wide improvements as a result of increased government funding from Project 211, and

2544-817: The university recruited a group of minority students into the colleges of agriculture, law, and business. With the surrender of Japan in September 1945, National Guangxi University moved back to its home province, temporarily taking up residence at a campus by the Lijiang river in Liuzhou. In early 1946, the student body initiated a movement that brought the university back to its original campus on Butterfly Mountain in Wuzhou. Subsequently, in September 1946, National Guangxi University moved back to Guilin. The 1950s began with several acquisitions of other institutions. In 1950

2597-705: The world by several major international universities rankings, including the Times Higher Education , the Academic Ranking of World Universities , and the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR). As of 2023. the CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Guangxi University at 374th in the world based on their publications for the period 2018–2021. The Nature Index Annual Table 2023 by Nature Research ranked Guangxi University among

2650-537: Was forced to leave Guangxi entirely, relocating a second time to neighboring Guizhou province . During this temporary relocation, the university decided to continue its educational mission with a particular focus on nearby ethnic minority populations in Guangxi and southwest Guizhou provinces, including the Zhuang and Miao peoples. While moored in Rong County, faculty lectured on agriculture for local farmers and

2703-457: Was merged into Guangxi Agricultural College, a separate institution affiliated with Guangxi University. The former college later changed its name to Guangxi Agricultural University. In 1978, Guangxi University awarded its first master's degree. In March 1997, the Ministry of Education approved the merger of Guangxi Agricultural University into Guangxi University, significantly strengthening its formerly depleted agricultural departments. In 1998,

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2756-540: Was one of the earliest in China, as well as its electrical engineering department. The faculty, students, and resources of these two departments were reallocated to the newly created Huazhong Institute of Technology (now the Huazhong University of Science and Technology ) and other institutions. The university transferred its chemical engineering department to the South China University of Technology , and its highly regarded civil engineering department to

2809-541: Was ranked 501th globally by the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities , and 474th in the world by the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). The Academic Ranking of World Universities , also known as ShanghaiRanking , ranked Guangxi University in the top 301-400th in the world. Generally, Guangxi University was ranked in the top 1000 universities in

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