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54-473: The Donskoy breed is able to be traced back to one kitten. This breed started in 1987 with the discovery of a hairless cat in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don by cat breeder Elena Kovaleva. She had rescued a blue tortoiseshell kitten , which she named Varvara. At around four months of age, the cat began to lose fur. Varvara mated with a local tomcat and produced a litter of kittens. Some were born hairless, and

108-732: A "port of five seas" (reachable from the Black Sea , the Sea of Azov , the Caspian Sea , the White Sea , and the Baltic Sea ). See the article Port of Rostov-on-Don In modern times, Rostov-on-Don has experienced economic growth. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub. For instance, Rostov-on-Don

162-519: A guard of honour. In 1870, an oval-shaped mayoral decoration wrought from precious or semi-precious white metal was introduced. On the front is written "Rostov-on-Don" at the top, the Rostov-on-Don coat-of-arms is in the center and the inscription, "Mayor of the City" is written at the bottom. On its reverse side, the day of its adoption, April 9, 1996, is recorded. The decoration is worn over

216-516: A negotiated settlement with the Russian government and military, the Wagner Group withdrew from the city. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. Rostov-on-Don is divided into eight city districts: The 2021 census recorded

270-606: A program to create eight multimillion conglomerate population centees or 'super cities'. The Rostov Oblast will be one of these. "The Greater Rostov" metropolitan area will include the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Novocherkassk , Taganrog , Aksay , Bataysk , and Azov . In 1929, the first automatic telephone exchange in Russia with a capacity of 6,000 numbers commenced in Rostov-on-Don. Since 2004, standard telephone numbers in Rostov-on-Don have been seven digits in length. Since 2009, city numbers have begun with "2". The city dialing code

324-818: A short coat of fur; however, it is usually bristly or wiry. These Donskoys have bald spots on their head, neck, and back and do not lose the rest of fur as they grow. The Brush Coat Donskoy is the only type of Donskoy disqualified from the show ring. Not all cat registries recognize the Donskoy, and there are some concerns about the genetic health of the breed. The dominant genetic mutation causing hairlessness in Peterbalds and Donskoys could cause feline ectodermal dysplasia in its homozygous form, causing problems including poor dentition and compromised ability to lactate or sweat. Similar dominant mutations (such as in FOXI3 ) cause

378-533: A site called Zmievskaya Balka . On 19 March 2016, Flydubai Flight 981 , a Boeing 737-800 operating from Dubai to Rostov-on-Don in Russia, crashed during a go-around in inclement weather at Rostov-on-Don Airport , killing all 62 people (55 passengers and 7 crew) on board. Rostov-on-Don hosted several matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Rostov-on-Don is the location of the Russian Southern Military District , which includes

432-944: A synagogue , a mosque , and the Diamond Way Buddhist Center of the Karma Kagyu Tradition. There are also several Armenian and Greek Orthodox churches in the city, with one of the Armenian churches being the oldest standing building in Rostov. All of the Armenian churches are in the Nakhichevan-on-Don district of the city. See also List of synagogues in Russia and History of the Jews in Rostov-on-Don Ectodermal dysplasia Ectodermal dysplasia ( ED )

486-526: A wavy, short coat and a bald spot of the top of their heads. The wavy coat is short-lived, as within the first year, the kittens will lose their hair. Some Velour Coat Donskoys will continue to have a small amount of fuzz on their face, legs, and tail. Other Velour Coat Donskoys will lose all of their hair and become completely bald. Brush Coat: Like the Velour Coat, the Brush Coat is also born with

540-643: Is autosomal dominant or recessive . Ectodermal dysplasias are described as "heritable conditions in which there are abnormalities of two or more ectodermal structures such as the hair , teeth , nails , sweat glands , salivary glands , cranial-facial structure, digits and other parts of the body." Individuals affected by an ED syndrome frequently have abnormalities of the hair follicles. Scalp and body hair may be thin, sparse, and very light in color, even though beard growth in affected males may be normal. The hair may grow very slowly or sporadically and it may be excessively fragile, curly, or even twisted. Kinky hair

594-886: Is "863". The first commercial bank in the South of Russia, Rostovsoсbank , was opened in Rostov-on-Don. The bank existed from 1989 to 1998, and before the withdrawal of the banking license it made a full return of deposits to all depositors. The largest bank in the Rostov region is Center-Invest . In total, there are about 50 banks and their branches, 17% local banks, 80% representative offices of federal banks, and 4% representative offices of foreign banks. Rostov-on-Don hosts higher educational establishments, including universities, academies, secondary schools of vocational training including colleges, technical schools, specialized schools, and elementary schools of vocational training including lyceums, professional colleges and schools of general education. The largest educational establishments in

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648-460: Is a center for helicopter and farm machinery manufacturing. The "Tebodin" engineering company opened its fourth office in Rostov-on-Don in June 2010. Public transport in Rostov-on-Don includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, and marshrutkas (routed minibus, usually a 17-passenger Mercedes Sprinter). The Rostov Metro was planned in the early 1990s and later in the 2000s and 2010s. At the end of 2021,

702-412: Is a group of genetic syndromes all deriving from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures. More than 150 different syndromes have been identified. Despite some of the syndromes having different genetic causes, the symptoms are sometimes very similar. Diagnosis is usually by clinical observation, often with the assistance of family medical histories so that it can be determined whether transmission

756-525: Is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with the north. Rostov-on-Don is a trading port for Russian, Italian, Greek and Turkish merchants selling, for example, wool, wheat and oil. It is also an important river port for passengers. The Rostov-on-Don agricultural region produces one-third of Russia's vegetable oil from sunflowers. With the construction of the Volga-Don Shipping Canal in 1952, Rostov-on-Don has become known as

810-700: Is also a possibility. Fingernails and toenails may be thick, abnormally shaped, discolored, ridged, slow-growing, or brittle. The cuticles may be prone to infections. The skin may be lightly pigmented. Skin sustaining injury may grow back permanently hypo-pigmented. In some cases, red or brown pigmentation may be present. Skin can be prone to rashes or infections and can be thick over the palms and soles. Care must be taken to prevent cracking, bleeding, and infection. Individuals affected by certain ED syndromes cannot perspire . Their sweat glands may function abnormally or may not have developed at all because of inactive proteins in

864-432: Is common, longer or more pronounced chins are frequent, broader noses are also very common. Sunken cheeks, wrinkled hyper pigmented periorbital skin, thick everted protuberant lips are also seen in ED cases .In some types of ED, abnormal development of parts of the eye can result in dryness of the eye, cataracts, and vision defects. Professional eye care can help minimize the effects of ED on vision. Similarly, abnormalities in

918-636: Is in Rostov-on-Don. Several highways of federal and regional significance cross Rostov. The M-4 "Don" route passes Rostov to the east and crosses the Don River in the Aksay city area. The "Rostov-Novoshakhtinsk" starts from the Northern housing block area of the city running north to connect with the M-4 "Don" route between Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk. The Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has prepared

972-486: Is moderately cold, with an average January temperature of −3.0 °C (26.6 °F). The lowest recorded temperature of −31.9 °C (−25.4 °F) occurred in January 1940. Summers are warm and humid; July temperatures average +23.4 °C (74.1 °F). The city's highest recorded temperature of +40.2 °C (104.4 °F) was reported on 7 July 2020. The mean annual precipitation is 643 millimeters (25.3 in),

1026-401: The 2018 FIFA World Cup . The international river port specializes in the packaging and freighting of minerals and timber. Shipping information is published online. The main railway stations in Rostov-on-Don are " Rostov-Glavny " and "Rostov-Prigorodny". The "St. Petersburg-Rostov-Caucasus" railway crosses the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The North Caucasus Railway Administration Building

1080-607: The 58th Combined Arms Army . As such, it was a key logistical hub during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive . On 23 June 2023, amid the war, the Wagner Group , a private military company fighting on behalf of the Russian Federation , declared a rebellion against the Russian Ministry of Defence and took control of Rostov-on-Don. On June 24, after reaching

1134-461: The Donets Basin and iron ore from Krivoy Rog supported the establishment of an iron foundry in 1846. In 1859, the production of pumps and steam boilers began. Industrial growth was accompanied by a rapid increase in population, with 119,500 residents registered in Rostov by the end of the nineteenth century along with approximately 140 industrial businesses. The harbour was one of

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1188-779: The Southern Federal District of Russia . It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River , 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov , directly north of the North Caucasus . The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta . Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia . From ancient times,

1242-470: The "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" (Kupecheskaya Sloboda) on the high bank of the Don. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into the Russian Empire , the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post. In 1796, the settlement

1296-692: The Academic Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky works Mikhail Bushnov, who is the national artist of the USSR and an honorary citizen of Rostov-on-Don. The small collections of the Art Gallery and the Museum of Arts include some works by Repin, Surikov, Perov, Levitan and Aivazovsky as well as modern Rostov artists. Other facilities include seven stadiums, a Palace of Sports, a circus, a zoo botanical gardens and parks. Rostov-on-Don hosts

1350-959: The Blockbuster film Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery and subsequently in Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me , where Mr. Bigglesworth (played by Ted Nude Gent) was prominently featured as the beloved pet of Dr. Evil . Important to note, the hairless cat featured in the Austin Powers franchise was actually a Sphynx cat not a Donskoy cat. Since 2014, it is illegal in the Netherlands to breed with parent cats which bear genetic mutations or other physical abnormalities that cause health or welfare issues in their offspring. The lack of protective fur in hairless cats, such as

1404-418: The Donskoy cat is loving and amiable. Thanks to their demeanor, Donskoys usually get along well with other cat breeds especially other playful cats. Their activity levels can cause challenges with older cats. Donskoys are capable of getting along with dogs as well, if properly introduced. Source: Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and

1458-401: The Donskoy, is one of these banned mutations in parent cats. The most striking physical characteristics of Donskoy cats is its hairlessness. Unlike many cats, Donskoys lack whiskers as well. Donskoys are medium sized, muscular cats in build. Their heads are triangular, with large ears and eyes which give Donskoys an elf-like appearance. Donskoy skin is very wrinkled, especially concentrated on

1512-551: The Duma on September 20, 1864. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the home guard regiments, which defended the Southern borders of Russia, were raised under this flag. The "Flag of Rostov" is kept in the town's municipal building under glass. Its length is 1,370 millimeters (54 in) and width, 850 millimeters (33 in). The flag is taken out of the building only on Victory Day and Rostov-on-Don Day by

1566-596: The Empress Elizabeth , the daughter of Peter the Great , in order to control trade with Turkey . It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov , a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov the Great . Azov , a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress, but it remains an important historical center. In 1756,

1620-665: The German First Panzer Army in the Battle of Rostov , and then for seven months from 24 July 1942 to 14 February 1943. The town was of strategic importance as a railway junction and a river port accessing the Caucasus , a region rich in oil and minerals. It took ten years to restore the city from the damage during World War II. In 1942 up to 30,000 Russian Jews were massacred by the German military in Rostov-on-Don at

1674-680: The Government of the Rostov Region and the Sinara company signed an agreement on the creation of a high-speed tramway in Rostov-on-Don on a concession basis. This happened at the international forum Transport Week 2021 in Moscow. By signing this agreement, the regional government put an end to the idea of developing the metro in the city in favour of the tram. The Rostov-on-Don Airport caters for domestic travel, as well as flights to and from

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1728-740: The North Caucasian Science Center and research institutes. The city is also home to a Starbucks coffee chain, a true rarity in this geographical area of Russia. The Administration of Rostov and Novocherkassk Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church is located in Rostov. Other religious facilities in Rostov-on-Don are the Roman Catholic "Church of the Lord's Supper", the Old Believers ' temple,

1782-585: The Rostov-on-Don City Duma adopted a variant of the coat-of-arms in which a tower represents the St. Dimitry Rostovsky Fortress. The ancient Russian arms reference the role Rostov played in the defense of Russia's borders. The coat-of-arms adorns the mayor's decoration but all other cases of its use are first considered for approval by the City Duma. The flag of Rostov-on-Don was approved by

1836-646: The area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. It was the site of Tanais , an ancient Greek colony , Fort Tana under the Genoese , and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire . In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River , a tributary of the Don, by edict of

1890-414: The average cat. Due to their social behavior Donskoy cats do not do well being left alone for long periods of time. Additionally, Donskoys are friendly and extremely intelligent. These characteristics make Donskoy cats ideal for training. The Donskoy cat’s good and gentle nature, along with social demeanor, makes them perfectly suited for families and are also great with children. The general disposition of

1944-519: The average wind speed is 2.7 m/s, and the average air humidity is 72%. In December 1996, Rostov-on-Don adopted a coat of arms, a flag and a mayoral decoration as the symbols of the town. The first coat of arms of Rostov-on-Don was designed in 1811 and approved by the Tsar. In 1904, some changes were made. One lasting oil painting of the coat-of-arms is kept in the regional local history museum but its accuracy and authenticity are uncertain. In June 1996,

1998-466: The child grows, and dental implants may be an option in adolescence, once the jaw is fully grown. Nowadays the option of extracting the teeth and substituting them with dental implants is quite common. In other cases, teeth can be crowned. Orthodontic treatment also may be necessary. Because dental treatment is complex, a multi-disciplinary approach is best. People with ED often have certain cranial-facial features which can be distinctive: frontal bossing

2052-702: The city include: There is also a French cultural centre (Alliance Francaise), a British Council and German Goethe Institute (DAAD and Bosch foundation), and a Korean Cultural Centre. The most conspicuous architectural feature of the central part of the city is the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1860–1887), designed by Konstantin Thon . Rostov-on-Don's libraries include: In

2106-490: The condition in hairless dogs , and the symptoms in dominant-type hairless cats and dogs mirror those of human ectodermal dysplasia (which also results in sparse or absent hair). Unlike some other cat breeds, the Donskoy cat is extremely social. Beyond its hairlessness, the Donskoy cat is very intriguing and inquisitive and soft-hearted. Donskoy cats are typically active, therefore they require sufficient stimulation to keep them entertained. They spent more time moving around than

2160-478: The development of the ear may cause hearing problems. Respiratory infections can be more common because the normal protective secretions of the mouth and nose are not present. Precautions must be taken to limit infections. ED can be classified by inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked ) or by which structures are involved (hair, teeth, nails and/or sweat glands). There are several different types with distinct genetic causes: In terms of

2214-443: The face, neck, chest, and the base of its tail. Skin and eye color can range in Donskoy cats. Skin pattern colors tend to appear faded. While  eye color can range from blue, green, amber, orange, yellow, or brown. Some Donskoy cats may grow a faint fur coat during colder winter months, but the hair eventually falls off as warmer weather months return. Donskoys can be segmented into four different categories, based primarily on

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2268-401: The former C.I.S., Europe, Africa and Asia. Its IATA code is "ROV". Donavia airlines (formerly "Aeroflot Don") has its head office in Rostov-on-Don. The Bataysk military aerodrome (which is located 5.0 miles (8.0 km) northwest of the city center) may be developed into a new airport hub for Southern Russia. Platov International Airport was opened in late 2017 as part of preparations for

2322-637: The incorporation of the hitherto neighbouring city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov had become the third-largest city in Russia. In the early 20th century, epidemics of cholera during the summer months were not uncommon. During World War I Rostov-on-Don was briefly occupied by the German Empire in 1918. During the Russian Civil War , the Whites and the Reds contested Rostov-on-Don, then

2376-494: The largest trade hubs in southern Russia, especially for the export of wheat , timber , and iron ore . In 1779, Rostov-on-Don became associated with a settlement of Armenian refugees from Crimea at Nakhichevan-on-Don . The two settlements were separated by a field of wheat. In 1928, the two towns were merged. The former town border lies beneath the Teatralnaya Square of central Rostov-on-Don. By 1928, following

2430-593: The most heavily industrialized city of South Russia. By 1928, the regional government had moved from the old Cossack capital of Novocherkassk to Rostov-on-Don. In the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks demolished two of Rostov-on-Don's principal landmarks: St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St. George Cathedral (1783–1807). During World War II , Nazi German forces occupied Rostov-on-Don, at first from 19/20 November to 2 December 1941, after attacks by

2484-481: The others started with hair but lost it like their mother. These kittens are the founding stock of the Donskoy breed and were later outcrossed with European Shorthair cats. Over time, breeders learned more about the Donskoy's hair loss gene. Unlike the recessive gene carried by the Sphynx, the Donskoy's gene is dominant. So, all cats with the gene either are born hairless or lose their coats as they grow. The Donskoy

2538-399: The population of Rostov-on-Don at 1,142,162 making it the 11th most populous city in Russia . At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (1,066,523) was: Albert Parry , born in 1901 in Rostov-on-Don, wrote of the summers of his childhood: Rostov-on-Don lies in a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ). The winter

2592-506: The salivary glands being of ectodermal origin, although some findings have suggested that there is also mesodermal input. The development of tooth buds frequently results in congenitally absent teeth (in many cases a lack of a permanent set) and/or in the growth of teeth that are peg-shaped or pointed. The enamel may also be defective. Cosmetic dental treatment is almost always necessary and children may need dentures as early as two years of age. Multiple denture replacements are often needed as

2646-697: The suit on a large chain. The mayor returns the decoration to the Duma on his or her retirement from office. The Emblem of the Don Host Oblast was introduced in July ;5 (18), 1878. The flag of the All Great Don Army was introduced in May 1918 on the "Circle of the Don Saving". Rostov's favourable geographical position at trading crossroads promotes economic development. The Don River

2700-402: The sweat glands. Without normal sweat production, the body cannot regulate temperature properly. Therefore, overheating is a common problem, especially during hot weather. Access to cool environments is important. Several studies have examined salivary flow rate in individuals and found parotid and submandibular salivary flow ranging from 5 to 15 times lower than average. This is consistent with

2754-494: The types of coats and the amount of hairlessness. See categories below. Rubber Bald: Born completely bald these Donskoys will remain that way throughout their lives. Flock Coat: Flock Coat Donskoys are born with a light peach-fuzz like coat. Eventually as these Donskoys grow, they will often lose the fuzz and become completely bald. Velour Coat: Unlike the Flock Coat and Rubber Bald, these Donskoy kittens are born with

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2808-604: Was chartered and in 1797, it became the seat of Rostovsky Uyezd within Novorossiysk Governorate . In 1806, it was officially renamed Rostov-on-Don. During the 19th century, due to its river connections with Russia's interior, Rostov developed into a major trade centre and communications hub. A railway connection with Kharkiv was completed in 1870, with further links following in 1871 to Voronezh and in 1875 to Vladikavkaz . Concurrent with improvements in communications, heavy industry developed. Coal from

2862-505: Was first officially recognized by the World Cat Federation (WCF) in 1987 and by The International Cat Association (TICA) in 2005. The standard of points describes the cat as being medium-sized and muscular, with large ears, almond shaped eyes and distinctive long, webbed toes. They require frequent grooming, in spite of their lack of coat. However, over-bathing can cause the skin to become very oily. The Peterbald breed

2916-461: Was originally created by crossing Donskoy with Oriental Shorthair cats to create a hairless cat of Oriental-type. Matings between the Donskoy and the Peterbald are no longer permitted since 2000, and outcrossing is not permitted, except with the domestic shorthair , due to the effect of the Donskoy's dominant hairless mutation. Visibility of hairless cats increased significantly in 1997 due to

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