Tap water (also known as running water , piped water or municipal water ) is water supplied through a tap , a water dispenser valve. In many countries, tap water usually has the quality of drinking water . Tap water is commonly used for drinking , cooking , washing , and toilet flushing . Indoor tap water is distributed through indoor plumbing , which has been around since antiquity but was available to very few people until the second half of the 19th century when it began to spread in popularity in what are now developed countries . Tap water became common in many regions during the 20th century, and is now lacking mainly among people in poverty , especially in developing countries .
49-555: Dove Cottage is a house on the edge of Grasmere in the Lake District of England. It is best known as the home of the poet William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy Wordsworth from December 1799 to May 1808, where they spent over eight years of "plain living, but high thinking". During this period, William wrote much of the poetry for which he is remembered today, including his " Ode: Intimations of Immortality ", " Ode to Duty ", " My Heart Leaps Up " and " I Wandered Lonely as
98-646: A Cloud " in 1804. Dove Cottage did not provide enough space for the Wordsworths' growing family and many visitors, and they left Dove Cottage for Allan Bank in Grasmere in May 1808. William had condemned this house as an eyesore when it was first built, and they moved on again in 1810 to the Old Rectory in the centre of Grasmere. Finally, in 1813, they moved to the much larger and better appointed Rydal Mount ,
147-401: A Cloud ", together with parts of his autobiographical epic, The Prelude . William Wordsworth married his wife Mary in 1802, and she and her sister joined the Wordsworths at Dove Cottage. The family quickly expanded, with the arrival of three children in four years, and the Wordsworths left Dove Cottage in 1808 to seek larger lodgings. The cottage was then occupied by Thomas De Quincey for
196-465: A few miles to the south just outside Ambleside . The Wordsworths continued to rent this property for 46 years, until Mary's death in 1859, William having died 9 years earlier. Rydal Mount was acquired in 1969 by Mary Henderson (née Wordsworth), William's great great granddaughter. It remains in the ownership of the Wordsworth family, and has been opened to the public since 1970. Thomas De Quincey,
245-502: A frequent visitors to Dove Cottage, but Coleridge's marriage was unhappy, and he departed Keswick in 1804. Nevertheless, he returned to visit the Wordsworths in Grasmere from time to time. The Wordsworths were also visited at Dove Cottage by Walter Scott , Humphry Davy , and Charles and Mary Lamb . In later years, Thomas De Quincey became a long-term guest. William Wordsworth's financial position had been strained since his father's death in 1783, but it improved somewhat in 1802 when
294-486: A friend of the Wordsworths, took up residence in Dove Cottage in 1809, the year after the Wordsworths left. He had often stayed with the Wordsworths since 1807, and held William Wordsworth in high regards. De Quincey married the daughter of a local farmer, and remained in residence until 1820. His Confessions of an English Opium Eater was based on his experiences as an opium addict, and describes him relaxing at
343-532: A high dissolved gas content that is heated or depressurized, which reduces how much dissolved gas the water can hold. The harmless cloudiness of the water disappears quickly as the gas is released from the water. Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities , commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes . Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems are what supply drinking water to populations around
392-501: A major "reimagining". In addition to renovations at the cottage, the project provided new activities at the museum, new outdoor spaces to explore as well as a new café. A stone from Dove Cottage is represented in the Rollins College , Winter Park, Florida , Walk of Fame , consisting of stones brought from places associated with famous people. The adjacent Wordsworth Museum exhibits manuscripts, landscapes and portraits. It
441-485: A number of years, before being let to a succession of tenants. The cottage was acquired by the Wordsworth Trust in 1890 and opened to the public as a writer's home museum in 1891. The house is a Grade I listed building , and remains largely unchanged from Wordsworth's day. The site also includes Jerwood Centre containing manuscripts, books and art work as well as a museum that opened in 1981. Dove Cottage
490-498: A procession through the village with bearings made from rushes and flowers. In this procession there are also six Maids of Honour, a brass band, the church choir, and others carrying their own decorated rush-bearing. The annual Grasmere Sports in August were first held in 1852. Participants compete in a variety of sports, including Cumberland wrestling , fell running and hound trails (similar to drag hunting ). Grasmere Gingerbread
539-521: A redevelopment by Purcell (architects) and Nissen Richards Studio. 54°27′15″N 3°00′59″W / 54.4543°N 3.0164°W / 54.4543; -3.0164 Grasmere (village) Grasmere is a village and former civil parish , now in the parish of Lakes , in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria , England, and situated in the centre of the Lake District and named after its adjacent lake . Grasmere lies within
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#1732782567689588-415: A remarkable journal during the family's years at Dove Cottage. The journal was published in 1897 as The Grasmere Journal , providing intimate details of the family's daily life and of their visitors. Wordsworth often took poetic inspiration from his sister Dorothy's journal. An entry in her journal from 1802, remarking upon daffodils near Ullswater , was the inspiration for his poem " I Wandered Lonely as
637-411: A tap can be reduced by inexpensive small plastic flow reducers. These restrict flow between 15 and 50%, aiding water conservation and reducing the burden on both water supply and treatment facilities. The installation of water pipes can be done using the following plastic and metal materials: Other materials, if the pipes made from them have been let into circulation and the widespread use in
686-602: A walking tour of the Lake District with Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1799. William had been close to his sister Dorothy in their childhood, but they had spent many years apart. Although they had lived together in Somerset in 1797 and in Germany in 1798, William wanted to find a permanent home for them together. Dove Cottage was empty and available for rent, and they took up residence on 20 December that year, paying £ 5
735-552: A water supply "tap water" distinguishes it from the other main types of fresh water which may be available; these include water from rainwater -collecting cisterns , water from village pumps or town pumps, water from wells , or water carried from streams, rivers, or lakes (whose potability may vary). A synonym for tap water is piped water, a term used by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation by WHO and UNICEF to describe
784-400: A year to John Benson of Grasmere. On the ground floor, the main reception room was the "houseplace" or "kitchen- parlour ", by the main door, which contains a cooking range and window seat , used for the main daily meal. A smaller room next to the houseplace was used by the Wordsworths as Dorothy's bedroom. A separate kitchen was used for the more arduous task of the domestic routine, with
833-619: Is also on the route of Alfred Wainwright 's Coast to Coast Walk . The main A591 road connects Grasmere to the Vale of Keswick over Dunmail Raise to the north, and to Ambleside to the south. In other directions, Grasmere is surrounded by high ground. (At Christmas 2015, the A591 was washed away on the Keswick side of Dunmail Raise, causing traffic to make a long detour. It reopened in May 2016.) To
882-413: Is important that the clean water not be contaminated by the wastewater (disposal) side of the process system. Historically, this contamination of drinking water has been one of the largest killers of humans. Most of the mandates for enforcing drinking water quality standards are not for the distribution system, but for the treatment plant. Even though the water distribution system is supposed to deliver
931-470: Is made to a "secret recipe" popularised by Sarah Nelson (1815–1904). By the early 19th century, Grasmere gingerbread was being sold as fairings and as a popular seller in its own right. Poet Dorothy Wordsworth wrote in 1803 that she and her brother William craved the gingerbread. Grasmere contains the winner of the "Get Started Award 2014" awarded by the Institute of Enterprise and Entrepreneurs :
980-498: Is too small to cause any health problems directly. The chlorine concentration recommended by World Health Organization is between 0.0002 and 0.0005 g/L. Contaminant levels found in tap water vary between households and plumbing systems . While the majority of US households have access to high-quality tap water, demand for bottled water increases. In 2002, the Gallup Public Opinion Poll revealed that
1029-617: The Lakes Urban District in 1934. The parish was abolished on 1 April 1974 to form Lakes . In 1961 the parish had a population of 1029. Grasmere is part of the Westmorland and Lonsdale parliamentary constituency, and is represented by the Liberal Democrat MP Tim Farron . Grasmere has lost population since the 1960s. George Pickering painted many views around Grasmere, and an engraving of one of these, Grassmere Lake and Village, Westmorland ,
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#17327825676891078-433: The historic county of Westmorland . The Ambleside and Grasmere ward had an estimated population of 4,592 in 2019. William and Dorothy Wordsworth , the ' Lake Poets ', lived in Grasmere for 14 years and called it "the loveliest spot that man hath ever found." One possibility is "the lake (mere) flanked by grass." Although early spellings with "Grys-" or "Gris(s)-" might suggest Old Norse "griss", meaning "young pig" as
1127-425: The 599 or 'Lakesider,' providing a scenic journey connecting Ambleside , Bowness-on-Windermere , and occasionally Kendal . The nearest railway station is Windermere , located 9 miles (14 kilometres) away; both bus routes provide direct access to and from the station. Grasmere's Rushbearing Ceremony, centred on St Oswald's Church , has ancient origins. The present-day ceremony is an annual event which features
1176-723: The Chocolate Cottage. Until September 2013, Grasmere's three main church parishes ( Catholic , Church of England and Methodist ) gathered three times a year to celebrate mass in the Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Wayside. Quakers still hold meetings of worship in Grasmere. Grasmere has many thriving community groups, including a branch of the Women's Institute which meets regularly. The Lakes were governed by an urban district council , before becoming part of
1225-574: The Northeast and the Midwest. Their impact is relatively small due to the fouling of pipes and stone cessation of the evolution of lead in the water; however, lead pipes are still detrimental. Most of the lead pipes that exist today are being removed and replaced with the more common material, copper or some type of plastic. Modern plumbing delivers clean, safe, and potable water to each service point in water distribution system , including taps. It
1274-490: The construction of the water supply systems. For many centuries, water pipes were made of lead, because of its ease of processing and durability. The use of lead pipes was a cause of health problems due to ignorance of the dangers of lead on the human body, which causes miscarriages and high death rates of newborns. Lead pipes, which were installed mostly in the late 1800s in the US, are still common today, much of which are located in
1323-558: The consumption points above perform their function, most produce waste/sewage components that will require removal by the waste/sewage side of the system. The minimum is an air gap. See cross connection control & backflow prevention for an overview of backflow prevention methods and devices currently in use, both through the use of mechanical and physical principles. Fixtures are devices that use water without an additional source of power. Potable water supply systems are composed of pipes , fittings , and valves . Water flow through
1372-575: The cottage is referred to in William's 1806 poem, " The Waggoner ", in which the protagonist passes by "Where once the Dove and Olive-bough offered a greeting of good ale to all who entered Grasmere Vale". The building is constructed from local stone, with limewashed walls and a slate roof. There are four rooms downstairs, and another four upstairs. The ground floor rooms retain the oak panels and slate floors often found in well-built Lakeland houses of
1421-417: The cottage with a quart of laudanum . He upset the Wordsworth family by making alterations to Dove Cottage and more importantly, its garden. The increasing size of his family forced him to move to Fox Ghyll , but he continued to rent Dove Cottage, and store books there, until 1835. Debts eventually forced him to leave the cottage for good. Dove Cottage then had a succession of tenants. The first usage of
1470-460: The debts owed to his father by the 1st Earl of Lonsdale were finally paid with interest on the latter's death. As a result, William was able to marry Mary Hutchinson, a childhood friend, later that year. The cottage became their first marital home, still shared with William's sister Dorothy and now also with Mary's sister Sara. William and Mary's first three children were born in the cottage, John (1803), Dora (1804) and Thomas (1806). Dorothy kept
1519-632: The first element, evidence points to the Old English/Old Norse "gres", meaning grass, with the modern form influenced by Standard English. The medial "-s(s)e-" may, as suggested by Ekwall, point to the Old Norse "gres-saer" or "grass-lake" as the original name. The element "mere" refers to a still extant word meaning "lake" or "pool". The village is on the River Rothay , which flows into Grasmere lake about ⅓ mile (500 metres) to
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1568-401: The fourth room being a small buttery , used as a larder . The Wordsworths employed a neighbour, Molly Fisher, as a maid to do their washing and cooking. Upstairs, the room over the houseplace was William's study, with views over meadows to the lake, used by William for his composition and as a second parlour for light meals and entertaining. The three other rooms were used as bedrooms, with
1617-455: The globe. Aspects of service quality include continuity of supply, water quality and water pressure. The institutional responsibility for water supply is arranged differently in different countries and regions (urban versus rural). It usually includes issues surrounding policy and regulation, service provision and standardization . Bottled water may have reduced amounts of copper, lead, and other metal contaminants since it does not run through
1666-571: The house, their "little nook of mountain-ground", which was deliberately arranged in an informal "wild" state. William became a key member of a group of Romantic poets in the Lake District, later known as the Lake Poets . Robert Southey lived in Greta Hall in nearby Keswick . Southey and Coleridge were married to sisters, Sarah and Edith Fricker, and Coleridge himself moved his family to Keswick in 1800. Both Coleridge and Southey became
1715-525: The name "Dove Cottage" is recorded in the 1851 census, when Christopher Newby, Coal Agent, resided with his wife and six children. In the 1860s, the house carried the sign "Dixon’s Lodgings: Wordsworth’s Cottage". In the late 1880s, the cottage was bought by Edmund Lee, the registrar of the Bradford County Court. Lee wrote poetry and the first biography of Dorothy Wordsworth whilst the cottage was in his possession. Lee's son, also called Edmund,
1764-720: The period, and appropriate to their original function as drinking rooms in a public house. The fireplaces were altered in the 1790s to burn coal rather than the traditional Lakeland peat . William Wordsworth had been born in Cockermouth in Cumberland in 1770, and knew the Lake District well from his childhood. He moved away to study at the University of Cambridge in 1787, and then travelled in Britain and Europe for 12 years. William first encountered Dove Cottage when on
1813-479: The plumbing pipes where tap water is exposed to metal corrosion; however, this varies by the household and plumbing system. In much of the developed world, chlorine often is added as a disinfectant to tap water. If the water contains organic matter, this may produce other byproducts in the water such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids , which has shown to increase the risk of cancer. The level of residual chlorine found at around 0.0002 g per litre, which
1862-511: The possible health risk associated with tap water consumption is one of the main reasons that cause American consumers to prefer bottled water over tap water. The trust level towards tap water depends on various criteria, including the existing governmental regulations towards the water quality and their appliance. In 1993, the cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , led to a massive hospitalization of more than 400,000 residents and
1911-467: The situation for access to drinking water in developing countries . Piped water is not necessarily of drinking water quality but does count as an " improved water source " in the logic of Sustainable Development Goal 6 . Other improved water sources include boreholes, protected dug wells or springs, rainwater, and bottled or water delivered by tanker. Everything in a building that uses water falls under one of two categories; fixture or appliance. As
1960-421: The small room over the buttery being used later as a nursery for William and Mary's children. The walls of the small bedroom were covered with newspapers in 1800 as an attempt at insulation (later removed, but copies were put back in the 1970s). There was no running water inside the house, and the toilet was also outside in the garden. William and Dorothy took particular pleasure in the garden and orchard behind
2009-571: The south. The village is overlooked from the north-west by the rocky hill of Helm Crag , popularly known as The Lion and the Lamb or the Old Lady at the organ . These names derive from the shape of rock formations on its summit, depending on the side from which it is viewed. The several walks that begin in the village include the ascent of Helm Crag, a longer route up to Fairfield , and a moderate 600' (200-metre) ascent to Easedale Tarn . The village
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2058-481: The treated water to the consumers' taps without water quality degradation, complicated physical, chemical, and biological factors within the system can cause contamination of tap water. Tap water can sometimes appear cloudy and is often mistaken for mineral impurities in the water. It is usually caused by air bubbles coming out of solution due to change in temperature or pressure. Because cold water holds more air than warm water, small bubbles will appear in water. It has
2107-670: The west, a long ridge comes down from High Raise and contains the lesser heights of Blea Rigg and Silver How . To the east, Grasmere is bordered by the western ridge of the Fairfield horseshoe . Grasmere lies on the main A591 road between Keswick and Kendal . The town is well-connected by public transport, primarily served by the Stagecoach 555 bus service. This service links Grasmere with various towns, including Keswick , Ambleside , Kendal , and Lancaster . Additionally, Stagecoach operates an open-top bus service, known as
2156-541: Was a novelist and poet, serving for some time as the Secretary of The Poetry Society. The Wordsworth Trust bought the cottage for £650 in 1890, with Lee maintaining an interest as a trustee. The Trust was formed by the Reverend Stopford Brooke with the express purpose of preserving this place, which was so closely bound with Wordsworth's works. The cottage retained the name "Dove Cottage" after it
2205-541: Was acquired by the Trust. The Wordsworth Trust has kept the cottage open to the public since July 1891. The cottage remains largely unchanged from Wordsworth's day, and the Trust has restored the garden to the "wild" appearance preferred by the Wordsworths. As a tourist attraction , Dove Cottage receives approximately 70,000 visitors a year. During 2020 and 2021, the Wordsworth Grasmere site benefitted from
2254-464: Was built in the early 17th century, beside the main road from Ambleside in the south to Keswick in the north. It was probably purpose-built as a public house , and it is first recorded as the "Dove and Olive", an inn included in a list of public houses in Westmoreland in 1617. It remained a public house, sometimes called the "Dove and Olive Branch", until it closed in 1793. The history of
2303-646: Was considered the largest in US history. Severe violations of tap water standards influence the decrease in public trust. The difference in water quality between bottled and tap water is debatable. In 1999, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) released controversial findings from a 4-year study on bottled water. The study claimed that one-third of the tested waters were contaminated with synthetic organic chemicals , bacteria , and arsenic . At least one sample exceeded state guidelines for contamination levels in bottled water. In
2352-473: Was founded in 1935 in a small converted barn at Syke Side and opened by Poet Laureate, John Masefield . The museum moved to a coach house nearby in 1981. The Jerwood Centre, an award-winning new building to house the collections of the Wordsworth Trust, was opened near Dove Cottage in 2005 by the poet and Nobel Laureate, Seamus Heaney . It also operates a cafe and gift shop which opened in 2021 after
2401-686: Was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Sketch Book, 1834, accompanied by a humorous sketch by Letitia Elizabeth Landon about a lover of poetry who, given a legacy, buys a property here only to find extraordinary steps would be required to make life bearable. Lydia Sigourney 's poem [REDACTED] Grassmere and Rydal-Water . published in Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands , 1842 records her visit in that year and her reception by Wordsworth . In birth order: Tap water Governmental agencies commonly regulate tap water quality . Calling
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