A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person .
95-524: Donovan Phillips Leitch (born 10 May 1946), known mononymously as Donovan , is a Scottish musician, songwriter and record producer. He emerged from the British folk scene in early 1965, and subsequently scored multiple international hit singles and albums during the late 1960s. His work became emblematic of the flower power era with its blend of folk , pop , psychedelica , and jazz stylings. Donovan first achieved recognition with live performances on
190-594: A Latinized version (where "u" become "v", and "j" becomes "i") of his family surname , "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" ("Arouet, the young"); it reversed the syllables of the name of the town his father came from, Airvault; and it has implications of speed and daring through similarity to French expressions such as voltige , volte-face and volatile . "Arouet" would not have served the purpose, given that name's associations with " roué " and with an expression that meant "for thrashing". The 19th-century French author Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842) used many pen names , most famously
285-422: A banjo roll , the main difference being that the banjo roll is fingerpicked rather than flatpicked. A typical element of the technique is the use of three pitches played repeatedly within a four-pulse rhythm. This results in a continual shifting of the pitches vis-a-vis the accented pulse. The three pitches are usually played on three adjacent strings—one per string. The pick direction can vary, depending on
380-529: A Girl Child Linda", a track featuring voice, acoustic guitar and a small orchestra for over six minutes. The album also features the sitar, which was played by American folk-rock singer Shawn Phillips . Donovan met Phillips in London in 1965, and he became a friend and early collaborator, playing acoustic guitar and sitar on recordings including Sunshine Superman as well as accompanying Donovan at concerts and on Pete Seeger's TV show. Creatively, Phillips served as
475-604: A Mountain ", which just missed the US top ten and was later used as the basis for the Allman Brothers Band 's " Mountain Jam ". In September, Donovan toured the US, backed by a jazz group and accompanied by his father, who introduced the show. Later that month, Epic released Donovan's fifth album, a set titled, A Gift from a Flower to a Garden , the first rock music box set and only the third pop-rock double album released. It
570-522: A Warm Gun ", and other songs. His backing musicians included the Jeff Beck Group , and John Bonham , Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones , who later rose to fame as members of Led Zeppelin . Donovan's commercial fortunes waned after parting with Most in 1969, and he left the industry for a time. Donovan continued to perform and record intermittently in the 1970s and 1980s. His musical style and hippie image were scorned by critics, especially after
665-492: A career of his sound. Like troubadours, Bob and I can write about any facet of the human condition. To be compared was natural, but I am not a copyist. In late 1965, Donovan split with his original management and signed with Ashley Kozak , who was working for Brian Epstein 's NEMS Enterprises . Kozak introduced Donovan to American businessman Allen Klein (later manager of the Rolling Stones and, in their final months,
760-661: A combination of two personal names typically given by a Buddhist monk. There are no inherited family names; instead, Bhutanese differentiate themselves with nicknames or prefixes. In the Near East 's Arab world, the Syrian poet Ali Ahmad Said Esber (born 1930) at age 17 adopted the mononym pseudonym, Adunis , sometimes also spelled "Adonis". A perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, he has been described as
855-550: A concert at the Royal Albert Hall accompanied by a ballerina who danced during a 12-minute performance of "Golden Apples". On 14 January, New Musical Express reported he was to write incidental music for a National Theatre production of As You Like It , but this did not come to fruition. His version of " Under the Greenwood Tree " did appear on " A Gift from a Flower to a Garden ". In March Epic released
950-503: A cowboy at first but I knew where he got his stuff – it was Woody at first, then it was Jack Kerouac and the stream-of-consciousness poetry which moved him along. But when I heard ' Blowin' in the Wind ' it was the clarion call to the new generation – and we artists were encouraged to be as brave in writing our thoughts in music ... We were not captured by his influence, we were encouraged to mimic him – and remember every British band from
1045-451: A crosspicking roll of creating a repeating pattern of notes that expresses the melody. Guitarist George Shuffler used a pick pattern of The traditional banjo roll form is this helps to accentuate the "threes" nature of the pattern against the "four" rhythm. The other way is using strict alternate picking: This may be more comfortable for players who are using alternate picking for most of their playing. In actuality, one (or more) of
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#17327733834661140-575: A feature of many recordings. Cameron, McNair and Carr also accompanied Donovan on several concert tours and can be heard on his 1968 live album Donovan in Concert . By 1966, Donovan had shed the Dylan/Guthrie influences and become one of the first British pop musicians to adopt flower power . He immersed himself in jazz, blues , Eastern music, and the new generation of counterculture -era US West Coast bands such as Jefferson Airplane and
1235-421: A given name and a surname. Some companies get around this by entering the mononym as both the given name and the surname. Crosspicking Crosspicking is a technique for playing the mandolin or guitar using a plectrum or flatpick in a rolling, syncopated style across three strings. This style is probably best known as one element of the flatpicking style in bluegrass music , and it closely resembles
1330-661: A lifetime. In European and American histories, prominent Native Americans are usually mononymous, using a name that was frequently garbled and simplified in translation. For example, the Aztec emperor whose name was preserved in Nahuatl documents as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin was called "Montezuma" in subsequent histories. In current histories he is often named Moctezuma II , using the European custom of assigning regnal numbers to hereditary heads of state. Some French authors have shown
1425-444: A mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today. The word mononym comes from English mono- ("one", "single") and -onym ("name", "word"), ultimately from Greek mónos (μόνος, "single"), and ónoma (ὄνομα, "name"). The structure of persons' names has varied across time and geography. In some societies, individuals have been mononymous, receiving only
1520-561: A nice guy." Melody Maker noted that Dylan had mentioned Donovan in his song " Talking World War Three Blues " and that the crowd had jeered, to which Dylan had responded backstage: "I didn't mean to put the guy down in my songs. I just did it for a joke, that's all." In an interview for the BBC in 2001 to mark Dylan's 60th birthday, Donovan acknowledged Dylan as an influence early in his career while distancing himself from "Dylan clone" allegations: The one who really taught us to play and learn all
1615-467: A preference for mononyms. In the 17th century, the dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (1622–73) took the mononym stage name Molière. In the 18th century, François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778) adopted the mononym Voltaire , for both literary and personal use, in 1718 after his imprisonment in Paris' Bastille , to mark a break with his past. The new name combined several features. It was an anagram for
1710-570: A silent partner in the gestation of many of Donovan's songs from the era, with the singer later acknowledging that Phillips primarily composed " Season of the Witch ". Several songs including the title track had a harder edge. The driving, jazzy "The Trip", named after a Los Angeles club name, chronicled an LSD trip during his time in L.A. and is loaded with references to his sojourn on the West Coast, and names Dylan and Baez. The third "heavy" song
1805-472: A single name. Alulim , first king of Sumer , is one of the earliest names known; Narmer , an ancient Egyptian pharaoh , is another. In addition, Biblical names like Adam , Eve , Moses , or Abraham , were typically mononymous, as were names in the surrounding cultures of the Fertile Crescent . Ancient Greek names like Heracles , Homer , Plato , Socrates , and Aristotle , also follow
1900-767: A tradition of single names. In modern times, in countries that have long been part of the East Asian cultural sphere (Japan, the Koreas, Vietnam, and China), mononyms are rare. An exception pertains to the Emperor of Japan . Mononyms are common in Indonesia , especially in Javanese names . Single names still also occur in Tibet . Most Afghans also have no surname. In Bhutan , most people use either only one name or
1995-433: Is a Mountain", "Jennifer Juniper" and "Laléna", as well as rerecorded versions of " Colours " and "Catch The Wind" (which had been unavailable to Epic because of Donovan's contractual problems) and stereo versions of "Sunshine Superman" (previously unissued full length version) and "Season of the Witch". It became the most successful album of his career; it reached 4 in the US, became a million-selling gold record, and stayed on
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#17327733834662090-545: Is a Warm Gun " and " Look at Me ", and McCartney with " Blackbird " and " Mother Nature's Son ". Donovan's next single, in May 1968, was the psychedelic " Hurdy Gurdy Man ". The liner notes from EMI's reissues say the song was intended for Mac MacLeod, who had a heavy rock band called Hurdy Gurdy . After hearing MacLeod's version, Donovan considered giving it to Jimi Hendrix , but when Most heard it, he convinced Donovan to record it himself. Donovan tried to get Hendrix to play, but he
2185-471: Is most associated with bluegrass music , it was first introduced by jazz guitarist Nick Lucas during the 1920s, most notably on his 1929 recording of Painting the Clouds with Sunshine . Decades later, Don Reno would incorporate crosspicking in bluegrass music including on "Double Banjo Boogie" in 1954, though it was Bill Napier who would largely develop such crosspicking guitar techniques while working with
2280-458: Is the undercurrent In D. A. Pennebaker 's film Dont Look Back documenting Dylan's tour. Near the start of the film, Dylan opens a newspaper and exclaims, "Donovan? Who is this Donovan?" and Alan Price from The Animals spurred the rivalry on by telling Dylan that Donovan is a better guitar player, but that he had only been around for three months. Throughout the film Donovan's name is seen next to Dylan's on newspaper headlines and on posters in
2375-515: Is thought to be referenced indirectly in some of his lyrics. Public attention was drawn to his marijuana use by the TV documentary A Boy Called Donovan in early 1966, which showed the singer and friends smoking cannabis at a party thrown by the film crew. Donovan's arrest proved to be the first in a long series involving the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. In early 1967, Donovan was subject of an exposé in
2470-721: The Mellow Yellow LP (not released in the UK), which reached No. 14 in the US album charts, plus a non-album single, " Epistle to Dippy ", a Top 20 hit in the US. Written as an open letter to a school friend, the song had a pacifist message as well as psychedelic imagery. The real "Dippy" was in the British Army in Malaysia. According to Brian Hogg, who wrote the liner notes for the Donovan boxed set Troubadour , Dippy heard
2565-455: The Mellow Yellow LP, and reached 20 in the US, despite containing two earlier hits, the title track and "Jennifer Juniper". After another US tour in the autumn he collaborated with Paul McCartney, who was producing Postcard , the debut LP by Welsh singer Mary Hopkin . Hopkin covered three Donovan songs: "Lord Of The Reedy River", "Happiness Runs" and "Voyage of the Moon". McCartney returned
2660-593: The News of the World . According to Donovan, the article was based on an interview by an ex-girlfriend of his friend Gypsy Dave. The article was the first in a three-part series, Drugs & Pop Stars – Facts That Will Shock You. It was quickly shown some claims were false. A News of the World reporter claimed to have spent an evening with Mick Jagger , who allegedly discussed his drug use and offered drugs to companions. He had mistaken Brian Jones for Jagger, and Jagger sued
2755-751: The Sunshine Superman album features instruments including acoustic bass, sitar , saxophone, tablas and congas, harpsichord, strings and oboe. Highlights include the swinging " The Fat Angel ", which Donovan's book confirms was written for Cass Elliot of the Mamas & the Papas . The song is notable for naming the Jefferson Airplane before they became known internationally and before Grace Slick joined. Other tracks include "Bert's Blues" (a tribute to Bert Jansch ), "Guinevere", and "Legend of
2850-576: The Gus Van Sant film, To Die For . Because of earlier contractual problems, the UK version of Sunshine Superman LP was not released for another nine months. This was a compilation of tracks from the US albums Sunshine Superman and Mellow Yellow . Donovan did not choose the tracks. On 24 October 1966, Epic released the single " Mellow Yellow ", arranged by John Paul Jones and purportedly featuring Paul McCartney on backing vocals, but not in
2945-611: The Stones to the Beatles were copying note for note, lick for lick, all the American pop and blues artists – this is the way young artists learn. There's no shame in mimicking a hero or two – it flexes the creative muscles and tones the quality of our composition and technique. It was not only Dylan who influenced us – for me he was a spearhead into protest, and we all had a go at his style. I sounded like him for five minutes – others made
Donovan - Misplaced Pages Continue
3040-650: The "Barabajagal" album reached 23 in the US. Only the recent "Barabajagal"/"Trudi" single and "Superlungs My Supergirl" were 1969 recordings, the remaining tracks were from sessions in London in May 1968 and in Los Angeles in November 1968. In the late 1960s to the early 1970s he lived at Stein , on the Isle of Skye, where he and a group of followers formed a commune and where he was visited by George Harrison . He named his daughter, born 1970, Ione Skye. In late 1969,
3135-401: The 17th and 18th centuries, most Italian castrato singers used mononyms as stage names (e.g. Caffarelli , Farinelli ). The German writer, mining engineer, and philosopher Georg Friedrich Philipp Freiherr von Hardenberg (1772–1801) became famous as Novalis . The 18th-century Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto , who is now ranked as an important and original painter in his own right, traded on
3230-937: The Beatles ). Klein in turn introduced Donovan to producer Mickie Most , who had chart-topping productions with the Animals , Lulu , and Herman's Hermits . Most produced all Donovan's recordings during this period, although Donovan said in his autobiography that some recordings were self-produced, with little input from Most. Their collaboration produced successful singles and albums, recorded with London session players including Big Jim Sullivan , Jack Bruce , Danny Thompson , and future Led Zeppelin members John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page . Many of Donovan's late 1960s recordings featured musicians including his key musical collaborator John Cameron on piano, Danny Thompson (from Pentangle ) or Spike Heatley on upright bass, Tony Carr on drums and congas and Harold McNair on saxophone and flute. Carr's conga style and McNair's flute playing are
3325-500: The Billboard album chart for more than a year. On 26 June 1969 the track " Barabajagal (Love Is Hot) " (recorded May 1969), which gained him a following on the rave scene decades later, was released, reaching 12 in the UK but charting less strongly in the US. This time he was backed by the original Jeff Beck Group, featuring Beck on lead guitar, Ronnie Wood on bass, Nicky Hopkins on piano, and Micky Waller on drums. The Beck group
3420-565: The Byrds . The LP sessions were completed in May, and " Sunshine Superman " was released in the US as a single in June. It was a success, selling 800,000 in six weeks and reaching No. 1. It went on to sell over one million, and was awarded a gold disc . The LP followed in August, preceded by orders of 250,000 copies, reached No. 11 on the US album chart and sold over half a million. The US version of
3515-564: The Grateful Dead . He was entering his most creative phase as a songwriter and recording artist, working with Mickie Most and with arranger, musician, and jazz fan John Cameron . Their first collaboration was Sunshine Superman , one of the first psychedelic pop records. Donovan's rise stalled in December 1965 when Billboard broke news of the impending production deal between Klein, Most, and Donovan, and then reported that Donovan
3610-582: The Maharishi in Rishikesh , a topic discussed in a two-part interview for the first two issues of Rolling Stone . In late 1967 Donovan contributed two songs to the Ken Loach film Poor Cow . "Be Not Too Hard" was a musical setting of Christopher Logue 's poem September Song , and was later recorded by such artists as Joan Baez and Shusha Guppy . The title track, originally entitled "Poor Love",
3705-449: The Man", a song later reworked and retitled as "Happiness Runs". In the summer of 1968, Donovan worked on a second LP of children's songs, released in 1971 as the double album, HMS Donovan . In September, Epic released a single, " Laléna ", a subdued acoustic ballad which reached the low 30s in the US. The album The Hurdy Gurdy Man followed (not released in the UK), continuing the style of
3800-870: The Stanley Brothers in the late 1950s. After Napier left the band in early 1960 to work with Charlie Moore, George Shuffler moved from upright bass to lead guitar and began developing his crosspicking style. Both Reno and Shuffler developed the technique as a "fill" for back-up and leads during this time. Along with Napier and Shuffler, other well-known guitarists who incorporated crosspicking include Doc Watson , Norman Blake , and Clarence White , whose styles influenced other guitarists, including David Grier , Tony Rice and Bob Miner. Such guitarists as Junior Blankenship, Ralph Stanley II, and James Alan Shelton continued crosspicking in styles influenced by Shuffler and Napier. Among rock guitarists, King Crimson 's Robert Fripp has made cross-picking
3895-701: The UK, and Sunshine Superman was issued in a different form in each country. Several tracks on his late 1960s Epic (US) LPs were not released in the UK for many years. The legal dispute continued into early 1966. During the hiatus, Donovan holidayed in Greece, where he wrote "Writer in the Sun", inspired by rumours that his recording career was over. He toured the US and appeared on episode 23 of Pete Seeger 's television show Rainbow Quest in 1966 with Shawn Phillips and Rev. Gary Davis . After his return to London, he developed his friendship with Paul McCartney and contributed
Donovan - Misplaced Pages Continue
3990-639: The US and did not gain a wide audience. During an 18-month tax exile in Ireland (1971–72), he wrote for the 1972 film The Pied Piper in the title role, and for Brother Sun, Sister Moon (1972). The title song from the Zeffirelli film provided Donovan with a publishing windfall in 1974 when it was covered as the B-side of the million-selling US top 5 hit " The Lord's Prayer ", by Australia's singing nun, Sister Janet Mead . Mononym A mononym may be
4085-513: The US on 14 June 2005, MacLeod said: "The press were fond of calling Donovan a Dylan clone as they had both been influenced by the same sources: Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Jesse Fuller , Woody Guthrie, and many more." While recording the demo, Donovan befriended Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones , who was recording nearby. He had recently met Jones' ex-girlfriend, Linda Lawrence , who is the mother of Jones' son, Julian Brian (Jones) Leitch. The on-off romantic relationship that developed over five years
4180-578: The World reporters were passing information to the police. In the late 1990s, The Guardian said News of the World reporters had alerted police to the party at Keith Richards 's home, which was raided on 12 February 1967. Although Donovan's was not as sensational as the later arrests of Jagger and Richards, he was refused entry to the US until late 1967. He could not appear at the Monterey International Pop Festival in June that year. In July 1967, Epic released " There Is
4275-633: The backdrop to a violent scene in Martin Scorsese 's 1990 film GoodFellas . "Atlantis" was revived in 2000 for an episode of Futurama titled "The Deep South" (2ACV12) which aired on 16 April that year. For this episode Donovan recorded a satirical version of the song describing the Lost City of Atlanta which featured in the episode. In March 1969 (too soon to include "Atlantis"), Epic and Pye released Donovan's Greatest Hits , which included four previous singles – "Epistle To Dippy", "There
4370-516: The background, and Dylan and his friends refer to him consistently. Donovan finally appears in the second half of the film, along with Derroll Adams , in Dylan's suite at the Savoy Hotel despite Donovan's management refusing to allow journalists to be present, saying they did not want "any stunt on the lines of the disciple meeting the messiah". According to Pennebaker, Dylan told him not to film
4465-560: The chorus. In his autobiography Donovan explained "electrical banana" was a reference to a "yellow-coloured vibrator". The song became Donovan's signature tune in the US and reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 3 on the Cash Box chart, and earned a gold record award for sales of more than one million in the US. Through the first half of 1967, Donovan worked on a double-album studio project, which he produced. In January he gave
4560-618: The clan) – the nomen and cognomen were almost always hereditary. Mononyms in other ancient cultures include Hannibal , the Celtic queen Boudica , and the Numidian king Jugurtha . During the early Middle Ages , mononymity slowly declined, with northern and eastern Europe keeping the tradition longer than the south. The Dutch Renaissance scholar and theologian Erasmus is a late example of mononymity; though sometimes referred to as "Desiderius Erasmus" or "Erasmus of Rotterdam", he
4655-686: The emperor and his family have no surname, only a given name, such as Hirohito , which in practice in Japanese is rarely used: out of respect and as a measure of politeness, Japanese prefer to say "the Emperor" or "the Crown Prince". Roman Catholic popes have traditionally adopted a single, regnal name upon their election . John Paul I broke with this tradition – adopting a double name honoring his two predecessors – and his successor John Paul II followed suit, but Benedict XVI reverted to
4750-412: The encounter, and Donovan played a song that sounded just like " Mr. Tambourine Man " but with different words. When confronted with lifting his tune, Donovan said that he thought it was an old folk song. Once the camera rolled, Donovan plays his song "To Sing For You" and then asks Dylan to play " Baby Blue ". Dylan later told Melody Maker : "He played some songs to me. ... I like him. ... He's
4845-489: The fame and into the new life, regardless of the result? Donovan's plan for Open Road was to tour the world for a year, beginning with a boat voyage around the Aegean Sea , documented in the 1970 film There is an Ocean . This was partially on the advice from his management to go into tax exile , during which he was not to set foot in the UK until April 1971, but after touring to France, Italy, Russia, and Japan, he cut
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#17327733834664940-524: The favour by playing tambourine and singing backing vocals on Donovan's next single, " Atlantis ", which was released in the UK (with "I Love My Shirt" as the B-side) in late November and reached 23. Early in 1969, the comedy film If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium featured music by Donovan; the title tune was written by him and sung by J. P. Rags, and he also performed "Lord of the Reedy River" in
5035-530: The film as a singer at a youth hostel. On 20 January, Epic released the single, "To Susan on the West Coast Waiting", with " Atlantis " as the B-side. The A-side, a gentle calypso -styled song, contained another anti-war message, and became a moderate Top 40 US hit. However, when DJs in America and Australia flipped it and began playing "Atlantis", that became a hit. The gentle "Atlantis" later formed
5130-518: The greatest living poet of the Arab world. In the West, mononymity, as well as its use by royals in conjunction with titles, has been primarily used or given to famous people such as prominent writers, artists , entertainers , musicians and athletes . The comedian and illusionist Teller , the silent half of the duo Penn & Teller , legally changed his original polynym, Raymond Joseph Teller, to
5225-521: The guitar, and learning traditional folk and blues. In late 1964, Donovan was offered a management and publishing contract by Peter Eden and Geoff Stephens of Pye Records in London, for which he recorded a 10-track demo tape which included the original of his first single, " Catch the Wind ", and " Josie ". The first song revealed the influence of Woody Guthrie and Ramblin' Jack Elliott , who had also influenced Bob Dylan . Dylan comparisons followed for some time. In an interview with KFOK radio in
5320-460: The imposition of Western-style names, one of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was for all provinces and territories to waive fees to allow Indigenous people to legally assume traditional names, including mononyms. In Ontario , for example, it is now legally possible to change to a single name or register one at birth, for members of Indigenous nations which have
5415-471: The line "sky of blue and sea of green" to " Yellow Submarine ". By spring 1966, the American contract problems had been resolved, and Donovan signed a $ 100,000 deal with Epic Records. Donovan and Most went to CBS Studios in Los Angeles, where they recorded tracks for an LP, much composed during the preceding year. Although folk elements were prominent, the album showed increasing influence of jazz , American west coast psychedelia and folk rock – especially
5510-451: The mononym "Teller" and possesses a United States passport issued in that single name. While some have chosen their own mononym, others have mononyms chosen for them by the public. Oprah Winfrey , American talk show host, is usually referred to by only her first name, Oprah. Elvis Presley , American singer, is usually referred to by only his first name, Elvis. Western computer systems do not always support monynyms, most still requiring
5605-470: The mononym Stendhal, adapted from the name of the little Prussian town of Stendal , birthplace of the German art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann , whom Stendhal admired. Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 1820–1910) was an early French photographer. In the 20th century, Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (1873–1954, author of Gigi , 1945), used her actual surname as her mononym pen name, Colette. In
5700-644: The mononymous pseudonym Witkacy, a conflation of his surname ( Witkiewicz ) and middle name ( Ignacy ). Monarchs and other royalty , for example Napoleon , have traditionally availed themselves of the privilege of using a mononym, modified when necessary by an ordinal or epithet (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II or Charles the Great ). This is not always the case: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has two names. While many European royals have formally sported long chains of names, in practice they have tended to use only one or two and not to use surnames . In Japan,
5795-537: The mononymous pseudonym of his uncle and teacher, Antonio Canal ( Canaletto ), in those countries—Poland and Germany—where his famous uncle was not active, calling himself likewise "Canaletto". Bellotto remains commonly known as "Canaletto" in those countries to this day. The 19th-century Dutch writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–87), better known by his mononymous pen name Multatuli (from the Latin multa tuli , "I have suffered [or borne ] many things"), became famous for
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#17327733834665890-565: The name. A departure from this custom occurred, for example, among the Romans , who by the Republican period and throughout the Imperial period used multiple names : a male citizen's name comprised three parts (this was mostly typical of the upper class, while others would usually have only two names): praenomen (given name), nomen (clan name) and cognomen (family line within
5985-503: The newspaper for libel. Among other supposed revelations were claims that Donovan and stars including members of The Who , Cream , The Rolling Stones and The Moody Blues regularly smoked marijuana, used other drugs, and held parties where the recently banned hallucinogen LSD was used, specifically naming the Who's Pete Townshend and Cream's Ginger Baker . It emerged later that the News of
6080-570: The original boxed set sold steadily, eventually peaking at 19 in the US album chart and achieving gold record status in the US in early 1970. The psychedelic and mystical overtones were unmistakable – the front cover featured an infra-red photograph by Karl Ferris showing Donovan at Bodiam Castle , dressed in a robe, holding flowers and peacock feathers, while the back photo showed him holding hands with Indian guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi . The liner notes included an appeal for young people to give up drugs. His disavowal of drugs came after his time with
6175-499: The pattern, with epithets (similar to second names) only used subsequently by historians to distinguish between individuals with the same name, as in the case of Zeno the Stoic and Zeno of Elea ; likewise, patronymics or other biographic details (such as city of origin, or another place name or occupation the individual was associated with) were used to specify whom one was talking about, but these details were not considered part of
6270-462: The person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan , Bhutan , Indonesia (especially by the Javanese ), Myanmar , Mongolia , Tibet , and South India . In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name , stage name , or regnal name . A popular nickname may effectively become
6365-692: The pop TV series Ready Steady Go! in 1965. Having signed with Pye Records that year, he recorded singles and two albums in the folk vein for Hickory Records , scoring three UK hit singles : " Catch the Wind ", " Colours " and " Universal Soldier ", the last written by Buffy Sainte-Marie . He then signed to CBS/Epic in the US and became more successful internationally, beginning a long collaboration with British record producer Mickie Most . In September 1966, " Sunshine Superman " topped America's Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week and went to No. 2 in Britain, followed by " Mellow Yellow " at US No. 2 in December 1966, then 1968's " Hurdy Gurdy Man " in
6460-510: The presence of all four Beatles as well as Beach Boys lead singer Mike Love , as well as actress Mia Farrow and her sister Prudence (who inspired Lennon to write " Dear Prudence "). According to a 1968 Paul McCartney interview with Radio Luxembourg , it was during this time that Donovan taught Lennon and McCartney finger-picking guitar styles including the clawhammer , which he had learned from Mac MacLeod. Lennon used this technique on songs including " Dear Prudence ", " Julia ", " Happiness
6555-471: The recording of his Anaheim concert in September 1967. The cover featured only a painting by Fleur Cowles (with neither the artist's name nor the title). The album contained two of his big hits and songs which would have been new to the audience. The expanded double CD from 2006 contained "Epistle To Derroll", a tribute to one of his formative influences, Derroll Adams . The album also includes extended group arrangements of "Young Girl Blues" and "The Pebble and
6650-411: The relationship with Most ended after an argument over an unidentified recording session in Los Angeles. In the 1995 BBC Radio 2 The Donovan Story , Most recounted: The only time we ever fell out was in Los Angeles when there was all these, I suppose, big stars of their day, the Stephen Stillses and the Mama Casses, all at the session and nothing was actually being played. Somebody brought some dope into
6745-598: The required emphasis and the melody. Crosspicking is a guitar style that uses a flatpick to imitate the sound of fingerpicking. It is used both as a lead style and as accompaniment. Using repeating patterns involving two or three strings, crosspicking is particularly effective at slow to mid-tempos...The basic [patterns are] forward and reverse "roll[s]"...played in the standard alternating picking pattern (dudududu) or in specialized patterns (dduddudd) or (uuduuduu). Using "D" for down" and "U" for "up" (and slashes to indicate groups of three), mandolin player Jesse McReynolds used
6840-557: The rise of punk rock . His performing and recording became sporadic until a revival in the 1990s with the emergence of Britain's rave scene and in 1994, he moved permanently to Ireland where he still lives. In 1996 he recorded the album Sutras with producer Rick Rubin and in 2004 made the album Beat Cafe . Donovan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014. Donovan
6935-560: The road. Returning to Hatfield , Donovan spent several months playing in local clubs, absorbing the folk scene around his home in St Albans , learning the crosspicking guitar technique from local players such as Mac MacLeod and Mick Softley and writing his first songs. In 1964, he travelled to Manchester with Gypsy Dave , then spent the summer in Torquay , Devon. In Torquay he stayed with Mac MacLeod and took up busking , studying
7030-493: The satirical novel, Max Havelaar (1860), in which he denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ). The 20th-century British author Hector Hugh Munro (1870–1916) became known by his pen name , Saki. In 20th-century Poland, the theater-of-the-absurd playwright , novelist, painter , photographer, and philosopher Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885–1939) after 1925 often used
7125-420: The session and I stopped the session and slung them out. You know you need someone to say, "it's my session, I'm paying for it." We fell out over that. Donovan said he wanted to record with someone else, and he and Most did not work together again until Cosmic Wheels (1973). After the rift, Donovan spent two months writing and recording the album Open Road as a member of the rock trio Open Road . Stripping
7220-608: The session inspired the formation of Led Zeppelin . The heavier sound of "Hurdy Gurdy Man" was an attempt by Most and Donovan to reach a wider audience in the US, where hard-rock groups like Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience were having an impact. The song became one of Donovan's biggest hits, making the Top 5 in the UK and the US, and the Top 10 in Australia. In July 1968, Epic released Donovan in Concert ,
7315-536: The song, contacted Donovan and left the army. On 9 February 1967, Donovan was among guests invited by the Beatles to Abbey Road Studios for the orchestral overdub for " A Day in the Life ", the finale to Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band . On 10 June 1966, Donovan became the first high-profile British pop star to be arrested for possession of cannabis . Donovan's drug use was mostly restricted to cannabis, with occasional use of LSD and mescaline . His LSD use
7410-411: The sound of Most's heavy studio productions down to stuff that could be played by a live band, Donovan dubbed the sound " Celtic Rock ". The album peaked at No. 16 in the U.S., the third-highest of any of his full-length releases to date, but as his concert appearances became less frequent and new artists and styles of popular music began to emerge, his commercial success began to decline. Donovan said: I
7505-498: The spring of 1965, the British music press were making comparisons of the two singer-songwriters which they presented as a rivalry. This prompted The Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones to say, We've been watching Donovan too. He isn't too bad a singer but his stuff sounds like Dylan's. His 'Catch The Wind' sounds like 'Chimes of Freedom'. He's got a song, 'Hey Tangerine Eyes' and it sounds like Dylan's 'Mr. Tambourine Man'. Donovan
7600-434: The three pitches may be varied from one repetition of the pattern to the next, for instance the top note could be toggled up and down one step. McReynolds was the earliest exponent of the crosspicking style on the mandolin. He developed his crosspicking style with his brother in his band Jim & Jesse during the 1950s. McReynolds influenced later mandolin players such as Sam Bush and Chris Thile . Though crosspicking
7695-558: The top 5 in both countries, and then " Atlantis ", which reached US No. 7 in May 1969. The compilation Donovan's Greatest Hits was released in March 1969 and peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard 200 . Donovan became a friend of other prominent musicians such as Joan Baez , Brian Jones , and the Beatles . He taught John Lennon a finger-picking guitar style in 1968 that Lennon employed in " Dear Prudence ", " Julia ", " Happiness Is
7790-498: The tour short: I travelled to Japan and was set to stay out of the UK for a year and earn the largest fees yet for a solo performer, and all tax-free. At the time the UK tax for us was 98%. During that Japanese tour I had a gentle breakdown, which made me decide to break the tax exile. Millions were at stake. My father, my agent, they pleaded for me not to step onto the BOAC jet bound for London. I did and went back to my little cottage in
7885-535: The traditional songs was Martin Carthy – who incidentally was contacted by Dylan when Bob first came to the UK. Bob was influenced, as all American folk artists are, by the Celtic music of Ireland, Scotland and England. But in 1962 we folk Brits were also being influenced by some folk Blues and the American folk-exponents of our Celtic Heritage ... Dylan appeared after Woody [Guthrie], Pete [Seeger] and Joanie [Baez] had conquered our hearts, and he sounded like
7980-451: The use of a single name. Surnames were introduced in Turkey only after World War I , by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , as part of his Westernization and modernization programs. Some North American Indigenous people continue their nations' traditional naming practices, which may include the use of single names. In Canada , where government policy often included
8075-602: The woods. Two days later a young woman came seeking a cottage to rent. It was Linda. The band would continue without Donovan, adding new members, touring and releasing the album Windy Daze in 1971 before disbanding in 1972. After this reunion, Donovan and Linda married on 2 October 1970 at Windsor register office and honeymooned in the Caribbean. Donovan dropped out of the round of tour promotion and concentrated on writing, recording and his family. The largely self-produced children's album HMS Donovan in 1971, went unreleased in
8170-459: Was "Season of the Witch". Recorded with American and British session players, it features Donovan's first recorded performance on electric guitar. The song was covered by Julie Driscoll , Brian Auger and the Trinity on their first LP in 1967, and Al Kooper and Stephen Stills recorded an 11-minute version on the 1968 album, Super Session . Donovan's version is also in the closing sequence of
8265-471: Was a force in Donovan's career. She influenced Donovan's music but refused to marry him and she moved to the United States for several years in the late 1960s. They met by chance in 1970 and married soon after. Donovan had other relationships – one of which resulted in the birth of his first two children, Donovan Leitch and Ione Skye , both of whom became actors. During Bob Dylan's trip to the UK in
8360-515: Was born on 10 May 1946, in Maryhill , Glasgow to Donald and Winifred (née Phillips) Leitch. His grandmothers were Irish. He contracted polio as a child. The disease and treatment left him with a limp. His family moved to the new town of Hatfield, Hertfordshire , England. Influenced by his family's love of folk music , he began playing the guitar at 14. He enrolled in art school but soon dropped out, to live out his beatnik aspirations by going on
8455-518: Was christened only as "Erasmus", after the martyr Erasmus of Formiae . Composers in the ars nova and ars subtilior styles of late medieval music were often known mononymously—potentially because their names were sobriquets —such as Borlet , Egardus , Egidius , Grimace , Solage , and Trebor . Naming practices of indigenous peoples of the Americas are highly variable, with one individual often bearing more than one name over
8550-473: Was exhausted and looking for roots and new directions. I checked into Morgan Studios in London and stayed a long while creating Open Road and the HMS Donovan sessions. Downstairs was McCartney, doing his solo album. I had left Mickie after great years together. The new decade dawned and I had accomplished everything any young singer-songwriter could achieve. What else was there to do but to experiment beyond
8645-406: Was on tour. Jimmy Page played electric guitar in some studio sessions and is credited with playing on the song. Alternatively, it is credited to Alan Parker . Donovan credits Page and "Allen Hollsworth" (a misspelling of Allan Holdsworth ) as the "guitar wizards" for the song, saying they created "a new kind of metal folk". Since John Bonham and John Paul Jones also played, Donovan said perhaps
8740-474: Was split into halves. The first, Wear Your Love Like Heaven , was for people of his generation who would one day be parents; the second, For Little Ones , was songs Donovan had written for coming generations. Worried it might be a poor seller, Epic boss Clive Davis also insisted the albums be split and sold separately in the US (the "Wear Your Love Like Heaven" album cover was photographed at Bodiam Castle ), but his fears were unfounded – although it took time,
8835-459: Was the B-side of his next single, " Jennifer Juniper ", which was inspired by Jenny Boyd , sister of George Harrison 's wife, Pattie Boyd and was another top 40 hit in the US. Donovan developed interest in eastern mysticism and claims to have interested the Beatles in transcendental meditation . In early 1968 he was part of the group that traveled to the ashram of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Rishikesh . The visit gained worldwide attention thanks to
8930-527: Was to sign with Epic Records in the US. Despite Kozak's denials, Pye Records dropped the single and a contract dispute ensued, because Pye had a US licensing arrangement with Warner Bros. Records . As a result, the UK release of the Sunshine Superman LP was delayed for months, robbing it of the impact it would have had. Another outcome was that the UK and US versions of this and later albums differed – three of his Epic LPs were not released in
9025-599: Was under contract to Most and it was Most's idea to team them with Donovan to bring a heavier sound to Donovan's work, while introducing a lyrical edge to Beck's. On 7 July 1969, Donovan performed at the first show in the second season of free rock concerts in Hyde Park , London, which also featured Blind Faith , Richie Havens , the Edgar Broughton Band and the Third Ear Band . In September 1969,
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