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43-535: The United Workers' Party with less than 34% of the votes was the majority party in Dominica's parliament from 1995 until 2000, led by party co-founder Edison James as Prime Minister of Dominica . The party now has a new leader, Thomson Fontaine who is the current Leader of the Opposition. In the 2014 general elections , the party won 6 seats out of the 21. This was reduced to 3 in 2019, and 0 in 2022 following

86-670: A Chartered Engineer . In the U.K. a postgraduate diploma is a postgraduate qualification at the level of a master's degree (level 7 of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, level 11 of the Framework for Qualification of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland). They are considered by the National Qualification Framework (NQF) to be at a comparable level to

129-450: A boycott of the 2022 general elections . The party was founded in 1988 by Edison James , Julius Timothy , Vernice Bellony , Norris Prevost, Dennis La Bassiere and others. In the 1990 elections, the UWP won 6 of the 21 seats and became the official opposition. In 1995, the UWP won 11 seats at the general elections forming the first UWP government headed by Edison James as prime minister. At

172-403: A master's degree, however, they require fewer study credits to achieve (120 credits) when compared to a full master's degree (180 credits). They are typically classified into Distinction, Merit, and Pass, similar to most master's courses. Many schools of architecture commonly operate a 1 or 2-year postgraduate diploma course providing ARB part 3 education in this fashion. A postgraduate diploma

215-765: A more practical application in order to enter the labor market. Depending on the province, the title can vary: Post-Graduate Diploma, Graduate Diploma, Post-Graduate Certification, Post-Baccalaureate or D.E.S.S. ( Quebec 's Diplômes d'études supérieures spécialisées ). See links to the Canadian education system, as the various regions can be quite different. In India , there are a number of institutes and universities offering postgraduate diploma programs (PG Diploma). These post-graduate diploma programs are mainly one-year programs that are divided into two to four semesters, depending on hands-on training, field work, and credit requirements. These are master's level programs that only cover

258-415: A post-nominal, which is usually listed after all other academic degrees in ascending order, but before any professional qualifications. In Nigeria PGD is used as a required supplement for students seeking to apply for another postgraduate program (e.g. PhD, Master's degree e.t.c) who have a Higher National Diploma (HND), other lower degrees, a degree in a course that is not connected to the one for which seek

301-421: A postgraduate certificate program consists of two to three semesters, which can be completed in less than one year in some instances. A university's degree or a master's degree is required to be accepted in this type of program. It offers the advantage of not requiring to write a thesis and to focus on a concise subject. It is recommended for students wishing to enhance their professional skills as it concentrates on

344-519: A postgraduate diploma (in Portuguese Pós-graduação ) can be awarded under two circumstances: 1) as part of an independent program of studies; 2) after the completion of the first year of study in a masters program. The postgraduate diploma is a postgraduate academic qualification taken after a bachelor's degree . It is usually awarded by a university or a graduate school . It usually takes two or more study terms to complete,

387-644: A short space of time, such as the Graduate Diploma in Law (also known as the Common Professional Exam ), which allows a postgraduate student to study the seven foundation subjects of a three-year undergraduate law degree, in a period of nine months. The City and Guilds of London Institute awards a post graduate diploma 9210 in engineering subjects that are endorsed by the professional engineering institutions, and count toward qualifying as

430-630: A wide variety of courses are offered. It is also possible for graduate diploma holders to progress to a master's degree . Only postgraduate diplomas that are registered with the Ministry of Education (Singapore) are recognised by the industry. The postgraduate diploma (PgDip) is awarded by a variety of Spain universities and follows the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) grading system. For example, Pablo de Olavide University offers an English-language PgDip in

473-706: Is a postgraduate qualification at the level of a master's degree , awarded after a university degree , which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma . The minimum requirement of completing a Bachelor's degree is necessary to start the Postgraduate course. The duration of a Postgraduate course can vary from 1 year to 2 years. Countries that award postgraduate diplomas include but are not limited to Australia , Bangladesh , Barbados , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Colombia , Germany , Hong Kong , Jamaica , Spain , Kenya , South Africa , Sudan , India , Israel , Ireland ,

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516-681: Is a Level 8 Honours Degree in line with EQF standards, including Bachelor's degree or vocational degrees, such as the Meister or Staatlich Geprüfter Betriebswirt in Germany. Most institutions operate under the Recognition of Prior Experiential Learning (RPEL) scheme meaning applicants who do not meet the normal academic requirements may be considered based on publications, relevant work or research experience, which will usually involve an assessment centre or interview process. In Ireland,

559-460: Is also eight. A postgraduate diploma (or Australian graduate diploma) indicates master's -level studies; a Graduate Diploma is generally equivalent to the first year of a two-year master's degree. Admission is typically based on past study such as via a university degree , although other factors can be taken into account. In Bangladesh, both public and private sector institutions offer Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) programmes across various fields. In

602-460: Is commonly awarded to students who have completed the master's programme and continuing a one-year advanced course similar to the first year of a PhD program. A postgraduate diploma typically represents 120 credits of postgraduate courses (whereas a full master's degree is usually 180 credits). Postgraduate diplomas are usually abbreviated as PGDip, PG Dip, PgD, PgDip, and, similar to a PgCert , diploma holders are permitted to use 'PgDip' or 'PgD' as

645-561: Is no longer leader of the United Workers' Party, he still enjoyed considerable support. 32% of respondents favored his leadership, compared to 58% for the prime minister, Skerrit, and 6% for the current United Workers' Party leader, Williams. James was president of the UWP for three years, and then was re-elected political leader of the party at its January 2012 convention. Post graduate diploma A postgraduate diploma ( PgD , PgDip , PGDip , PG Dip. , PGD , Dipl. PGD )

688-744: The Dominica Grammar School . He has a BSc degree in botany from the University of East London , a MSc degree in biochemistry from the University of Reading and a post graduate diploma in crop protection technology from Imperial College . He worked in a number of local and regional institutions including the Caribbean Development Bank , but it was as manager of the Dominica Banana Marketing Company that he rose to prominence on

731-534: The Dominica Labour Party , the party held 8 seats in Parliament and remained in opposition. In December 2005, James stood down as political leader and was replaced by Attorney Earl Williams , Minister of Communications and Works in the last UWP administration. Williams defeated founding member and then Deputy Leader Julius Timothy who also sought the leadership of the party. As a result Timothy,

774-575: The Legal Practice Course or the Bar Vocational Course ; the resulting diplomas allow the student to enter legal training, relevant to either the solicitor or barrister professions, respectively. Postgraduate diplomas allow a graduate student to study a more advanced programme than at the bachelor's level. It is contrasted with a graduate diploma , where a student studies a new academic subject at degree level, but in

817-757: The Netherlands , New Zealand , Nigeria , Republic of Panama the Philippines , Portugal , Russia , Pakistan , Poland , Saudi Arabia , Singapore , Sweden , the United Kingdom , Sri Lanka , Trinidad and Tobago and Zimbabwe . Level of education and recognition differ per issuing country. The Australian equivalent of a postgraduate diploma is called a Graduate Diploma (GDip or GradDip), situated at AQF (Australian Qualifications Framework) level eight. New Zealand universities offer postgraduate diplomas (PostGradDip). NZQA level of post graduate diploma

860-520: The Organization of American States (OAS) and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). In Sri Lanka, a postgraduate diploma is a postgraduate academic qualification taken after a bachelor's degree . There is a vast number of postgraduate diplomas available in England and Wales. This could be a vocational course studied after an academic degree , such as

903-434: The 31 January 2000 elections , the party won 43.3% of the popular vote and 9 out of 21 elected members of parliament. Though it captured the most popular votes, it got fewer seats than the Dominica Labour Party . The party was therefore once again in opposition. James continued to lead the party, which set up a tough campaign for the 5 May 2005 elections, but lost 1 seat. After the election, this time receiving fewer votes than

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946-743: The Integral Protection of Human Rights Defenders and Social Activists in cooperation with Protection International . The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) offers an English-language PgDip in International Election Observation and Electoral Assistance, run in cooperation with many organisations in the field of election monitoring, such as The Carter Center , Electoral Reform International Services (ERIS), International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), National Democratic Institute (NDI),

989-690: The May 2005 elections, the party conducted a vigorous campaign but it lost one seat in parliament. James continued as leader of the opposition. In July 2005, he was appointed to the CARICOM leaders of government and parliamentary opposition parties committee. However, in December 2005, he did not seek re-election as party leader and he was replaced by Earl Williams . In July 2007, he ceded the office to Williams. A February 2007 poll conducted by Caribbean Development Research Services Inc (CADRES) found that, though he

1032-545: The Minister of Finance under the UWP government, left the party and crossed the floor to join the Dominica Labour Party government. This resulted in the UWP being reduced to seven seats in Parliament. In the general election held in December 2009, the UWP lost four of its seven seats, including the seat of party leader Ronald Green . The UWP subsequently filed litigation in the Roseau High Court challenging

1075-451: The UWP government divested its shares in the island's only power company, the move was met with vociferous condemnation by the opposition. The opposition was also aroused to indignation by the government's decision to offer asylum to the Saudi dissident Mohammad al-Massari , a decision which James later admitted was based on a hope of increased British aid. The government was also pilloried for

1118-496: The banana industry was no longer vibrant and so the James-led government embarked on an ambitious program of economic diversification. It passed legislation allowing the creation of off-shore business. In addition, it sought to allow an Australian mining company to conduct exploratory drilling on the island but that move was subsequently abandoned due to criticisms that it would sully the island's reputation as "The Nature Isle". When

1161-521: The by-election, against the same candidates they faced in the 2009 general election. UWP member Hector John was sworn in as Leader of the Opposition on 19 July 2010. Four of the six UWP legal petitions were dismissed in August 2010. The UWP members are expected to end their boycott, citing as a reason the President's announcement that funds would be made available for election reform. Edison James

1204-416: The credit requirement for a master's program with increased number of lower credit courses for 2 years, these programs are provisionally considered equivalent to a master's level. Postgraduate diploma programs are meant for those with a bachelor's degree to gain an advanced technical grasp and to those with a master's degree to enhance their interdisciplinary/translation grasp. Commonly referred to as PgD,

1247-520: The economic citizenship program which it had re-engineered and enlarged when it came into office; some thought that the island could become a haven for criminal elements. This criticism was fuelled by the revelation that the Australian fugitive Christopher Skase had used the programme to become a citizen of the island. Trying to increase the number of stay-over visitors to the island, the UWP government sought to build an international airport, but this

1290-788: The essentials. These programs are mainly targeted to offer professional education and training to the candidates for the better employment opportunity and industry readiness. It is designed to provide in-depth exposure to concepts, scientific principles, implementation methodology of new approaches. Post-graduate diplomas in Management , Post-graduate diploma in Banking & Finance , Remote Sensing & GIS, Robotics , Industrial Maintenance Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, are examples of courses offered in India. Certain institutes provide postgraduate diploma programs which satisfies

1333-467: The island for a fee. In the run-up to the 1995 elections, James accused the Eugenia Charles -led government of bugging his party's offices. A commission formed to investigate the matter concluded that the allegations were baseless. On June 12, 1995, elections he led the party to victory with 11 out of 21 seats with fewer votes than the incumbent Freedom Party and became prime minister . By then,

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1376-721: The island. He was instrumental in resuscitating the island's critical banana industry which had been decimated by Hurricane David . James has been active in regional cricket as an administrator and was the manager of the Windward Islands cricket team and the Combined Islands cricket team . He is a member of the Rotary Club . In 1988, he headed a committee which founded the United Workers' Party and became its first political leader. From its inception,

1419-607: The most votes as a block, the party lost three seats and its majority in parliament. No party won enough seats to form a government on its own. Dominica's other two major parties, the Dominica Freedom Party and the Dominica Labour Party , had agreed to a co-operation agreement to win the election and it was no surprise when they made a coalition against the Workers' Party. James was replaced as prime minister by Roosevelt Douglas . In February 2000, James returned to

1462-399: The office of leader of the opposition. Back in opposition, he called on the government to prosecute the charges of corruption in order to clear his party's name, but the government never charged any members of his party with wrongdoing. He was sued for libel by Eugenia Charles as a result of the bugging allegations; he agreed to compensate as well as to publicly apologise to Dame Eugenia. In

1505-468: The party was assailed as a group of "disgruntled businessmen" or "greedy businessmen" as described by the established parties but, in 1990, the party won six seats in the 21 seat House of Assembly and James became the Leader of the Opposition . As leader of the opposition, he criticized the ruling Dominica Freedom Party for instituting an economic-citizen programme whereby persons could become citizens of

1548-537: The postgraduate diploma ( Gaeilge : Dioplóma Iarchéime ) has been awarded by the Higher Education and Training Awards Council (also known as QQI, Quality Qualifications Ireland, Gaeilge: Dearbhú Cáilíochta agus Cáilíochtaí Éireann ), since June 2005 in institutions associated with and accredited by the council. This postgraduate qualification is awarded for a wide range of programmes in the sciences, engineering, and humanities, among others. Entry requirement

1591-507: The public sector, Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM) provides a range of Postgraduate Diploma courses, notably in Management, aimed at developing managerial skills for mid-career professionals. In the private sector, institutions like Bangladesh Institute of Management Studies (BiMS) offer Postgraduate Diplomas, with programmes designed to enhance practical and theoretical knowledge for professionals across disciplines. In Canada,

1634-571: The results of five constituencies, including that of Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit , and demanding a new general election; pending the results, the three UWP members boycotted parliament. After two UWP members did not attend three consecutive sessions, Speaker of the House Alix Boyd Knights declared their seats vacant in April, and a by-election was scheduled for 9 July 2010. Both UWP members ran and won their seats again in

1677-538: The vast majority of postgraduate diplomas require the same duration and level of studies as a Master's degree , namely EQF Level 9, yet additional coursework or an independent research project replace the thesis. While progression to doctoral study is only possible at selected universities in Ireland, the Irish postgraduate diploma is widely accepted for entry to EQF Level 8 doctoral degree's in most countries. In Portugal

1720-449: Was a proliferation in the number of scholarships available for secondary and college education. There was some success in diversifying the island's monocrop agricultural sector away from bananas and towards other crops. It also increased public spending on capital projects including roads, schools and sea walls. These projects had a visible impact on the economy and the economy grew every year under his leadership. This sort of economic program

1763-461: Was again met with a cacophony of criticism as some thought that the country would not be able to pay back the debt which would have had to be contracted. The government purchased the requisite lands for the airport but did not have time to physically begin the project. The James-led government was dogged by charges of corruption and these allegations only increased as its term progressed. James' government did produce some significant achievements. There

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1806-459: Was branded " tou-pas-touism ", a Creole word meaning "everywhere". However, the opposition argued that the growing economy was only being financed by debt. Feeling confident with his government's achievements, James called a snap election six months before it were due in order to quell the allegations of corruption. In the January 2000 elections, the party suffered a surprise defeat. Though it won

1849-458: Was reelected political leader of the UWP at its January 2012 convention, and Ezekiel Bazil was elected the party's president. Edison James Edison Chenfil James (born 18 October 1943) is a Dominican politician who was the prime minister of Dominica from June 14, 1995, to February 3, 2000, as well as the member of parliament for the Marigot constituency from 1990. He graduated from

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