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37-645: The Kawkareik Pass across the Tenasserim Hills is named after this town. The Pass was the access route from Thailand used by the Japanese Fifteenth Army , consisting of two infantry divisions under Lieutenant General Shōjirō Iida , when it invaded the southern Burmese division of Tenasserim (now Mon State, Kayin State and Tanintharyi Region) in January 1942. In January 2009, the forces of

74-682: A Bell UH-1 Iroquois , that had occurred two days earlier while looking for illegal loggers in Kaeng Krachan National Park near the Burmese border west of Phetchaburi . The Black Hawk helicopter crashed near 978 m high Yage Taung mountain in the Tanintharyi National Park zone in Burma, close to the border with Thailand. A third helicopter, a Bell 212 , also crashed in the same area on Sunday, 25 July

111-641: A few miles further east close to the Kaeng Krachan Reservoir . Superstitious people blamed the three consecutive crashes on the fact that, according to Thai folklore , the densely forested mountains of the Tenasserim Range have strong guardian spirits . Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula is located in Mainland Southeast Asia . The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it

148-473: Is a big problem at Kaeng Krachan National Park , with the authorities being unable to control the poachers. Some park officials are allegedly involved in the trade of elephant parts. This range forms a natural border between Burma and Thailand, but it was crossed in 1759 by Burmese troops led by Alaungpaya and his son Hsinbyushin during the Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760) . The Burmese battle plan

185-600: Is located beyond the northern end of the range, where the Tenasserim Hills meet the Dawna Range . Minor cross-border points are Sing Khon , near Prachuap Khiri Khan , as well as Bong Ti and Phu Nam Ron west of Kanchanaburi . The latter is expected to gain in importance if the planned Dawei Port Project goes ahead, along with a highway and a railway line between Bangkok and that harbor. The southern section of this extensive chain of mountains runs along

222-809: Is located in the Khao Sam Roi Yot limestone mountains, a coastal offshoot of the main Tenasserim range and Nam Tok Huay Yang National Park is another park in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province that is located on the Thai side by the border area between 100 and 1200 metres above sea level. In Malaysia the main protected areas in the range area are Endau-Rompin National Park , Gunung Ledang National Park , Taman Negara and Selangor State Park . The killing of wild elephants

259-643: Is the geographical name of a roughly 1,700 km long mountain chain, part of the Indo-Malayan mountain system in Southeast Asia . Despite their relatively scant altitude these mountains form an effective barrier between Thailand and Myanmar in their northern and central region. There are only two main transnational roads and cross-border points between Kanchanaburi and Tak , at the Three Pagodas Pass and at Mae Sot . The latter

296-462: Is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area contains Peninsular Malaysia , Southern Thailand , and the southernmost tip of Myanmar ( Kawthaung ). The island country of Singapore also has historical and cultural ties with the region. The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system and form the backbone of the peninsula and the southernmost section of

333-525: The Andaman Sea . Further south the Kraburi River forms the southern border between Thailand and Burma. Great extensions of these hills are covered with dense tropical moist forests . Usually the western slopes are more densely forested than the eastern for they receive more abundant monsoon rains. The range is home to several distinct ecoregions. The Dawna and other northern ranges are in

370-799: The Karen National Union and the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army clashed outside Kawkareik. The DKBA set up their military command post inside the town, and although DKBA soldiers burned down several civilian houses and detained dozens of citizens in villages across the border in Thailand, Kawkareik was left intact. During the Myanmar civil war that began in 2021, the battle of Kawkareik took place in late October 2022. The Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) stepped-up fighting in southeastern Myanmar and besieged

407-747: The Kayah-Karen montane rain forests ecoregion. The Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests cover the Bilauktaung range and the Isthmus of Kra, and extend to the coast on both sides of the isthmus. The Kayah-Karen montane rain forests and Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen forests together form the Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests ecoregion which is included in the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by

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444-647: The Kra Isthmus into the Malay Peninsula almost reaching Singapore . Many rivers have their source in these mountains, but none of them are very long. This mountain chain is named after the Tenasserim Region (Tanintharyi) in Burma and its name in Thai is Thio Khao Tanaosi , also spelt as Tanawsri , Tanao Sri , Tanaw Sri or in Malay as Tanah Seri . All those names are corrupted form of

481-947: The Phetchaburi River flow eastwards from the range towards the Gulf of Siam . The westernmost range is separated from the Tenasserim coast by the Three Pagodas Fault . West of it lie the Dawna Range, the Karen Hills and the valleys of the Salween and the Gyaing . Southwards on the western side, the Ye , Heinze , Dawei (Tavoy), Great Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) and the Lenya rivers are relatively short and flow into

518-864: The South China Sea at Da Nang to Mawlamyine through Mae Sot and Myawaddy . The town has two public high schools; BEHS (1) Kawkareik and BEHS (2) Kawkareik. There is no higher education institution in Kawkareik. Kawkareik District Public Hospital serves the people of Kawkareik and its surrounding areas. This Kayin State location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tenasserim Hills The Tenasserim Hills or Tenasserim Range ( Burmese : တနင်္သာရီ တောင်တန်း , [tənɪ̀ɰ̃θàjì tàʊɰ̃dáɰ̃] ; Thai : ทิวเขาตะนาวศรี , RTGS :  Thio Khao Tanao Si , pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw tā.nāːw sǐː] ; Malay : Banjaran Tanah Seri/Banjaran Tenang Sari )

555-707: The Tenasserim white-bellied rat and the Tenasserim lutung , as well as a number of bird species and the Tenasserim Mountain bent-toed gecko . Among the fishes in the streams and rivulets of the range the emperor loach and the Tenasserim garra deserve mention. The Tanintharyi National Park and the Tanintharyi Nature Reserve were established in 2005, and the Lenya National Park was proposed in 2002 and 2004, on

592-470: The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation. The Kangar-Pattani floristic boundary runs across the peninsula in southern Thailand and northernmost Malaysia, marking the boundary between the large biogeographic regions of Indochina to the north and Sundaland and Malesia to the south. The forests north of the boundary are characterized by seasonally-deciduous trees, while

629-450: The Burmese side in order to implement habitat conservation , but illegal logging driven by greed and corruption is an ongoing problem on both sides of the border. On the Thai side the Kaeng Krachan National Park was demarcated already in 1981, covering parts of the districts of Nong Ya Plong , Kaeng Krachan and Tha Yang of Phetchaburi Province , and of Hua Hin of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province . The Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park

666-534: The Japanese to complete the cutting of the stretch. 69 men were beaten to death by Japanese and Korean guards in the six weeks it took to build the railway pass, and many more died from cholera , dysentery , starvation , and exhaustion (Wigmore 568). On 19 July 2011, a Royal Thai Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter crashed in these mountains, killing 9. The chopper had been sent out to recover five bodies of victims of another helicopter crash involving

703-839: The Kra Isthmus. Eastwards, in Kanchanaburi Province on the Thai side, the mountain range is crossed by the Khwae Yai River and the Khwae Noi River . In this area small hill ridges alternate with narrow valleys that are often only about 2 km wide and further east there are only isolated hills, where the range ends in the Central Plain of Thailand. Further south the Phachi , the Pranburi and

740-726: The Sundaland forests have more year-round rainfall and the trees are mostly evergreen. The ranges in Peninsular Malaysia are part of the Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests ecoregion. The Tenasserim Hills form the habitat for a number of endangered species, including the Gurney's pitta , endemic to Thailand and Burma, as well as the Asian elephant and tiger . The Sumatran rhinoceros has been reported in

777-593: The beech family ( Fagaceae ), Myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ), laurel family ( Lauraceae ), tropical conifers , and other plant families. The peninsula's forests are home to thousands of species of animals and plants. Several large endangered mammals inhabit the peninsula – Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ), gaur ( Bos gaurus ), tiger ( Panthera tigris ), sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus ), Malayan tapir ( Tapirus indicus ), clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ), and siamang ( Symphalangus syndactylus ). The Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ) once inhabited

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814-736: The central cordillera , which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus , the peninsula's narrowest point, into the Malay Peninsula. The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra , and the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor . The Malay term Tanah Melayu is derived from the word Tanah (land) and Melayu ( Malays ), thus it means "the Malay land". The term can be found in various Malay texts, of which

851-550: The construction of the Burma Railway between Bangkok and Yangon , Hellfire Pass in the Tenasserim Range was a particularly difficult section of the line to build. It was the largest rock cutting on the railway, also known as the "Death Railway", coupled with its general remoteness and the lack of proper construction tools during building. The Australian , British , Dutch , other allied prisoners of war, along with Chinese , Malay and Tamil labourers, were required by

888-500: The east. Prior to the foundation of Malacca, ancient and medieval references to a Malay peninsula exist in various foreign sources. According to several Indian scholars, the word Malayadvipa ("mountain-insular continent"), mentioned in the ancient Indian text, Vayu Purana , may possibly refer to the Malay Peninsula. Another Indian source, an inscription on the south wall of the Brihadeeswarar Temple , recorded

925-487: The forests, but Malaysia's last rhinoceroses died in 2019, and the species' few remaining members survive only in Sumatra . The peninsula is home to several distinct ecoregions . The Tenasserim–South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests cover the northern peninsula, including the Tenasserim Hills and the Isthmus of Kra, and extend to the coast on both sides of the isthmus. The Kangar-Pattani floristic boundary crosses

962-591: The main attack towards Rangoon westward from Thailand across the Kawkareik Pass in the Tenasserim Range. A road was cut across the mountains by Japanese military engineers, but many infantry units crossed the range on foot in an arduous march through the forests and cliffs. This road was impracticable during the rainy season, when mud and rivulets made advance difficult for the Japanese Infantry and leeches abounded. Between 1942 and 1943, during

999-463: The mountains above 1,000 meters elevation. The lowlands and hills are in the Peninsular Malaysian rain forests ecoregion. The Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests include distinctive waterlogged forests in the lowlands on both sides of the peninsula. Extensive mangroves line both coasts. The Myanmar Coast mangroves are on the western shore of the peninsula, and the Indochina mangroves on

1036-497: The northern section of the wider range. There are records from the north of Tenasserim proper , where there were numerous reports in 1962, to Kota Tinggi in the south where a rhino was captured in 1994. The Endau-Rompin National Park in Malaysia has the largest remaining Sumatran rhinoceros population in the range. Other species include the sambar deer , barking deer , serow , red goral , leopard , Kitti's hog-nosed bat ,

1073-606: The oldest dating back to the early 17th century. It is frequently mentioned in the Hikayat Hang Tuah , a well-known classic tale associated with the legendary heroes of Malacca Sultanate . Tanah Melayu in the text is consistently employed to refer to the area under Malaccan dominance. In the early 16th century, Tomé Pires , a Portuguese apothecary who stayed in Malacca from 1512 to 1515, uses an almost identical term, Terra de Tana Malaio , with which he referred to

1110-556: The original Malay Tanah Seri , which means "glowing land" or from tanah sirih meaning " betel land". The Tenasserim Hills are part of a long granite mountain ridge that is older than the Himalayas . Further south from the 16th parallel, the Shan Hills break up into narrow steep-sided ranges, the Dawna Range in the west and, parallel to it at the southern end, the peninsular Tenasserim Mountains that extend southwards along

1147-497: The peninsula in southern Thailand and northernmost Malaysia, marking the boundary between the large biogeographic regions of Indochina to the north and Sundaland and Malesia to the south. The forests north of the boundary are characterized by seasonally-deciduous trees, while the Sundaland forests have more year-round rainfall and the trees are mostly evergreen. Peninsular Malaysia is home to three terrestrial ecoregions. The Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests ecoregion covers

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1184-410: The southeastern part of Sumatra, where the deposed sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah , established his exiled government. The 17th century's account of Portuguese historian, Emanuel Godinho de Erédia , noted on the region of Malaios surrounded by the Andaman Sea in the north, the entire Strait of Malacca in the centre, a part of Sunda Strait in the south, and the western part of South China Sea in

1221-563: The term Tanah Melayu was generally used by the Malays of the peninsula during the rise of Malay nationalism to describe uniting all Malay states on the peninsula under one Malay nation, and this ambition was largely realised with the formation of Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ( Malay for " Federation of Malaya ") in 1948. The Malay Peninsula is covered with tropical moist broadleaf forests . Lowland forests are dominated by dipterocarp trees, while montane forests are home to evergreen trees in

1258-489: The town. At the time, it appeared to be a significant first seizure of a major town by anti-junta forces since the renewed civil war. Kawkareik has a typical southeastern Myanmar tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen Am ) featuring an extremely wet wet season from mid-April to early November and a dry season from November to mid-April. Kawkareik lies on the East-West Economic Corridor that links

1295-592: The word Malaiur , referring to a kingdom in the Malay Peninsula that had "a strong mountain for its rampart". Ptolemy 's Geographia named a geographical region of the Golden Chersonese as Maleu-kolon , a term thought to derive from Sanskrit malayakolam or malaikurram . While the Chinese chronicle of the Yuan dynasty mentioned the word Ma-li-yu-er , referring to a nation of the Malay Peninsula that

1332-533: Was threatened by the southward expansion of the Sukhothai Kingdom under King Ram Khamhaeng . During the same era, Marco Polo made a reference to Malauir in his travelogue , as a kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula, possibly similar to the one mentioned in the Yuan chronicle. The Malay Peninsula was conflated with Persia in old Japan, and was known by the same name. In the early 20th century,

1369-509: Was to go around the heavily defended Siamese positions along shorter, more direct invasion routes. The invasion force overran relatively thin Siamese defenses in the coast, crossed the Tenasserim Hills to the shore of the Gulf of Siam , and turned north towards Ayutthaya . In January 1942, at the beginning of the Japanese conquest of Burma , the main body of the Japanese 33d Division began

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