42-613: Doyle Park may refer to: Doyle Community Park , in Santa Rosa, California Doyle Community Park & Center , in Leominster, Massachusetts Doyle Memorial Park , in Wishek, North Dakota Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Doyle Park . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
84-623: A culture hero created by Raven to please the people with its song. The Peace Bridge robins were a family of American robins that attracted minor publicity in the mid-1930s for their prominent nest on the Canadian side of the Peace Bridge connecting Buffalo, New York , to Fort Erie, Ontario . American popular songs featuring this bird include " When the Red, Red Robin (Comes Bob, Bob, Bobbin' Along) ", written by Harry M. Woods . Although
126-537: A 400-fold decrease in average viral load that would likely make robins noninfectious and unable to spread disease. An oral bait is the preferred method of distribution of the vaccine as it would be easier and cheaper than intramuscular injection, but more research would be needed as the existing formulation did not work orally. The American robin is active mostly during the day, and on its winter grounds, it assembles in large flocks at night to roost in trees in secluded swamps or dense vegetation. The flocks break up during
168-462: A large population of about 370 million individuals. The western subspecies ( T. m. propinquus ) in central California is considered to be expanding its range, as is likely the case elsewhere in the United States. It is threatened by climate change and severe weather, but the population trend appears to be stable, and the species does not approach the vulnerable species thresholds under
210-462: A small percentage retain a few juvenile wing coverts or other feathers. The species breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along
252-443: Is "The First Robin" by William Henry Drummond , which, according to the author's wife, is based on a Quebec superstition that whoever sees the first robin of spring will have good luck. The association has continued down to the present day, as, for example, in one Calvin and Hobbes cartoon from 1990 that had Calvin celebrating his inevitable wealth and fame after seeing the first robin of spring. The harbinger of spring sobriquet
294-440: Is 23 to 28 cm (9.1 to 11.0 in) long with a wingspan ranging from 31 to 41 cm (12 to 16 in), with similar size ranges across all subspecies. The species averages about 77 g (2.7 oz) in weight, with males ranging from 72 to 94 g (2.5 to 3.3 oz) and females ranging from 59 to 91 g (2.1 to 3.2 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 11.5 to 14.5 cm (4.5 to 5.7 in),
336-580: Is a migratory bird of the true thrush genus and Turdidae, the wider thrush family. It is named after the European robin because of its reddish-orange breast, though the two species are not closely related, with the European robin belonging to the Old World flycatcher family. The American robin is widely distributed throughout North America, wintering from southern Canada to central Mexico and along
378-630: Is a rare vagrant to western Europe, where the majority of records have been in Great Britain, where 29 had been recorded up to the end of 2022. The species has occurred as a vagrant to Greenland , Jamaica, Hispaniola , Puerto Rico and Belize . Vagrants to Europe, where identified to subspecies, are the eastern subspecies ( T. m. migratorius ), but the Greenland birds included the Newfoundland subspecies ( T. m. nigrideus ), and some of
420-489: Is borne out by the fact that American robins tend to follow the 3 °C (37 °F) isotherm north in spring, but also south in fall. In a study of 209 psychology students at the University of California, Berkeley , Eleanor Rosch found that the robin was, in the students' minds, the most prototypical example of a bird (though the students did not have the opportunity to specify the species of robin). Robin egg blue
462-563: Is mainly yellow with a variably dark tip, the dusky area becoming more extensive in winter, and the legs and feet are brown. The sexes are similar, but females tend to be duller in color than males, with a brown tint to the head, brown upperparts, and less-bright underparts. However, some birds cannot be accurately sexed on the sole basis of plumage . Juveniles are paler in color than adult males and have dark spots on their breasts and whitish wing coverts. First-year birds are not easily distinguishable from adults, but they tend to be duller, and
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#1732781090386504-402: Is most commonly located 1.5–4.5 m (4.9–14.8 ft) above the ground in a dense bush or in a fork between two tree branches, and is built by the female alone. The outer foundation consists of long coarse grass, twigs, paper, and feathers. This is lined with smeared mud and cushioned with fine grass or other soft materials. The American robin builds a new nest for each brood; in northern areas
546-437: Is one of the earliest bird species to lay its eggs, beginning to breed shortly after returning to its summer range from its winter range. The robin's nest consists of long coarse grass, twigs, paper, and feathers, and is smeared with mud and often cushioned with grass or other soft materials. It is among the earliest birds to sing at dawn, and its song consists of several discrete units that are repeated. The adult's main predator
588-647: Is the domestic cat; other predators include hawks and snakes. When feeding in flocks, it can be vigilant, watching other birds for reactions to predators. Brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ) lay their eggs in robin nests (see brood parasite ), but the robins usually reject the egg. This species was first described in 1766 by Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae as Turdus migratorius . The binomial name derives from two Latin words: turdus , "thrush", and migratorius from migrare "to migrate". The term robin for this species has been recorded since at least 1703. A study of
630-400: Is unpalatable to them and can be used by humans as a deterrent. The species uses auditory, visual, olfactory and possibly vibrotactile cues to find prey, but vision is the predominant mode of prey detection. It is frequently seen running across lawns picking up earthworms, and its running and stopping behavior is a distinguishing characteristic. In addition to hunting visually, it also has
672-650: The Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which they migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5 times further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts. The species
714-490: The brown-headed cowbird is rare, and the parasite's chick does not often survive to fledging . In a study of 105 juvenile robins, 77.1% were infected with endoparasites , Syngamus sp. being the most commonly encountered, in 57.1% of the birds. Breeding begins shortly after the returning to the summer range. The species is one of the first North American birds to lay eggs, and normally has two to three broods per breeding season, which lasts from April to July. The nest
756-503: The comic book superhero Robin was inspired by an N. C. Wyeth illustration of Robin Hood , a later version had his mother nicknaming him Robin because he was born on the first day of spring. The species is considered a symbol of spring. A well-known example is a poem by Emily Dickinson titled "I Dreaded That First Robin So". Among other 19th-century poems about the first robin of spring
798-408: The culmen is 1.8 to 2.2 cm (0.71 to 0.87 in) and the tarsus is 2.9 to 3.3 cm (1.1 to 1.3 in). The head varies from jet black to gray, with white eye arcs and white supercilia . The throat is white with black streaks, and the belly and undertail coverts are white. The adult has a brown back and a reddish-orange breast, varying from a rich red maroon to peachy orange. The bill
840-519: The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene indicates that the American robin is more closely related to the Kurrichane thrush ( T. libonyanus ) and the olive thrush ( T. olivaceus ), both African species rather than other American species of thrush within the genus Turdus . This conflicts with a 2007 DNA study of 60 of 65 Turdus species, which places the American robin's closest relative as
882-470: The rufous-collared thrush ( T. rufitorques ) of Central America. Though having distinct plumage , the two species are similar in vocalization and behavior. Beyond this, it lies in a small group of four species of otherwise Central American distribution, suggesting it recently spread northwards into North America. Seven subspecies are recognized. These intergrade with each other and are only weakly defined. The eastern subspecies ( T. m. migratorius )
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#1732781090386924-497: The Doyle Park Clubhouse on Hoen Avenue to the footbridge over Matanzas Creek across Vallejo Street from Brook Hill School. Prior to European settlement, what is now Doyle Park was part of a larger riparian wetland within which these creeks changed course when dead trees fell into their channels and accumulated coarse woody debris diverted flood runoff out of those channels to form new channels. Europeans deepened
966-404: The Doyle Park Clubhouse, restrooms , playground slides and swings , horseshoe pits , separate fenced areas for un leashed large and small dogs , and picnic tables with barbecue grills including five sites available for reservation. A paved trail follows the shaded riparian woodland of mature oaks , maples , and California bay laurel trees along Spring Creek and Matanzas Creek from
1008-532: The Exchange Bank of Santa Rosa in 1890. Frank purchased the land for Doyle Community Park as a memorial for his 13-year-old son who died during tonsillectomy surgery in 1921. Frank encouraged improvement of local transportation, including building the Golden Gate Bridge . While touring the bridge construction site two months before the opening, Frank rode in the first private automobile across
1050-739: The Pacific coast. According to the Partners in Flight database (2019), the American robin is the most abundant landbird in North America (with 370 million individuals), ahead of red-winged blackbirds , introduced European starlings , mourning doves and house finches . It has seven subspecies. The species is active mostly during the day and assembles in large flocks at night. Its diet consists of invertebrates (such as beetle grubs , earthworms, and caterpillars), fruits, and berries . It
1092-609: The ability to hunt by hearing. Experiments have shown that it can find earthworms underground by simply using its listening skills. It typically will take several short hops and then cock its head left, right or forward to detect movement of its prey. In urban areas, robins will gather in numbers soon after lawns are mowed or where sprinklers are in use. Juveniles and eggs are preyed upon by squirrels, snakes, and some birds. Adults are primarily taken by Accipiter hawks, cats, and larger snakes such as rat snakes and gopher snakes . Canids such as foxes and dogs take fledglings from
1134-685: The bridge, and was designated "Father of the Golden Gate." When Frank died, 50.4% of the Exchange Bank common stock was put into a perpetual trust as the Frank P. Doyle and Polly O’Meara Doyle Scholarship Fund. Since 1948, this scholarship fund has provided over $ 90 million to more than 135,000 Sonoma County students attending Santa Rosa Junior College . The fund also provides $ 2,000 annually for maintenance of Doyle Community Park. American robin The American robin ( Turdus migratorius )
1176-663: The day when the birds feed on fruits and berries in smaller groups. During the summer, males defend a breeding territory and are less social. The diet generally consists of around 40 percent small invertebrates (mainly insects), such as earthworms, beetle grubs , caterpillars, and grasshoppers, and 60 percent wild and cultivated fruits and berries. Their ability to switch to berries allows them to winter much farther north than most other North American thrushes. They will flock to fermented Pyracantha berries, and after eating sufficient quantities will exhibit intoxicated behavior, such as falling over while walking. Robins forage primarily on
1218-521: The east, sing occasionally into September or later. They are often among the first songbirds to sing as dawn rises or hours before, and last as evening sets in. It usually sings from a high perch in a tree. The song of the San Lucas subspecies ( T. m. confinis ) is weaker than that of the eastern subspecies ( T. m. migratorius ), and lacks any clear notes. The male sings when storms approach and again when storms have passed. In addition to its song,
1260-404: The eastern edge of downtown Santa Rosa, California . The western end of the park is the confluence of Matanzas Creek and Spring Creek . Spring Creek forms the northern park boundary and Matanzas Creek forms the southern park boundary. The eastern end of the park is a fenced and lighted baseball field formerly used by the minor league Santa Rosa Pirates . The remainder of the park includes
1302-637: The first few days after hatching. The chicks are fed earthworms, insects, and berries. Waste accumulation does not occur in the nest because the adults collect and take it away. Chicks are fed, and then raise tails for elimination of waste, a solid white clump that is collected by a parent prior to flying off. All chicks in the brood leave the nest within two days of each other. Juveniles become capable of sustained flight two weeks after fledging. Chicks become sexually mature at one year of age. Bird banders have found that only 25% of young robins survive their first year. The longest known lifespan of an American robin in
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1344-550: The first noticed deaths in an area with West Nile virus, the American robin is suspected to be a key host and holds a larger responsibility for the transmission of the virus to humans. This is because, while crows and jays die quickly from the virus, the American robin survives the virus longer, hence spreading it to more mosquitoes, which then transmit the virus to humans and other species. A successful West Nile virus vaccine has been administered to six 3-5 week old American robins. A DNA vaccine injected intramuscularly resulted in
1386-531: The ground for soft-bodied invertebrates, and find worms by sight (and sometimes by hearing), pouncing on them and then pulling them up. Nestlings are fed mainly on earthworms and other soft-bodied animal prey. In some areas, robins, particularly of the northwestern subspecies ( T. m. caurinus ), will feed on beaches, taking insects and small mollusks. American robins are common pests of fruit orchards in North America. Due to their insectivorous and frugivorous diet they have evolved to lose sucrase . Sucrose
1428-462: The ground. Raccoons often prey upon nests, while small agile carnivores such as American martens , ring-tailed cats and long-tailed weasels hunt adults. The greatest predatory impact is probably from raptorial birds. 28 raptorial bird species hunt American robins. Adult robins are most vulnerable while breeding activities, whereas feeding flocks are vigilant for predators. The American robin rejects cowbird eggs, so brood parasitism by
1470-416: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doyle_Park&oldid=984242270 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Doyle Community Park Doyle Community Park is an urban park on
1512-459: The nest for the first clutch will usually be located in an evergreen tree or shrub, while later broods are raised in deciduous trees. The species is not shy about nesting close to human habitations. A clutch consists of three to five cyan-colored eggs , and is incubated by the female alone. The eggs hatch after 14 days, and the chicks leave the nest a further two weeks later. The altricial chicks are naked and have their eyes closed for
1554-503: The population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations), and therefore International Union for Conservation of Nature evaluated it as least concern . At one point, the bird was killed for its meat, but it is now protected throughout its range in the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act . The American robin is the state bird of Connecticut , Michigan , and Wisconsin . It
1596-731: The present creek channels about 4 m (13 ft) through Quaternary alluvium of the Santa Rosa Plain to minimize urban flooding . The park and paved trail is at the level of the original wetland, but there are a few access points into the lower channels which now confine the creeks. Western gray squirrels are plentiful in the park, and a murder of crows often gather nearby. Birdwatchers have observed sparrows , finches , towhees , jays , woodpeckers , robins , bluebirds , mockingbirds , chickadees , phoebes , kinglets , warblers , nuthatches , and titmice . Frank Doyle (1863–1948) and his father Manville Doyle formed
1638-561: The southern overshots may have been the southern subspecies ( T. m. achrusterus ). The breeding habitat is woodland and more open farmland and urban areas. It becomes less common as a breeder in the southernmost part of the Deep South of the United States and there prefers large shade trees on lawns. Its winter habitat is similar but includes more open areas. The species is a known reservoir (carrier) for West Nile virus spread by Culex mosquitoes. While crows and jays are often
1680-443: The species has a number of calls used for communicating specific information, such as when a ground predator approaches and when a nest or another American robin is being directly threatened. Even during nesting season, when they exhibit mostly competitive and territorial behavior, they may still band together to drive away a predator. The species has an extensive range, estimated at 16,000,000 km (6,200,000 sq mi), and
1722-480: The wild is 14 years; the average lifespan is about two years. The male, as with many thrushes, has a complex and almost continuous song. It is commonly described as a cheery carol, made up of discrete units, often repeated, and spliced together into a string with brief pauses in between. The song varies regionally, and its style varies by the time of day. The song period is from late February or early March to late July or early August; some birds, particularly in
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1764-469: Was depicted on the 1986 Birds of Canada series Canadian $ 2 note (this note was subsequently withdrawn.) It has a place in Native American mythology . The story of how the robin got its red breast by fanning the dying flames of a campfire to save a Native American man and a boy is similar to those that surround the European robin. The Tlingit people of northwestern North America held it to be
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