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33-587: The Dori begins north of the city of Quetta , the provincial capital of Balochistan. It is called Lora in its headwaters in Pakistan. The name changes to Kadanai upon its entry into Afghanistan, with the river called the Dori below the town of Spin Baldak . In Afghanistan, the Dori first runs westward and soon faces the sandy desert of Rigestan in southeastern Afghanistan. It then takes a northerly direction and along

66-537: A monsoon season of heavy rainfall. Highest rainfall during 24 hours in Quetta is 113 millimetres (4.4 in) which was recorded on 17 December 2000, Highest monthly rainfall of 232.4 millimetres (9.15 in) was recorded in March 1982 which was also the year of the highest annual rainfall, 949.8 millimetres (37.39 in). In the winter, snowfall has become quite erratic (December, January and February). The city saw

99-720: A hundred, to dig graves in the cemetery. Tremendous losses were incurred on the city in the days following the event, with many people buried beneath the debris still alive. British Army regiments were among those assisting in rescue efforts. Lance-Sergeant Alfred Lungley of the 24th Mountain Brigade, Naik Nandlal Thapa , and Lance Naik Chitrabahadur Gurung earned the Empire Gallantry Medal for highest gallantry in these rescue efforts. In total, eight Albert Medals , nine Empire Gallantry Medals and five British Empire Medals for Meritorious Service were awarded for

132-571: A river in Afghanistan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Quetta Quetta ( / ˈ k w ɛ t ə / ; Urdu : کوئٹہ , ko'eṭa , [ˈkweːʈə] , Pashto : کوټه ) is the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Balochistan . It is the ninth largest city in Pakistan , with an estimated population of over 1.5 million in 2024. It

165-467: A severe drought from 1999 to 2001 during which the city did not receive snowfall and below normal rains. In 2002, the city received snow after a gap of five years. In 2004 and 2005, the city received normal rains after three years without snowfall while in 2006, 2007 and 2009 the city received no snow. In 2008, it received a snowfall of 10 centimetres (4 in) in four hours on 29 January, followed on 2 February by 25.4 centimetres (10 in) in 10 hours –

198-589: Is 42 °C (108 °F) which was recorded on 10 July 1998. Autumn starts in mid-September and continues until mid-November with average temperatures in the 12–18 °C (54–64 °F) range. Winter starts in late November and ends in late February with average temperatures near 4–5 °C (39–41 °F). The lowest temperature in Quetta is −18.3 °C (−0.9 °F) which was recorded on 8 January 1970. Spring starts in early March and ends in mid-May with average temperatures close to 15 °C (59 °F). Unlike more easterly parts of Pakistan, Quetta does not have

231-486: Is governed by a municipal corporation consisting of 66 ward members which elects a mayor and a deputy mayor. In addition, Quetta Development Authority is responsible for provision of municipal services for the city. Quetta is on the western side of Pakistan and is connected to the rest of the country by a network of roads, railways and its international airport close to its centre. At an altitude of 1,605 metres (5,266 feet) above sea level, Quetta International Airport

264-444: Is situated in the south-west of the country, lying in a valley surrounded by mountains on all sides. Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 metres (5,510 feet) above sea level, making it Pakistan's highest altitude major city. The city is known as the "Fruit Garden of Pakistan" due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it and the large variety of fresh and dried fruits produced there. Located in northern Balochistan near

297-483: Is the second highest airport in Pakistan. Pakistan International Airlines has regular flights to and from the other major cities of Pakistan including Islamabad , Gwadar , Karachi , Lahore and Peshawar . Quetta Railway Station is one of the highest railway stations in Pakistan at 1,676 metres (5,499 feet) above sea level. The railway track was laid in the 1890s during the British era to link Quetta with rest of

330-472: The 2014 National Women Championship . The major football ground is Ayub National Stadium , a multipurpose stadium also used for athletics. Other football grounds include Qayyum Papa Stadium and Sadiq Shaheed Stadium . Bugti Stadium is the home of Balochistan cricket team , a first-class cricket team which competes in domestic tournaments, and the Quetta-based team Quetta Gladiators compete in

363-748: The 23rd most deadly earthquake worldwide to date. In the aftermath of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake , the Director General for the Meteorological Department at Islamabad , Chaudhry Qamaruzaman, cited the earthquake as being amongst the four deadliest earthquakes the South Asian region has seen; the others being the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, 1945 Balochistan earthquake and Kangra earthquake in 1905. Indian space scientist and educationist Yash Pal , then eight-years-old,

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396-620: The Pakistan Super League (PSL). They were the champion of the PSL 2019 . Boxing is highly popular as well. Muhammad Waseem is a professional boxer from Quetta. In Body Building Nisar Ahmed Khilji has Mr. Balochistan and Mr. Pakistan Titles and Pakistan representation in International Body Building Contests. In hockey, Quetta has produced Zeeshan Ashraf and Shakeel Abbasi , who were members of

429-400: The Pakistan's national hockey team . Local facilities were created in the city for mountain climbing and caving as well as water sports. Hayatullah Khan Durrani ( Pride of Performance ) is the chief executive of Hayat Durrani Water Sports Academy, Balochistan's first and only Rowing, Canoeing, Kayaking, Sailing, rough swimming and boating academy where all such facilities provide free to

462-598: The Pakistan-Afghanistan border and the road across to Kandahar , Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries. The city is near the Bolan Pass , which was on a major gateway from Central Asia to South Asia . The name Quetta is a variation of the Pashto word Kwatkōṭ , or kōta meaning "fortress". Quetta was formerly known as Shalkot ( Pashto : ښالکوټ ) Modern day Quetta

495-639: The River Indus . Quetta serves as the learning centre for the Balochistan province. The city has a number of government and private colleges, including the following: Football is the most popular sport among the people of Quetta. The city has produced notable footballers for the Pakistan national football team including Abdul Wahid Durrani ,  Qayyum Changezi , Ayub Dar , Mohammad Ali , and Rajab Ali Hazara . Main football clubs from Quetta include Baloch Quetta . Balochistan United WFC won

528-415: The city's heaviest snowfall in a decade. During the winter of 2010, it received no snow and saw below normal rains due to the presence of El-Nino over Pakistan. According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan , the population of the city was a total of 1,565,546. This makes it the largest city in Balochistan province and one of the major cities of Pakistan. Quetta is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in

561-695: The convergence zone associated with the Makran subduction zone in the southwest to the main Himalayan convergence zone to the northeast. An element of convergence across the plate boundary is accommodated by a zone of shortening forming the Kirthar fold and thrust belt to the south and the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt to the north. Movement on the Ghazaband Fault resulted in an earthquake early in

594-453: The country. The city has a Pashtun plurality followed by Balochs , Hazaras , Brahui , Punjabis and Muhajir people . Urdu being the national language is used and understood by all the residents and serves as a lingua franca . According to Reuters and the BBC , there are as many as 500,000-600,000 Hazaras living in Quetta and its surrounding areas. At the local level, the city

627-402: The country. The extensive network of Pakistan Railways connects Quetta to Karachi in the south, by a 863 km (536 mi) track, Lahore in the northeast (1,170 km or 727 miles) and Peshawar further northeast (1,587 km or 986 miles). A metalled road runs alongside the railway that connects Quetta to Karachi via the nearby town of Sibi to Jacobabad and Rohri in the plain of

660-805: The desert passes east and northeast past Takht-e Pol , bordering southeast of the Kandahar Valley . Further on, it receives the Arghistan River , then the Tarnak River , some 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Kandahar . The Dori receives most of its flow from melting snow in spring, especially in March. Withdrawal of irrigation water has greatly reduced the river's flow and speed. At Takht-e Pol it amounts to more or less 1 metre per second (3.3 ft/s). 31°23′N 65°45′E  /  31.383°N 65.750°E  / 31.383; 65.750 This article related to

693-535: The earthquake was close to the city and destroyed most of the city's infrastructure, killing an estimated 40,000 people. After the foundation of Pakistan, Balochistan acquired the status of a province and Quetta became a provincial capital. Quetta has a cold semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) with a significant variation between summer and winter temperatures. Summer starts from late May and goes on until early September with average temperatures ranging from 24–26 °C (75–79 °F). The highest temperature in Quetta

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726-435: The morning on 31 May 1935 estimated anywhere between the hours of 2:33 am and 3:40 am which lasted for three minutes with continuous aftershocks . Although there were no instruments good enough to precisely measure the magnitude of the earthquake, modern estimates cite the magnitude as being a minimum of 7.7 M w   and previous estimates of 8.1 M w   are now regarded as an overestimate. The epicentre of

759-579: The quake was established to be 4-kilometres south-west of the town of Ali Jaan in Balochistan, some 153-kilometres away from Quetta in British India. The earthquake caused destruction in almost all the towns close to Quetta, including the city itself, and tremors were felt as far as Agra , now in India . The largest aftershock was later measured at 5.8 M w   occurring on 2 June 1935. The aftershock, however, did not cause any damage in Quetta, but

792-462: The rescue effort, most to British and Indian soldiers. The weather did not help, and the scorching summer heat made matters worse. Bodies of European and Anglo-Indians were recovered and buried in a British cemetery where soldiers had dug trenches. Padres performed the burial service in haste, with soldiers quickly covering the graves. Others were removed in the same way and taken to a nearby shamshāngāht for their remains to be cremated . While

825-501: The soldiers excavated through the debris for a sign of life, the Government sent the Quetta administration instructions to build a tent city to house the homeless survivors and to provide shelter for their rescuers. A fresh supply of medicated pads was brought for the soldiers to wear over their mouths while they dug for bodies in fears of a spread of disease from the dead bodies buried underneath. The natural disaster ranks as

858-401: The towns of Mastung , Maguchar and Kalat were seriously affected. Most of the reported casualties occurred in the city of Quetta. Initial communiqué drafts issued by the government estimated a total of 25,000 people buried under the rubble, 10,000 survivors and 4,000 injured. The city was badly damaged and was immediately prepared to be sealed under military guard with medical advice. All

891-537: The villages between Quetta and Kalat were destroyed, and the British feared casualties would be higher in surrounding towns; it was later estimated to be nowhere close to the damage caused in Quetta. Infrastructure was severely damaged. The railway area was destroyed and all the houses were razed to the ground with the exception of the Government House that stood in ruins. A quarter of the Cantonment area

924-468: The youth members at Hanna Lake . 1935 Quetta earthquake An earthquake occurred on 31 May 1935 between 2:30 am and 3:40 am at Quetta, Baluchistan Agency (now part of Pakistan ), close to the border with southern Afghanistan . The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 M w   and anywhere between 30,000 and 60,000 people died from the impact. It was recorded as the deadliest earthquake to strike South Asia until 2005 . The quake

957-515: Was captured by Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi during his invasion of South Asia . In 1543, Mughal emperor Humayun came to Quetta en route to Safavid Persia , leaving his son and future Mughal emperor Akbar here. In 1709, the region was a part of Afghan Hotak dynasty and stayed a part until 1747 when Ahmed Shah Durrani conquered it and made it a part of Durrani Empire . The first European visited Quetta in 1828, describing it as mud-walled fort surrounded by three hundred mud houses . In 1876, Quetta

990-601: Was centred 4 km south-west of Ali Jaan , Balochistan, British India . Balochistan lies across the boundary between the northward moving Indian plate and the Eurasian plate . Near Quetta, the movement across this boundary of 36–45 mm per year, is highly oblique and is mainly accommodated by large left-lateral strike-slip faults , particularly the Chaman Fault and the Ghazaband Fault . These zones link

1023-579: Was destroyed, with military equipment and the Royal Air Force garrison suffering serious damage. It was reported that only 6 out of the 27 machines worked after the initial seismic activity. A Regimental Journal for the 1st Battalion of the Queen's Royal Regiment based in Quetta issued in November 1935 stated, It is not possible to describe the state of the city when the battalion first saw it. It

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1056-418: Was occupied by the British and subsequently incorporated into British India . In 1856, British General John Jacob had urged his government to occupy Quetta given its strategic position on the western frontier. British troops constructed the infrastructure for their establishment as a garrison town. It was reconstructed after the 1935 Quetta earthquake , which razed the city to the ground. The epicentre of

1089-472: Was razed to the ground. Corpses were lying everywhere in the hot sun and every available vehicle in Quetta was being used for the transportation of injured ... Companies were given areas in which to clear the dead and injured. Battalion Headquarters were established at the Residency. Hardly had we commenced our work than we were called upon to supply a party of fifty men, which were later increased to

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