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166-680: Hans " Dolph " Lundgren ( / ˈ l ʌ n d ɡ r ən / , Swedish: [ˈdɔlːf ˈlɵ̌nːdɡreːn] ; born 3 November 1957) is a Swedish-American actor, filmmaker, martial artist and chemical engineer . Born in Spånga , a community in Stockholm County , Sweden , Lundgren became interested in martial arts at a young age. This would lead him to hold the rank of 4th dan black belt in Kyokushin karate and become European champion in 1980 and 1981. In 1982, while studying to get

332-479: A budō ( 武道 , martial way) . Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasized the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques. He was convinced that practice of jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general. He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of jujutsu: At

498-420: A Waza is known as tori ( 取り , literally "taker") and the person to whom it is performed is known as uke ( 受け , "receiver") . Nage-waza include all techniques in which tori attempts to throw or trip uke , usually with the aim of placing uke on their back. Each technique has three distinct stages: Nage-waza are typically drilled by the use of uchi-komi ( 内込 ) , repeated turning-in, taking

664-1099: A master's degree , he became the boyfriend of singer Grace Jones . He moved to New York City with her and started taking acting classes. In 1985, Lundgren had a breakthrough role playing the lead villain as an imposing Soviet boxer named Ivan Drago in Sylvester Stallone 's Rocky IV . Lundgren went on to play lead roles in over 80 action-oriented films including Masters of the Universe (1987), Red Scorpion (1988), The Punisher (1989), I Come in Peace (1990), Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991), Joshua Tree (1993), Men of War (1994), Silent Trigger (1996) and Blackjack (1998). He continued playing lead villains in Universal Soldier (1992) against Jean-Claude Van Damme and Johnny Mnemonic (1995) against Keanu Reeves . Moving into

830-486: A "loser", which motivated him later as he grew more ambitious to prove himself. But he also said, "I still love my father, no matter what happened. There are many things about him I still admire. As a child, I was probably too much like him, very stubborn—perhaps that's what he couldn't deal with." He has cited his troubled relationship with his father as the reason he developed a desire to participate in heavy contact sports such as boxing and karate. Lundgren has said that, as

996-480: A 13% "rotten" rating at Rotten Tomatoes . Lundgren was criticized for being too wooden as a leading man, and it was dismissed as "a glossy fantasy starring monosyllabic Dolph Lundgren". In 1988, he starred in Joseph Zito 's Red Scorpion . Lundgren plays a Soviet KGB agent who is sent to an African country to assassinate the leader of an anti-communist rebel movement, but eventually switches sides. The film

1162-509: A January 2011 interview with GQ , he announced he was working on releasing his own range of vitamins and supplements. He wrote an autobiographical fitness book, Train Like an Action Hero: Be Fit Forever , published in Sweden (by Bonnier Fakta) on 9 August 2011, offering tips he learned over the years to work out in various situations (with a busy schedule and a lot of traveling). It also discusses

1328-669: A U.S. Army Infantry group to go behind enemy lines and exterminate the Nazis . In August 2015, he started filming Kindergarten Cop 2 in Ontario, Canada , a straight-to-video sequel to the 1990 comedy film that starred Arnold Schwarzenegger. He portrays Agent Reed, a law enforcement officer who must go undercover as a kindergarten teacher, in order to recover a missing flash drive from the Federal Witness Protection Program . Throughout that year, he starred in

1494-684: A U.S. Marshall who gets caught up in politics when he is hired to solve the assassination of a Cuban ambassador. In 1996, Lundgren starred in Russell Mulcahy 's Silent Trigger , playing a former Special Forces agent who joins a secretive government agency as an assassin. The Motion Picture Guide to the films of 1997 said, "this stylish but empty thriller gives square-jawed Dolph Lundgren another shot at straight-to-video immortality". In 1997, Lundgren starred in Frédéric Forestier 's The Peacekeeper , playing Major Frank Cross of

1660-675: A US Marine veteran turned reporter, who finds his own life in jeopardy after stumbling across a political cover-up. In Mark L. Lester 's martial arts action film Showdown in Little Tokyo , he and Brandon Lee play police officers investigating the yakuza . The film received a mainly negative reception from critics and was criticized for its violence; Vincent Canby of The New York Times described it as "violent, but spiritless." Variety wrote: "Lundgren can hold his own with other action leads as an actor and could easily be Van Damme-marketable if only he'd devote as much attention to quality control as he does to pectoral development." David J. Fox of

1826-641: A career in acting. Lundgren made his film debut in the 1985 James Bond film A View to a Kill , Roger Moore 's final film as 007, in the minor role of Venz, a KGB assassin. His former lover Grace Jones , who portrayed the villain May Day , personally recommended him. According to Lundgren, Moore said of him, "Dolph is larger than Denmark." Upon learning that Sylvester Stallone was seeking an imposing fighter to play Soviet boxer Ivan Drago in Rocky IV (1985), Lundgren sent videos and pictures of himself to

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1992-501: A child, he was insecure and suffered from allergies, describing himself as a "runt". He showed a keen interest in drumming and had aspirations to become a rock star. At age seven, he tried judo and Gōjū-ryū . He took up Kyokushin karate at the age of 10, and began lifting weights as a teenager. Lundgren stated that "My dad always told me that if I wanted to make something special with my life, I had to go to America." After graduating from high school with straight A's, he spent time in

2158-759: A detailed account of his earlier life and troubles. He cites a better quality of life as having inspired him to maintain his physical fitness. When in Los Angeles, he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and previously at home in Marbella , Spain, he trained at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banús . Lundgren also spars and practices karate aside from weight lifting. He cites dead lifting and squats as

2324-426: A distant contact of Stallone, eventually reaching him. Lundgren tried out for the role, but as he himself has stated, he was initially turned down because he was too tall. Lundgren eventually beat 5,000 other hopefuls to land his breakout role opposite Stallone, Carl Weathers and Brigitte Nielsen . To improve his physique and athletic abilities, he trained intensely in bodybuilding and boxing for five months before

2490-485: A family home there. They have two daughters: Ida Sigrid Lundgren (b. 1996) and Greta Eveline Lundgren (b. 2001), both born in Stockholm . Lundgren and Qviberg cited the reason for living outside Hollywood was to give their children as normal a childhood as possible. In early May 2009, three masked burglars reportedly broke into Lundgren's Marbella home. The burglars tied up and threatened his wife, but fled when they found

2656-854: A family photo and realized that the house was owned by Lundgren. Lundgren later stated he believed the intruders to be Eastern European and had asked contacts in Bulgaria to investigate them, but to no avail. After the incident, Lundgren's elder daughter, Ida, suffered from PTSD . His wife was the "most traumatized", and they divorced in 2011. Lundgren was in a relationship with Jenny Sandersson from 2011 to 2017. Lundgren became engaged to Norwegian personal trainer Emma Krokdal, nearly 40 years his junior, in June 2020. They married at their villa in Mykonos on July 13, 2023. Martial artist Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for

2822-685: A form of sport. Certainly, to some extent, the same may be said of boxing and fencing, but today they are practiced and conducted as sports. Then the Olympic Games are so strongly flavored with nationalism that it is possible to be influenced by it and to develop "Contest Judo", a retrograde form as ju-jitsu was before the Kodokan was founded. Judo should be free as art and science from any external influences, political, national, racial, and financial or any other organized interest. And all things connected with it should be directed to its ultimate object,

2988-706: A former racecar driver who is framed by police officer Frank Severance (Segal) for the murder of a highway patrolman. Much of the film was filmed in the Alabama Hills of the Sierra Nevada and the desert of the Joshua Tree National Park of southeast California. In 1994, Lundgren starred in Bruce Malmuth 's Pentathlon as an East German Olympic gold medalist pentathlete on the run from an abusive coach. Lundgren trained with

3154-401: A former soldier, agreed to show him kata , but not to teach him. The caretaker of Jirosaku's second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, but would not teach it as he believed it was no longer of practical use. Another frequent visitor, Imai Genshiro of Kyushin-ryū school of jujutsu, also refused. Several years passed before he finally found a willing teacher. In 1877, as a student at

3320-541: A guest star appearance on the TV series Chuck in the fourth-season premiere episode, " Chuck Versus the Anniversary ", as Russian spy Marco, with references to Rocky IV ' s Ivan Drago. He then played a drug-addled assassin in the ensemble action film The Expendables , in a cast which includes popular action stars such as Stallone, Jason Statham , Jet Li and Randy Couture as a group of elite mercenaries, tasked with

3486-595: A higher level of recognized achievement, such as a different belt color or title. The type of testing used varies from system to system but may include forms or sparring . Various forms and sparring are commonly used in martial art exhibitions and tournaments. Some competitions pit practitioners of different disciplines against each other using a common set of rules, these are referred to as mixed martial arts competitions. Rules for sparring vary between art and organization but can generally be divided into light-contact , medium-contact , and full-contact variants, reflecting

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3652-584: A lifting motion from the hips; and ashi-waza ( 足技 , foot and leg techniques) , throws in which tori predominantly utilises their legs. Katame-waza is further categorised into osaekomi-waza ( 抑込技 , holding techniques) , in which tori traps and pins uke on their back on the floor; shime-waza ( 絞技 , strangulation techniques) , in which tori attempts to force a submission by choking or strangling uke ; and kansetsu-waza ( 関節技 , joint techniques) , in which tori attempts to submit uke by painful manipulation of their joints. A related concept

3818-465: A long time wished to see judo as an Olympic discipline . The first time judo was seen in the Olympic Games was in an informal demonstration hosted by Kano at the 1932 Games . However, Kano was ambivalent about judo's potential inclusion as an Olympic sport: I have been asked by people of various sections as to the wisdom and possibility of judo being introduced with other games and sports at

3984-485: A match with yuko scores now included within waza-ari. Ippon is scored in ne-waza for pinning an opponent on his back with a recognised osaekomi-waza for 20 seconds or by forcing a submission through shime-waza or kansetsu-waza . A submission is signalled by tapping the mat or the opponent at least twice with the hand or foot, or by saying maitta ( まいった , I surrender) . A pin lasting for less than 20 seconds, but more than 10 seconds scores waza-ari (formerly waza-ari

4150-829: A mercenary in Isaac Florentine 's Bridge of Dragons , a military pilot in Anthony Hickox 's Storm Catcher , and a cop who's a former boxer in Jill Rips , also directed by Hickox, based on a 1987 novel by Scottish writer Frederic Lindsay . In 2000, Lundgren starred in The Last Warrior as Captain Nick Preston under director Sheldon Lettich . In Damian Lee 's Agent Red (also known as Captured ), co-starring Alexander Kuznetsov and Natalie Radford and Randolph Mantooth , Lundgren plays

4316-593: A method consisting of a collection of physical techniques. Accordingly, he changed the second character to dō ( 道 ) , meaning "way", "road" or "path", which implies a more philosophical context than jutsu and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of tao . Thus Kano renamed it Jūdō ( 柔道 , judo) . There are three basic categories of waza ( 技 , techniques) in judo: nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing techniques) , katame-waza ( 固技 , grappling techniques) and atemi-waza ( 当て身技 , striking techniques) . Judo

4482-596: A mission to overthrow a Latin American dictator. It was described by Lundgren as "an old-school, kick-ass action movie where people are fighting with knives and shooting at each other." The film received mixed reviews from critics but was very successful commercially, opening at number one at the box office in the United States, the United Kingdom China and India. Lundgren was one of three hosts for

4648-417: A much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day. In 2023, he said in an interview that he took anabolic steroids off and on from the mid-'80s to the mid-'90s. Lundgren has professed never to have been "super strong", saying that, "I'm too tall and my arms are long. I think back then [ Rocky IV ] I was working with around 300 pounds on the bench and squat." In

4814-481: A multitude of different people and lifestyles, mostly in the arts. I hung out with Andy Warhol , Keith Haring , Iman and Steve Rubell , danced at Studio 54 , and studied acting with Andie MacDowell and Tom Hulce ." Friends told him he should be in movies. He quit studying at MIT after two weeks to pursue acting. Lundgren said after being exposed to the entertainment business, he found it more attractive and rewarding than chemical engineering, so he decided to pursue

4980-828: A number of other films later that year, including Legendary , Battle of the Damned , Ambushed and Blood of Redemption . In 2014, Lundgren co-starred opposite Cung Le in the action film Puncture Wounds , and reprised his role as Gunner Jensen for the third time in The Expendables 3 . He then wrote, produced, and starred alongside Tony Jaa and Ron Perlman in Skin Trade , an action thriller about human trafficking. Principal photography started on 2 February 2014 in Thailand , and wrapped in Vancouver ; April

5146-578: A number of other straight-to-video films, including the crime thriller The Good, the Bad and the Dead and the prison film Riot . He starred in the music video of Imagine Dragons 's Believer , which was released on 7 March 2017. In August 2017, he portrayed the future version of Gil Shepard in the Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming . In 2018, Black Water , an action thriller , directed by Pasha Patriki

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5312-578: A number of reasons such as self-defence ; military and law enforcement applications; competition ; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment ; and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage . "Martial arts" is a direct English translation of the Sino-Japanese word ( Japanese : 武芸 , romanized :  bu-gei , Chinese : 武藝 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : bú-gē ; pinyin : wǔyì ). Literally, it refers to "武 martial" and "艺 arts". The term martial arts

5478-583: A remake of a 1986 film by the same name , in an ensemble that includes Daniele Liotti , Mónica Cruz , Max von Sydow , F. Murray Abraham and Ornella Muti . Set in AD ;35 in the Roman Empire , the story follows a fictional Roman general named Titus Valerius Taurus, a veteran of campaigns in Germania , who is sent to Judea by the emperor Tiberius to investigate the possibility of the divinity of

5644-517: A retired Russian Special Forces hitman caught in the crossfire with Russian mobsters. Sky Movies remarked that The Mechanik is "hardcore death-dealing from the Nordic leviathan" and said that " The Mechanik delivers all the no-nonsense gunplay you'd want of a Friday night". In 2006, Lundgren played gladiator Brixos in the Italian-made historical/biblical drama, The Inquiry ( L'inchiesta )

5810-505: A secret Army project to be sent on missions as GR operatives. At the 1992 Cannes Film Festival , Van Damme and Lundgren were involved in a verbal altercation that almost turned physical, but it was believed to have only been a publicity stunt. Universal Soldier opened in theatres on 10 July 1992, a moderate success domestically with $ 36,299,898 in US ticket sales, but a major blockbuster worldwide, making over $ 65 million overseas, which earned

5976-480: A series of brawls with a local gang. According to Lundgren, it had long been a desire of his to direct a western, having long been a fan of Clint Eastwood and John Wayne , yet he did not want to spend the time and money building an old western town and hiring horses, so decided to set it in modern times with a motorbike. The film, shot on location in Waxahachie , south of Dallas , Texas, was specially screened at

6142-415: A similar method of compliant training that is equivalent to light or medium contact. In some styles (such as fencing and some styles of taekwondo sparring), competitors score points based on the landing of a single technique or strike as judged by the referee, whereupon the referee will briefly stop the match, award a point, then restart the match. Alternatively, sparring may continue with the point noted by

6308-457: A soldier trapped on a submarine during the Cold War who must work with his wife, a virologist, to prevent a terrorist chemical attack against the United States. After the film was completed, producer Andrew Stevens thought it was too poor to be released and multiple people had to be hired to at least make the film half-competent. The film was very poorly received, given its "shoestring budget";

6474-576: A tough Houston cop with an inner sensitivity, who does not let the rules of police procedure prevent him pursuing his mission to wipe out a gang of drug dealers who killed his partner. Lundgren said of his role: "What attracted me to Dark Angel is that I get to do more than just action. There's some romance, some comedy, some drama. I actually have some clever dialogue in this one. I get to act." In 1991, Lundgren starred in Manny Coto 's action film Cover Up opposite Louis Gossett Jr. Lundgren portrays

6640-1037: A traditional system of athletics originally used to train warriors in Iran ( Persia ), and first appearing under this name and form in the Safavid era, with similarities to systems in adjacent lands under other names. Human warfare dates back to the Epipalaeolithic to early Neolithic era. The oldest works of art depicting scenes of battle are cave paintings from eastern Spain ( Spanish Levante ) dated between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE that show organized groups fighting with bows and arrows. Similar evidence of warfare has been found in Epipalaeolithic to early Neolithic era mass burials , excavated in Germany and at Jebel Sahaba in Northern Sudan . Wrestling

6806-547: A vital point. Atemi-waza are not permitted outside of kata . Judo pedagogy emphasizes randori ( 乱取り , literally "taking chaos", but meaning "free practice") . This term covers a variety of forms of practice, and the intensity at which it is carried out varies depending on intent and the level of expertise of the participants. At one extreme, is a compliant style of randori, known as Yakusoku geiko ( 約束稽古 , prearranged practice) , in which neither participant offers resistance to their partner's attempts to throw. A related concept

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6972-424: A week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that "it's just one hour a day, and then you can enjoy the other 23 hours". Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regimen and diet, ensuring that he ate

7138-486: A wide spectrum of melee weapons, including bladed weapons and polearms . Such traditions include eskrima , silat , kalaripayat , kobudo , and historical European martial arts , especially those of the Italian Renaissance . Many Chinese martial arts also feature weapons as part of their curriculum. Sometimes, training with one specific weapon may be considered a style in its own right, especially in

7304-493: A workout video called Maximum Potential , and he also got his first lead role as He-Man in Masters of the Universe , based on the popular children's toyline and cartoon , directed by Gary Goddard . Lundgren weighed his all-time heaviest during the filming at 248 pounds (112 kg). The film was a critical failure and viewed as far too violent for a family picture. It is referred to as a "flop" by Variety magazine, and has

7470-557: A world-famous pop singer in the film and his own daughter, Ida, on her screen debut, who played one of the daughters of the Russian president. The story was inspired by a concert Madonna put on for Russian President Vladimir Putin , although Lundgren has also likened the pop singer to Britney Spears . The film premiered at the Ischia Global Film & Music Festival on 18 July 2009. In 2009, The Dolph Lundgren Scholarship

7636-621: Is a vitally important aspect of judo. In 1899, Kano was asked to chair a committee of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai to draw up the first formal set of contest rules for jujutsu. These rules were intended to cover contests between different various traditional schools of jujutsu as well as practitioners of Kodokan judo. Contests were 15 minutes long and were judged on the basis of nage waza and katame waza , excluding atemi waza . Wins were by two ippons, awarded in every four-main different path of winning alternatives, by "Throwing", where

7802-424: Is activated. Beyond contributing to physical fitness, martial arts training also has benefits for mental health , contributing to self-esteem , self-control , emotional and spiritual well-being. For this reason, a number of martial arts schools have focused purely on therapeutic aspects, de-emphasizing the historical aspect of self-defense or combat completely. Judo The objective of competitive judo

7968-429: Is based, allowing for the practice of techniques that are not allowed in randori, and to preserve ancient techniques that are historically important but are no longer used in contemporary judo. There are ten kata that are recognized by the Kodokan today: In addition, there are a number of commonly practiced kata that are not recognised by the Kodokan. Some of the more common kata include: Contest ( 試合 , shiai )

8134-568: Is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Kanō Jigorō ( 嘉納 治五郎 , Jigoro Kano, 1860–1938) , born Shinnosuke Jigorō ( 新之助 治五郎 , Jigorō Shinnosuke) . Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the second son of the head priest of the Shinto Hiyoshi shrine in Shiga Prefecture . He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and

8300-532: Is likely facilitated by cultural exchanges of early Chinese and Indian martial arts . During the Warring States period of Chinese history (480–221 BC) extensive development in martial philosophy and strategy emerged, as described by Sun Tzu in The Art of War ( c.  350 BC ). Legendary accounts link the origin of Shaolinquan to the spread of Buddhism from ancient India during

8466-504: Is mostly known for nage-waza and katame-waza . Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to ukemi ( 受け身 , break-falls) , in order that nage-waza can be practiced without significant risk of injury. Several distinct types of ukemi exist, including ushiro ukemi ( 後ろ受身 , rear breakfalls) ; yoko ukemi ( 横受け身 , side breakfalls) ; mae ukemi ( 前受け身 , front breakfalls) ; and zenpo kaiten ukemi ( 前方回転受身 , rolling breakfalls) The person who performs

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8632-639: Is not fluent in those five languages as has often been reported. He is an avid football fan. He supported Everton when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup ) after moving to Los Angeles. During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri. While Lundgren

8798-465: Is now regarded as the Kodokan founding. The Eisho-ji dōjō was originally shoin . It was a relatively small affair, consisting of a 12 jo (214 sq ft) training area. Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tomita Tsunejirō and Shiro Saigo . In August, the following year, the pair were granted shodan ( 初段 , first rank) grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art. Central to Kano's vision for judo were

8964-722: Is one of the great gestures of recent cinema, a movie which doesn't deserve one nanosecond of serious analysis." The film was a financial disappointment, grossing $ 19,075,720 in the domestic American market against its $ 26m budget. The cloak worn by Lundgren in the film is now located in the lobby of the Famous Players Coliseum in Mississauga, Ontario , it was his last theatrical release film until 2010. Later in 1995, Lundgren appeared in Ted Kotcheff 's The Shooter , an action drama in which he plays Michael Dane,

9130-587: Is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano's emphasis on randori ( 乱取り , randori , free practice) in judo. On Fukuda's death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata , was given the densho ( 伝書 , scrolls) of the Fukuda dōjō. Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo ( c.  1820 –1881). Iso placed more emphasis on

9296-452: Is still actively performed in tournaments across the world. Practitioners in some arts such as kickboxing and Brazilian jiu-jitsu often train for sport matches, whereas those in other arts such as aikido generally spurn such competitions. Some schools believe that competition breeds better and more efficient practitioners, and gives a sense of good sportsmanship. Others believe that the rules under which competition takes place have diminished

9462-437: Is subjected to assorted tortures, is the movie's primary visual focus whenever the action slows down. And since Mr. Lundgren remains stone-faced, rarely speaking except to issue commands in a surprisingly hesitant monotone, his heaving chest actually communicates more emotion than his mumbling lips." In 1989, Lundgren then starred as Marvel Comics adaptation The Punisher playing the title role. Directed by Mark Goldblatt ,

9628-416: Is that of Sute geiko ( 捨稽古 , throw-away practice) , in which an experienced judoka allows himself to be thrown by his less-experienced partner. At the opposite extreme from yakusoku geiko is the hard style of randori that seeks to emulate the style of judo seen in competition. While hard randori is the cornerstone of judo, over-emphasis of the competitive aspect is seen as undesirable by traditionalists if

9794-400: Is that of ne-waza ( 寝技 , prone techniques) , in which waza are applied from a non-standing position. In competitive judo, Kansetsu-waza is currently limited to elbow joint manipulation. Manipulation and locking of other joints can be found in various kata, such as Katame-no-kata and Kodokan goshin jutsu . Atemi-waza are techniques in which tori disables uke with a strike to

9960-440: Is the most popular and well-known style of judo, but is not the only one. The terms judo and jujutsu were quite interchangeable in the early years, so some of these forms of judo are still known as jujutsu or jiu-jitsu either for that reason, or simply to differentiate them from mainstream judo. From Kano's original style of judo, several related forms have evolved—some now widely considered to be distinct arts: Commonly described as

10126-564: Is the oldest combat sport , with origins in hand-to-hand combat . Belt wrestling was depicted in works of art from Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt c.  3000 BC , and later in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh . The earliest known depiction of boxing comes from a Sumerian relief in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the 3rd millennium BC. The foundation of modern East Asian martial arts and South Asian martial arts

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10292-482: Is the value of "inner peace" in a practitioner, which is stressed to be only achievable through individual meditation and training. The Koreans believe that the use of physical force is only justifiable for self defense. Pahlevani and zourkhaneh rituals is the name of a Persian Martial arts inscribed by UNESCO for varzesh-e pahlavāni ( Persian : آیین پهلوانی و زورخانه‌ای , "heroic sport") or varzesh-e bāstāni ( ورزش باستانی ; varzeš-e bāstānī , "ancient sport"),

10458-810: Is to throw an opponent, immobilize them with a pin , or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke . While strikes and use of weapons are included in some pre-arranged forms (kata), they are not frequently trained and are illegal in judo competition or free practice. Judo's international governing body is the International Judo Federation , and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit. Judo's philosophy revolves around two primary principles: "Seiryoku-Zenyo" ( 精力善用 , lit.   ' good use of energy ' ) and "Jita-Kyoei" ( 自他共栄 , lit.   ' mutual welfare and benefit ' ) . The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became

10624-551: The Los Angeles Times , however, described the film as a "class act", and some retrospective critics find it to be entertaining for its genre. In 1992, Lundgren starred in the sci-fi action picture Universal Soldier directed by Roland Emmerich . Lundgren (as Sergeant Andrew Scott) and Jean-Claude Van Damme (as Luc Deveraux ) play U.S. soldiers who died during the Vietnam War , only to be later reanimated in

10790-570: The Ancient Olympic Games . The Romans produced gladiatorial combat as a public spectacle. A number of historical combat manuals have survived from the European Middle Ages . This includes such styles as sword and shield , two-handed swordfighting and other types of melee weapons besides unarmed combat. Amongst these are transcriptions of Johannes Liechtenauer 's mnemonic poem on the longsword dating back to

10956-496: The DC Extended Universe film Aquaman , from director James Wan , as the underwater king Nereus . Later in 2021, Lundgren starred and directed in the 2021 action film Castle Falls as Richard Ericson, in his first feature film as directed in nearly 12 years. In 2022, Lundgren starred in a series of Old Spice advertisements to promote a new antiperspirant line of deodorant spray. The advertisements depicted

11122-690: The Eisho-ji ( 永昌寺 ) , a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward). Iikubo, Kano's Kitō-ryū instructor, attended the dōjō three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name Kōdōkan ( 講道館 , Kodokan , "place for expounding the way") , and Kano had not yet received his Menkyo ( 免許 , certificate of mastery) in Kitō-ryū , this

11288-484: The Joseon era and texts such as Muyejebo (1598). European swordsmanship always had a sportive component, but the duel was always a possibility until World War I . Modern sport fencing began developing during the 19th century as the French and Italian military academies began codifying instruction. The Olympic games led to standard international rules, with the Féderation Internationale d'Escrime founded in 1913. Modern boxing originates with Jack Broughton 's rules in

11454-411: The Kuomintang government. Western interest in Asian martial arts arises towards the end of the 19th century, due to the increase in trade between the United States with China and Japan. Relatively few Westerners actually practiced the arts, considering it to be mere performance. Edward William Barton-Wright , a railway engineer who had studied jujutsu while working in Japan between 1894 and 1897,

11620-419: The Lonsdale Belt , introduced in 1909. The International Boxing Association was established in 1920. World Fencing Championships have been held since 1921. As Western influence grew in Asia a greater number of military personnel spent time in China, Japan and South Korea during World War II and the Korean War and were exposed to local fighting styles. Jujutsu, judo and karate first became popular among

11786-423: The Meiji Restoration In 1882, Kano Jigoro established the Kodokan School of judo which began the sport of judo. Kano Jigoro had gathered the old knowledge of jujutsu before establishing his school of judo. Modern Muay Thai rules date to the 1920s. In China, the modern history of martial arts begins in the Nanjing decade (1930s) following the foundation of the Central Guoshu Institute in 1928 under

11952-518: The TV pilot Blackjack (directed by John Woo ) as a former US Marshal who becomes the bodyguard and detective of a young supermodel ( Kam Heskin ), who becomes the target of a psychotic assassin (Phillip MacKenzie). One review described the narrative as "laughably stupid", while the DVD and Video Guide to 2005 said, "dull, lightweight, made-for-TV action fully to a satisfying climax". In 1999, Lundfren played

12118-647: The UFC 1 , there was no scoring, though most now use some form of judging as a backup. Due to these factors, full-contact matches tend to be more aggressive in character, but rule sets may still mandate the use of protective equipment, or limit the techniques allowed. Nearly all mixed martial arts organizations such as UFC , Pancrase , Shooto use a form of full-contact rules as do professional boxing organizations and K-1 . Kyokushin karate requires advanced practitioners to engage in bare-knuckled, full-contact sparring allowing kicks, knees and punching although punching to

12284-626: The University of Sydney . During his time in Sydney , he earned a living as a bouncer in a nightclub in the notorious King's Cross area. Lundgren was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to MIT in 1983. However, while preparing for the move to Boston , he was spotted in the nightclub where he worked in Sydney and was hired by Grace Jones as a bodyguard, and the two became lovers. He moved with Jones to New York City, where he dabbled in modeling at

12450-480: The University of Tokyo , Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in ( 整骨院 , traditional osteopathy practices) . After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke ( c.  1828 –1880), a teacher of the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū of jujutsu, who had a small nine mat dōjō where he taught five students. Fukuda

12616-765: The Zoli Agency but was described as "a bit too tall and muscular for a model's size 40". He earned a living as a bouncer at the Manhattan nightclub The Limelight , which was housed in the former Episcopal Church of the Holy Communion , working with Chazz Palminteri . In the daytime, he studied drama at the Warren Robertson Theatre Workshop and has said that "my time in New York City opened up my adolescent Swedish eyes to

12782-658: The "Benefit of Humanity". Human sacrifice is a matter of ancient history. At the 57th general session of the International Olympic Committee , held in Rome on 22 August 1960, the IOC members formally decided to include Judo among the events to be contested at the Olympic Games. The proposal, which was placed before the session by the Japanese delegation, was welcomed by all participants. The few who opposed had nothing against Judo itself but against increasing

12948-548: The "Reno-Tahoe area". In the film, he portrays Clint Gray, a black-market dealer of exotic species responsible for releasing a dangerous shark into Lake Tahoe . Directed by Jerry Dugan, the film's budget was $ 2 million. On 23 May, straight-to-video film War Pigs premiered at the GI Film Festival . In the film, Lundgren co-starred (alongside Luke Goss ) as Captain Hans Picault, a French Legionnaire who trains

13114-425: The 1550s. The term martial science , or martial sciences , was commonly used to refer to the fighting arts of East Asia ( Asian martial arts ) up until the 1970s, and the term Chinese boxing was also used to refer to Chinese martial arts until then. Some authors have argued that fighting arts or fighting systems would be more appropriate terms on the basis that many martial arts were never "martial" in

13280-574: The 18th century, and reaches its present form with the Marquess of Queensberry Rules of 1867. Certain traditional combat sports and fighting styles exist all over the world, rooted in local culture and folklore. The most common of these are styles of folk wrestling , some of which have been practiced since antiquity and are found in the most remote areas. Other examples include forms of stick fighting and boxing. While these arts are based on historical traditions of folklore, they are not "historical" in

13446-509: The 1970s, especially Bruce Lee films , popularized martial arts in global popular culture . A number of mainstream films produced during the 1980s also contributed significantly to the perception of martial arts in Western popular culture. These include The Karate Kid (1984) and Bloodsport (1988). This era produced some Hollywood action stars with martial arts background, such as Jean-Claude Van Damme and Chuck Norris . Also during

13612-605: The 2000s, Lundgren mostly appeared in direct-to-video films . During this time, Lundgren started directing and starring in his own films; these are The Defender (2004), The Mechanik (2005), Missionary Man (2007), Command Performance (2009), Icarus (2010), Castle Falls (2021) and Wanted Man (2024). Lundgren returned to prominence in 2010 with the role of Gunner Jensen in Sylvester Stallone's The Expendables alongside an all-action star cast. He reprised his role in its sequels . He returned to

13778-470: The 2008 AFI Dallas Film Festival. In 2008, Lundgren starred in the direct-to-video action flick Direct Contact . He plays an ex-US Special forces operative on a rescue mission. This was followed by another direct to video film Command Performance (2009), a hostage action drama in which Lundgren, a proficient musician in real life, plays a rock drummer forced to face terrorists at a concert. The film co-starred Canadian pop singer Melissa Smith , playing

13944-542: The 2010 Melodifestivalen , where the Swedish contribution to the Eurovision Song Contest is selected. In the first installation on 6 February, Lundgren co-hosted the competition together with comedian Christine Meltzer and performer Måns Zelmerlöw . Lundgren's appearance was hailed by critics and audience, particularly his rendition of Elvis Presley 's " A Little Less Conversation ". Lundgren played

14110-647: The 20th century, a number of martial arts were adapted for self-defense purposes for military hand-to-hand combat . World War II combatives , KAPAP (1930s) and Krav Maga (1950s) in Israel, Systema in Soviet-era Russia, and Sanshou in the People's Republic of China are examples of such systems. The US military de-emphasized hand-to-hand combat training during the Cold War period , but revived it with

14276-523: The 65 year old actor as a young adult doing an "80s action movie spoof." Although Lundgren has never competed as a professional bodybuilder, he has been closely associated with bodybuilding and fitness since his role as Drago in the mid-1980s. Bodybuilding.com said, "Looking like a man in his 30s rather than his 50s, Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application that he has practiced for over 35 years". In an interview with them, he claimed to often train up to six days

14442-644: The Czech dance odzemek , and the Norwegian Halling . The mid to late 19th century marks the beginning of the history of martial arts as modern sports developed out of earlier traditional fighting systems. In Europe, this concerns the developments of boxing , wrestling and fencing as sports. In Japan, the same period marks the formation of the modern forms of judo , jujutsu , karate , and kendo (among others) based on revivals of old schools of Edo period martial arts which had been suppressed during

14608-452: The DVD and Film Guide of 2005 wrote, "low-budget mess stars Dolph Lundgren as a navy special operations commander trying to keep a deadly virus out of the hands of terrorists. This subpar effort sinks to the bottom of the ocean in a tidal wave of cliche." During an interview on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in May 2008, Gladiator director Ridley Scott said Lundgren had been considered for

14774-519: The Kodokan with amendments made to prohibit all joint locks for kyu grades and added wrist locks to the prohibited kansetsu-waza for dan grades. It was also stated that the ratio of tachi-waza to ne-waza should be between 70% and 80% for kyu grades and between 60% and 70% for dan grades. In 1916, additional rulings were brought in to further limit kansetsu waza with the prohibition of ashi garami and neck locks, as well as do jime . These were further added to in 1925. Jigoro Kano for

14940-454: The Olympic Games. My view on the matter, at present, is rather passive. If it be the desire of other member countries, I have no objection. But I do not feel inclined to take any initiative. For one thing, judo in reality is not a mere sport or game. I regard it as a principle of life, art and science. In fact, it is a means for personal cultural attainment. Only one of the forms of judo training, so-called randori or free practice can be classed as

15106-537: The Swedish government. He lived in Spånga until the age of 13, when he moved to his grandparents' home in Nyland, Ångermanland . Some sources wrongly state 1959 as his year of birth, but Lundgren himself has confirmed it to be 1957. He has two sisters, Katarina and Annika and an elder brother Johan. Lundgren claims his father was physically abusive and took out his own personal frustrations on his wife and son. He has stated that, during his tirades, his father would call him

15272-568: The U.S. pentathlon team in preparation for the role, which later led to him being selected to serve as the (non-competing) Team Leader of the 1996 U.S. Olympic Modern Pentathlon team during the Atlanta Games , to promote the image of the sport and to coordinate planning and other details between the team and the United States Olympic Committee . The film was seen negatively by most critics; Film Review said it

15438-689: The US Air Force and the only man who can prevent the president being assassinated and with the ability to thwart an imminent nuclear holocaust . The film co-starred Michael Sarrazin , Montel Williams , Roy Scheider and Christopher Heyerdahl , and was shot on location in Montreal. The film was praised for its exciting action sequences. Doug Pratt described the first half of the film as "excellent" and described Lundgren's character as "tenacious", although Robert Cettl wrote "the Peacekeeper trades on

15604-510: The US. However over the years the film developed a cult with some who think it's the best adaptation of the comic. The film was re-evaluated with a much more positive outlook who find Lundgren's performance solid as a ghostly and soul depraved vigilante. In 1990, Lundgren starred in Craig R. Baxley 's sci-fi thriller I Come in Peace (also known as Dark Angel ) opposite Brian Benben , Betsy Brantley , Matthias Hues and Jay Bilas . Lundgren plays

15770-525: The USA inspired by the Brazilian Vale tudo tradition and along with other minimal rule competitions, most notably those from Japan such as Shooto and Pancrase , have evolved into the combat sport of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Some martial artists compete in non-sparring competitions such as breaking or choreographed routines of techniques such as poomse , kata and aka , or modern variations of

15936-781: The United States in the 1970s on various academic scholarships, studying chemical engineering at Washington State University 1976–1977, and Clemson University prior to serving his mandatory one year in the Swedish Coastal Artillery at the Coastal Ranger School . In the late 1970s, he enrolled at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and graduated in the early 1980s with a degree in chemical engineering . Amidst his years of studying, Lundgren honed his karate skills by training in

16102-406: The amount of force that should be used on an opponent. These types of sparring restrict the amount of force that may be used to hit an opponent, in the case of light sparring this is usually to 'touch' contact, e.g. a punch should be 'pulled' as soon as or before contact is made. In medium-contact (sometimes referred to as semi-contact) the punch would not be 'pulled' but not hit with full force. As

16268-522: The amount of force used is restricted, the aim of these types of sparring is not to knock out an opponent; a point system is used in competitions. A referee acts to monitor for fouls and to control the match, while judges mark down scores, as in boxing. Particular targets may be prohibited, certain techniques may be forbidden (such as headbutting or groin hits), and fighters may be required to wear protective equipment on their head, hands, chest, groin, shins or feet. Some grappling arts, such as aikido, use

16434-504: The art in secret, or by telling the colonial authorities that it was a form of dance. While many regional Indian martial arts forms are fading into obscurity, martial arts such as Gatka and Kalaripayattu are experiencing a gradual resurgence. Testing or evaluation is important to martial artists of many disciplines who wish to determine their progression or own level of skill in specific contexts. Students often undergo periodic testing and grading by their own teacher in order to advance to

16600-414: The best exercises for muscle building. Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails, citing his knowledge in chemical engineering as "making really good drinks". Lundgren splits his time between Stockholm and Los Angeles . He speaks Swedish and English fluently, as well as smaller amounts of French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish, but

16766-515: The case of Japanese martial arts , with disciplines such as kenjutsu and kendo (sword), bojutsu (staff), and kyūdō (archery). Similarly, modern martial arts and sports include modern fencing , stick-fighting systems like canne de combat , modern competitive archery and practical shooting . Traditional Korean martial arts place emphasis on the development of the practitioner's spiritual and philosophical being. A common theme in most Korean styles, such as Taekkyon , taekwondo , and Hapkido

16932-610: The colonial authorities during the period of British rule in India , which led to a decline in their popularity. Some, such as Kalaripayattu , were able to resist this decline by practicing in secret. Other Indian martial art, such as Silambam , while not widely practiced in India, continue to be practiced in other countries in the Indian cultural sphere such as Indonesia and Malaysia. Many other Indian martial arts such as Mardhani Khel and Paika Akhada survived by practitioners practicing

17098-478: The combat effectiveness of martial arts or encourage a kind of practice which focuses on winning trophies rather than a focus such as cultivating a particular moral character. The question of "which is the best martial art" has led to inter style competitions fought with very few rules allowing a variety of fighting styles to enter with few limitations. This was the origin of the first Ultimate Fighting Championship tournament (later renamed UFC 1: The Beginning ) in

17264-532: The contest. A lesser throw, where the opponent is thrown onto his back, but with insufficient force to merit an ippon, scores a waza-ari ( 技あり ) . Two scores of waza-ari equal an ippon waza-ari awasete ippon ( 技あり合わせて一本 ,  ) . This rule was cancelled in 2017, but it was resumed in 2018. Formerly, a throw that places the opponent onto his side scores a yuko ( 有効 ) . In 2017, the International Judo Federation announced changes in evaluation of points. There will only be ippon and waza-ari scores given during

17430-491: The credits roll." On the negative side, Pablo Villaça said in his review that while he praised Van Damme's performance, he criticized that of Lundgren and described the film "dull in concept and execution". Later in 2009, Lundgren directed and starred as a businessman whose shady past as a KGB special agent is discovered in the hit-man thriller Icarus (retitled in the US and the UK as The Killing Machine ). In 2010, Lundgren made

17596-504: The discovery of meteors containing deadly bacteria." In 2004, Lundgren made his directorial debut with The Defender , when he replaced Sidney J. Furie , who was sick during pre-production. Lundgren also stars, playing the bodyguard of the head of the National Security Agency during a war on terror. In 2005, Lundgren starred and directed his second picture The Mechanik (a.k.a. The Russian Specialist ), playing

17762-700: The dojo for five years, and had attained a black belt in Kyokushin by the late 1970s. He captained the Swedish Kyokushin karate team, and was a challenger at the 1979 World Open Tournament (arranged by the Kyokushin Karate Organization). He won the European championships in 1980 and 1981, and a full-contact karate tournament in Australia in 1982. In 1982, Lundgren graduated with a master's degree in chemical engineering from

17928-597: The early 5th century CE , with the figure of Bodhidharma , to China. Written evidence of martial arts in Southern India dates back to the Sangam literature of about the 2nd century BCE to the 2nd century AD. The combat techniques of the Sangam period were the earliest precursors to Kalaripayattu In Europe, the earliest sources of martial arts traditions date to Ancient Greece . Boxing ( pygme , pyx ), wrestling ( pale ) and pankration were represented in

18094-668: The film a total of $ 102 million worldwide, on a $ 23 million budget. Despite being a box office hit, it was not well-received; mainstream critics dismissed the movie as a Terminator 2 rip-off. Film critic Roger Ebert said: "it must be fairly thankless to play lunks who have to fight for the entire length of a movie while exchanging monosyllabic idiocies", and included Universal Soldier in his book I Hated, Hated, Hated This Movie . In 1993, Lundgren starred opposite Kristian Alfonso and George Segal in Vic Armstrong 's Joshua Tree . Lundgren plays Wellman Anthony Santee,

18260-606: The film as being "possibly one of the worst films ever". Later in 1998, Lundgren appeared alongside Bruce Payne and Claire Stansfield in Sweepers as Christian Erickson, a leading demolition expert and head of an elite team of specialists, trained to disarm mine fields in a humanitarian minesweeping operation in Angola . The Video Guide to 2002 said, "that noise you hear isn't the numerous on-screen explosions but action star Lundgren's career hitting rock bottom." He also featured in

18426-418: The film changes some details of the character's origin, and eliminates the signature skull logo. These elements troubled fans of the comic book upon its release and were dismissive. Also initial reviews found it to be a trashy comic book film. The film had a troubled release as the studios who made it were changed ownership. While the film was theatrically released internationally, the film went direct-to-video in

18592-452: The film he was billed at 261 pounds (118 kg); one publisher said of Drago, "He's a hulking 261 pounds of merciless fighting machine, the best that Soviet science & medicine can create". His character's lines "If he dies, he dies" and "I must break you" are amongst the best known of the Rocky series , and have often been cited in popular culture. Lundgren hit Stallone so hard during

18758-399: The film was shot. Lundgren said: "We trained six days a week—weights in the morning for about an hour, then boxing in the afternoon. We did a split of chest and back one day and then shoulders, legs, and arms the next. We boxed for an hour and a half, practiced the fight choreography, and did bag work and abs." He weighed 240 pounds (110 kg) – 245 pounds (111 kg) during filming, but in

18924-596: The filming of a fight scene that Stallone was in intensive care in the St. John's Hospital for nine days with a blood pressure of 290, due to swelling of the pericardial sac around his heart. Lundgren later fought in a real boxing match against former UFC fighter Oleg Taktarov , and lost via decision. Lundgren has highlighted the premiere of Rocky IV at the Mann Village Theatre , in Westwood, Los Angeles , as

19090-538: The first Olympic gold medal in the open division of judo by defeating Akio Kaminaga of Japan. The women's event was introduced at the Olympics in 1988 as a demonstration event, and an official medal event in 1992 . Judo was introduced as a Paralympic sport at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul , with women's events contested for the first time at 2004 Summer Paralympics . Judo was an optional sport included in

19256-458: The first contestant to achieve any score wins. If there is no score during this period, then the winner is decided by Hantei ( 判定 ) , the majority opinion of the referee and the two corner judges. There have been changes to the scoring. In January 2013, the Hantei was removed and the "Golden Score" no longer has a time limit. The match would continue until a judoka scored through a technique or if

19422-573: The forefront for promoting Chinese martial arts in the Western world since the late 20th and early 21st centuries. With the continual discovery of more medieval and Renaissance fighting manuals, the practice of Historical European Martial Arts and other Western Martial Arts have been growing in popularity across the United States and Europe. On 29 November 2011, UNESCO inscribed Taekkyon onto its Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity List. Many styles of Indian martial arts were banned by

19588-400: The future with the world dominated by megacorporations and with strong East Asian influences. Reeves plays the title character, a man with a cybernetic brain implant designed to store information. Lundgren plays Karl Honig, a Jesus -obsessed hitman and street preacher who wears a robe and carries a shepherd's staff. Critical response was negative overall; Roger Ebert said, "Johnny Mnemonic

19754-440: The head is disallowed while wearing only a karate gi , mouthguard , groin guard for males , or chest guard worn under the karate gi for females . Brazilian jiu-jitsu and judo matches do not allow striking, but are full-contact in the sense that full force is applied in the permitted grappling and submission techniques. Competitions held by World Taekwondo requires the use of Headgear and padded vest, but are full contact in

19920-486: The intent of the randori is to "win" rather than to learn. Kata ( 形 , kata, forms) are pre-arranged patterns of techniques and in judo, with the exception of elements of the Seiryoku-Zen'yō Kokumin-Taiiku , they are all practised with a partner. Their purposes include illustrating the basic principles of judo, demonstrating the correct execution of a technique, teaching the philosophical tenets upon which judo

20086-533: The introduction of LINE in 1989. In 1993, the first Pancrase event was held in Japan. The K-1 rules of kickboxing were introduced, based on 1980s Seidokaikan karate. During the 1990s, Brazilian jiu-jitsu became popular and proved to be effective in mixed martial arts (MMA) competitions such as the UFC and PRIDE . Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee were prominent martial artists who became major movie figures. Their popularity and media presence has been at

20252-463: The judges. Some critics of point sparring feel that this method of training teaches habits that result in lower combat effectiveness. Lighter-contact sparring may be used exclusively, for children or in other situations when heavy contact would be inappropriate (such as beginners), medium-contact sparring is often used as training for full contact. Full-contact sparring or competition, where strikes or techniques are not pulled but used with full force as

20418-558: The last three years on the Direct Action Unit (DAU) task force, fighting gang crime and corruption and after he leaves he is hunted down by former colleagues for betraying the brotherhood. That year, he played a role in Ed Bye 's comedy Fat Slags . His next starring role was in the science fiction picture Retrograde . In it, Lundgren plays a man who is in a group of genetically unique people who travel back in time to prevent

20584-577: The late fourteenth century. Likewise, Asian martial arts became well-documented during the medieval period, Japanese martial arts beginning with the establishment of the samurai nobility in the 12th century, Chinese martial arts with Ming era treatises such as Ji Xiao Xin Shu , Indian martial arts in medieval texts such as the Agni Purana and the Malla Purana , and Korean martial arts from

20750-936: The lead role in Uwe Boll 's In the Name of the King 2: Two Worlds , and had supporting roles in Jonas Åkerlund 's Small Apartments and a thriller called Stash House . Principal photography for Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning began on 9 May 2011 in Louisiana, and filming wrapped on One in the Chamber (co-starring Cuba Gooding Jr. ) around the same time. The Expendables 2 entered principal photography in late September/early October 2011, with Lundgren reprising his role as Gunner Jensen. Filming wrapped in January 2012, and it

20916-434: The mainstream from the 1950s–1960s. Due in part to Asian and Hollywood martial arts movies , most modern American martial arts are either Asian-derived or Asian influenced. The term kickboxing (キックボクシング) was created by the Japanese boxing promoter Osamu Noguchi for a variant of muay Thai and karate that he created in the 1950s. American kickboxing was developed in the 1970s, as a combination of boxing and karate. Taekwondo

21082-498: The martial arts which include dance-influenced competitions such as tricking. Martial traditions have been influenced by governments to become more sport-like for political purposes; the central impetus for the attempt by the People's Republic of China in transforming Chinese martial arts into the committee-regulated sport of wushu was suppressing what they saw as the potentially subversive aspects of martial training, especially under

21248-482: The match; for safety infringements for example by using prohibited techniques, or for behavior that is deemed to be against the spirit of judo. Fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat. There are currently seven weight divisions , subject to change by governing bodies, and may be modified based on the age of the competitors: A throw that places the opponent on their back with impetus and control scores an ippon ( 一本 ) , winning

21414-419: The model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from Ko-ryū . Judo has also spawned a number of derivative martial arts around the world, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu , Krav Maga , sambo , and ARB . Judo also influenced the formation of other combat styles such as close-quarters combat (CQC), mixed martial arts (MMA), shoot wrestling and submission wrestling . The early history of judo

21580-401: The moment which changed his life, remarking: "I walked in to a Westwood movie theater as Grace Jones' boyfriend and walked out ninety minutes later as the movie star Dolph Lundgren. I was shell-shocked for years from the mind-boggling and daunting experience of being a student-athlete from tiny Sweden suddenly having to live up a new action-star persona." In 1987, Lundgren released on home media

21746-652: The most vividly remembered fighting in a foreign land of recent Western history. This innovation, associating the muscle image with the Vietnam experience, is carried over into other contemporary muscle films." Another said, "fine performances by an all-star Dolph Lundgren as a mercenary assigned to 'convince' a cast in this offbeat and disturbing film." In 1995, Lundgren appeared in Robert Longo 's Johnny Mnemonic , co-starring Keanu Reeves . The film portrays screenwriter William Gibson 's dystopian cyberpunk view of

21912-456: The name implies, has a number of tactical differences from light and medium-contact sparring. It is considered by some to be requisite in learning realistic unarmed combat. In full-contact sparring, the aim of a competitive match is to knock out the opponent or to force the opponent to submit . Where scoring takes place it may be a subsidiary measure, only used if no clear winner has been established by other means; in some competitions, such as

22078-522: The number of Olympic events as a whole. There were only two dissenting votes in the final poll. For the first time in history a traditional Japanese sport has been included in the Olympic competition. Finally, judo was first contested as an Olympic sport for men in the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Olympic Committee initially dropped judo for the 1968 Olympics, meeting protests. Dutchman Anton Geesink won

22244-427: The opponent is penalised (Hansoku-make). Two types of penalties may be awarded. A shido (指導 – literally "guidance") is awarded for minor rule infringements. A shido can also be awarded for a prolonged period of non-aggression. Recent rule changes allow for the first shidos to result in only warnings. If there is a tie, then and only then, will the number of shidos (if less than three) be used to determine

22410-412: The opponent's back strikes flat onto the mat with sufficient force, by "Pinning" them on their back for a "sufficient" amount of time, or by "Submission", which could be achieved via Shime-waza or Kansetsu-waza , in which the opponent was forced to give himself or herself up or summon a referee's or corner-judge's stoppage. Finger, toe and ankle locks were prohibited. In 1900, these rules were adopted by

22576-701: The part of undefeated fighter Tigris of Gaul in 2000, but was eventually rejected because "as an actor, he just didn't fit in with what we were trying to achieve". In 2001, Lundgren starred in Hidden Agenda , directed by Marc S. Grenier. He plays Jason Price, an ex-FBI agent who protects a witness. In 2003, Lundgren featured in Sidney J. Furie 's Detention . In 2004, Lundren appeared opposite Polly Shannon in Direct Action under Sidney J. Furie , portraying Sergeant Frank Gannon, an officer who has spent

22742-414: The practice of "kata", and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, increasingly to Kano. Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dōjō of Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835–1889) of Kitō-ryū ( 起倒流 ) . Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori , with Kitō-ryū having a greater focus on nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing techniques) . In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dōjō at

22908-562: The presence of B-movie action star Dolph Lundgren, an actor who never became as popular as his action contemporaries Jean-Claude Van Damme and Steven Seagal." In 1998, he appeared in Jean-Marc Piché's action/ supernatural horror film The Minion alongside Françoise Robertson Lundgren portrays Lukas Sadorov, a middle eastern templar and member of an order who are charged with guarding the gateway to Hell that, if opened, will unleash all evil. The DVD and Video Guide of 2005 described

23074-524: The principles of seiryoku zen'yō ( 精力善用 , maximum efficiency, minimum effort) and jita kyōei ( 自他共栄 , mutual welfare and benefit) . He illustrated the application of seiryoku zen'yō with the concept of jū yoku gō o seisu ( 柔能く剛を制す - 柔能剛制 , softness controls hardness) : In short, resisting a more powerful opponent will result in your defeat, whilst adjusting to and evading your opponent's attack will cause him to lose his balance, his power will be reduced, and you will defeat him. This can apply whatever

23240-658: The recently crucified Jesus. The film, shot on location in Tunisia and Bulgaria, premiered at the Capri, Hollywood and the Los Angeles Italia Film Festival . In 2007, Lundgren directed and starred in the Mongolia-based action adventure, Diamond Dogs . Lundgren plays a mercenary hired by a group of fortune hunters to act as their guide and bodyguard. The film, a Canadian-Chinese production,

23406-491: The relative values of power, thus making it possible for weaker opponents to beat significantly stronger ones. This is the theory of ju yoku go o seisu . Kano realised that seiryoku zen'yō , initially conceived as a jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application. Coupled with the Confucianist -influenced jita kyōei , the wider application shaped the development of judo from a bujutsu ( 武術 , martial art) to

23572-490: The role of Ivan Drago in Creed II (2018). He also had notable roles in the fifth season of Arrow (2017), James Wan 's Aquaman (2018), and Kyle Balda 's Minions: The Rise of Gru (2022). Hans Lundgren was born in Spånga , Stockholm County , Sweden and to Sigrid Birgitta ( née Tjerneld; 1932–1992), a language teacher, and Karl Hugo Johan Lundgren (1923–2000), an engineer (M.Sc.) and economist (MBA) for

23738-545: The same year. The film received a limited theatrical release, followed by a Blu-ray and DVD release on 25 August 2015. In February, he filmed a cameo for the Coen brothers ' 2016 comedy film Hail, Caesar! , portraying a Soviet submarine captain. On 21 January 2015, Lundgren started filming straight-to-video film Shark Lake on the Mississippi Gulf Coast . This was followed by a further six weeks of filming in

23904-429: The sense of being used or created by professional warriors . Martial arts may be categorized using a variety of criteria, including: Unarmed martial arts can be broadly grouped into those focusing on strikes , those focusing on grappling , and those that cover both fields, often described as hybrid martial arts . Strikes Grappling The traditional martial arts that cover armed combat often encompass

24070-504: The sense that full force is applied to strikes to the head and body, and win by knockout is possible. Martial arts have crossed over into sports when forms of sparring become competitive, becoming a sport in its own right that is dissociated from the original combative origin, such as with western fencing. The Summer Olympic Games includes judo, taekwondo, western archery, boxing, javelin, wrestling and fencing as events, while Chinese wushu recently failed in its bid to be included, but

24236-763: The sense that they reconstruct or preserve a historical system from a specific era. They are rather contemporary regional sports that coexist with the modern forms of martial arts sports as they have developed since the 19th century, often including cross-fertilization between sports and folk styles; thus, the traditional Thai art of muay boran developed into the modern national sport of muay Thai , which in turn came to be practiced worldwide and contributed significantly to modern hybrid styles like kickboxing and mixed martial arts . Singlestick , an English martial art can be seen often used in morris dancing . Many European dances share elements of martial arts with examples including Ukrainian Hopak , Polish Zbójnicki (use of ciupaga ),

24402-821: The three editions of the Commonwealth Games : 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. From 2022, judo will become a core sport in the 22nd edition of the Commonwealth Games, in Birmingham and also the 23rd edition of the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Penalties may be given for: passivity or preventing progress in

24568-555: The throw up to the point of kake . Traditionally, nage-waza are further categorised into tachi-waza ( 立ち技 , standing techniques) , throws that are performed with tori maintaining an upright position, and sutemi-waza ( 捨身技 , sacrifice techniques) , throws in which tori sacrifices his upright position in order to throw uke . Tachi-waza are further subdivided into te-waza ( 手技 , hand techniques) , in which tori predominantly uses their arms to throw uke ; koshi-waza ( 腰技 , hip techniques) throws that predominantly use

24734-449: The time a few bujitsu (martial arts) experts still existed but bujitsu was almost abandoned by the nation at large. Even if I wanted to teach jujitsu most people had now stopped thinking about it. So I thought it better to teach under a different name principally because my objectives were much wider than jujitsu. Kano believed that " jūjutsu " was insufficient to describe his art: although jutsu ( 術 ) means "art" or "means", it implies

24900-731: The tournament of the penalized player. A number of judo practitioners have made an impact in mixed martial arts . Notable judo-trained MMA fighters include Olympic medalists Hidehiko Yoshida (Gold, 1992), Naoya Ogawa (Silver, 1992), Paweł Nastula (Gold, 1996), Makoto Takimoto (Gold, 2000), Satoshi Ishii (Gold, 2008), Ronda Rousey (Bronze, 2008), and Kayla Harrison (Gold, 2012 and 2016), former Russian national judo championship bronze medalist Fedor Emelianenko , Yoshihiro Akiyama , Don Frye , Rick Hawn , Daniel Kelly , Hector Lombard , Karo Parisyan , Ayaka Hamasaki , Antônio Silva , Oleg Taktarov , Rhadi Ferguson , Dong-Sik Yoon , and Khabib Nurmagomedov . Kano Jigoro's Kodokan judo

25066-406: The traditional system of family lineages. Martial arts training aims to result in several benefits to trainees, such as their physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health. Through systematic practice in the martial arts a person's physical fitness may be boosted (strength, stamina, speed, flexibility, movement coordination, etc.) as the whole body is exercised and the entire muscular system

25232-405: The winner. After three shidos are given, the victory is given to the opponent, constituting an indirect hansoku-make (反則負け – literally "foul-play defeat"), but does not result in expulsion from the tournament. Note: Prior to 2017, the 4th shido was hansoku-make. If hansoku-make is awarded for a major rule infringement, it results not just in loss of the match, but in the expulsion from

25398-424: The world. Since its release, the film has received better than average reviews for a straight-to-DVD franchise sequel, with film critic Brian Orndorf giving the film a B, calling it "moody, pleasingly quick-draw, and knows when to quit, making the Universal Soldier brand name bizarrely vital once again." Dread Central gave it three out of five knives, saying: "there is almost nothing but solid b-level action until

25564-457: Was "appallingly acted and monotonous" and Video Movie Guide 2002 described it as a "silly Cold War thriller". Later in 1994, Lundgren appeared in Perry Lang 's Men of War (scripted by John Sayles ) alongside Charlotte Lewis and BD Wong , as Nick Gunar, a former Special Ops soldier who leads a group of mercenaries to a treasure island in the South China Sea . The film was well received by some critics. One author said " Men of War invokes

25730-483: Was adopted by the family, changing his name to Kano. He ultimately became an official in the Shogunate government. Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, shodō ( 書道 , Japanese calligraphy ) and the Four Confucian Texts ( 四書 , Shisho ) under a number of tutors. When he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in Shiba, Tokyo . The culture of bullying endemic at this school

25896-413: Was awarded for holds of longer than 15 seconds and yuko for holds of longer than 10 seconds). Formerly, there was an additional score that was lesser to yuko, that of Koka ( 効果 ) . This has since been removed. If the scores are identical at the end of the match, the contest is resolved by the Golden Score rule. Golden Score is a sudden death situation where the clock is reset to match-time, and

26062-499: Was completing a master's degree in chemical engineering on an exchange program with the University of Sydney in Australia, Jones spotted him at a dance club and hired him as a bodyguard. Lundgren was whisked off to the United States, where he completed his final thesis. In 1994, he married Anette Qviberg (b. 1966), a jewellery designer and fashion stylist, in Marbella . The couple decided they liked Marbella so much that they rented accommodations there for years, before eventually buying

26228-521: Was developed in the context of the Korean War in the 1950s. The later 1960s and 1970s witnessed an increased media interest in Chinese martial arts , influenced by martial artist Bruce Lee . Bruce Lee is credited as one of the first instructors to openly teach Chinese martial arts to Westerners. World Judo Championships have been held since 1956, Judo at the Summer Olympics was introduced in 1964. Karate World Championships were introduced in 1970. The " kung fu wave " of Hong Kong action cinema in

26394-409: Was instituted in his name, which is awarded to the student with the best grades at Ådalsskolan in Kramfors , the school where he himself studied. Lundgren then reunited with Jean-Claude Van Damme in Universal Soldier: Regeneration , where he plays Andrew Scott's clone. The film was released theatrically in the Middle East and Southeast Asia and directly to video in the United States and other parts of

26560-406: Was poorly received and has an 17% "rotten" rating at Rotten Tomatoes. Stephen Holden of The New York Times said: "Dolph Lundgren's pectorals are the real stars of Red Scorpion, an action-adventure movie set in the fictional African country of Mombaka. Filmed from below so that one has the sense of peering up at a massive kinetic sculpture, his glistening torso, which over the course of the film

26726-457: Was popularized by mainstream popular culture during the 1960s to 1970s, notably by Hong Kong martial arts films (most famously those of Bruce Lee ) during the so-called " chopsocky " wave of the early 1970s. According to John Clements, the term martial arts itself is derived from an older Latin term meaning "arts of Mars ", the Roman god of war, and was used to refer to the combat systems of Europe ( European martial arts ) as early as

26892-433: Was released by Lionsgate on 17 August later that year. In 2013, Lundgren starred alongside Steve Austin in The Package . Directed by Jesse Johnson , principal photography wrapped in March 2012, and the film was released on 9 February 2013. For a direct-to-DVD film, The Package was not a financial success. In its first week of release, the film debuted at no. 81; grossing $ 1,469 at the domestic box office. He starred in

27058-491: Was released. Also starred Van Damme, this was their fifth collaboration between both actors as well as the first time they appear together as on-screen allies. Lundgren reprised his role of Ivan Drago from Rocky IV in Creed II , the 2018 sequel to Creed . He played an older, impoverished Drago in the film, which also introduces the character's son, Viktor. This marked the beginning of what New York has described as Lundgren's "comeback." Also that year, Lundgren appeared in

27224-421: Was shot on location in Inner Mongolia . Later in 2007, Lundgren wrote, directed and starred in the modern western film, Missionary Man alongside Charles Solomon Jr. Lundgren plays a lone, Bible-preaching stranger named Ryder who comes into a small Texas town on his 1970's Harley-Davidson motorcycle to attend the funeral of his good friend J.J., a local Native American carpenter, only to later get mixed up in

27390-507: Was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a Jūjutsu ( 柔術 , Jujutsu ) dōjō ( 道場 , dōjō , training place) at which to train. Early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. Jujutsu had become unfashionable in an increasingly westernized Japan. Many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kanō's father and

27556-469: Was the first man known to have taught Asian martial arts in Europe. He also founded an eclectic style named Bartitsu which combined jujutsu, judo, wrestling, boxing, savate and stick fighting . Fencing and Greco-Roman wrestling was included in the 1896 Summer Olympics . FILA Wrestling World Championships and Boxing at the Summer Olympics were introduced in 1904. The tradition of awarding championship belts in wrestling and boxing can be traced to

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