85-614: Doris Duke (November 22, 1912 – October 28, 1993) was an American billionaire tobacco heiress, philanthropist, and socialite. She was often called "the richest little girl in the world". Her great wealth, luxurious lifestyle, and love life attracted significant press coverage, both during her life and after her death. Duke's passions varied wildly. Briefly a news correspondent in the 1940s, she also played jazz piano and learned to surf competitively. At her father's estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey , she created one of
170-524: A 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m) public indoor botanical display that was among the largest in America. Duke's other residences were private during her lifetime: she spent summer weekends working on her Newport Restoration Foundation projects while staying at Rough Point , the 49-room English manor-style mansion that she inherited in Newport, Rhode Island . Winters were spent at an estate she built in
255-582: A background actor and a character actor in several films. He made connections in this way with people who could further publicize the sport of surfing. Kahanamoku was involved with the Los Angeles Athletic Club , acting as a lifeguard and competing in both swimming and water polo teams. While living in Newport Beach, California , on June 14, 1925, Kahanamoku rescued eight men from a fishing vessel that capsized in heavy surf while it
340-412: A billionaire. The top 10 universities produced just 99 of the top 400 billionaires combined, significantly less than the total number of billionaires who were not college educated. Military service produced 21 billionaires, more than any single university. Very few college-educated billionaires pursued business interests in their field of study, with the exception of computer science majors. All twelve of
425-638: A canteen for sailors in Egypt , taking a salary of one dollar a year . She spoke French fluently. In 1945, Duke began a short-lived career as a foreign correspondent for the International News Service , reporting from different cities across the war-ravaged Europe. After the war, she moved to Paris and wrote for the magazine Harper's Bazaar . While living in Hawaii, Duke became the first non-Hawaiian woman to take up competitive surfing under
510-659: A converted B-25 bomber, and, in the divorce settlement, a 17th-century house in Paris. In October 1948, Duke and Rubirosa divorced a little over a year after they were married, and Duke never married again. Duke had numerous love affairs, with, among others, surfing pioneer Duke Kahanamoku , film actor Errol Flynn , British politician Alec Cunningham-Reid , U.S. Army General George S. Patton , jazz pianist Joe Castro , Naval fighter pilot James W. Robb and U.S. writer Louis Bromfield . Duke posted bail of $ 5,000,000 for her friend, former Philippines First Lady Imelda Marcos , after
595-679: A heavily illustrated catalog of more than 600 pages for its auction of "The Doris Duke Collection, sold to benefit the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation", held in New York City over three days in 2004. The last living heirs to Duke's fortune are twins Georgia Inman and Walker "Patterson" Inman III, the children of Walker Inman Jr., Duke's nephew through a half-brother on her mother's side. Their childhood included documented neglect, abuse, parental violence and addiction. Notes Billionaire A billionaire
680-493: A large financial team of bankers and accountants to manage her holdings. In addition, Duke had a collection of artwork, which was said to include works by Picasso, Van Gogh, Rembrandt and Monet, as well as her collection of Islamic and Southeast Asia art and furniture. Also in Duke's collection were over 2,000 bottles of rare wine (worth over $ 5 million) and the Duke collection of fine jewels. Her total net worth, including all property,
765-619: A larger share of the Duke assets than the $ 10 million provided in the will, although Duke's will also stated that any beneficiary who disputed its provisions should receive nothing. Litigation involving 40 lawyers at 10 law firms tied up the Duke estate for nearly three years. New York courts ultimately removed Lafferty for using estate funds for his own support and U.S. Trust for failing "to do anything to stop him". The Surrogate Court of Manhattan overrode Duke's will and appointed new trustees from among those who had challenged it: Harry Demopoulos ; J. Carter Brown (later also involved in overturning
850-661: A male knee paddler and a female prone paddler commemorating the Catalina Classic Paddleboard Race was installed on the Manhattan Beach Pier in 2023. Hawaii music promoter Kimo Wilder McVay capitalized on Kahanamoku's popularity by naming his Waikiki showroom "Duke Kahanamoku's" at the International Market Place and giving Kahanamoku a financial interest in the showroom in exchange for the use of his name. It
935-577: A net worth of at least $ 100 billion. According to the UBS/PwC Billionaires Report 2019 report released in November 2019, there are currently 2,101 U.S. dollar billionaires worldwide, from 66 countries, with a combined net worth of $ 8.5 trillion. Also according to the report, billionaires have a substantial positive impact on the sustainability and success of companies controlled by them. Billionaire-controlled companies listed on
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#17327726815501020-414: A rented Dodge Polara to leave. In Duke's account of events, she said Tirella, who had been driving, got out at the gate to open it, leaving the engine running, but with the parking brake engaged and the transmission in park. Duke moved from the passenger seat to the driver's seat in order, she said later, to drive the car forward and pick up Tirella once the gate was open. In order to do so, she released
1105-404: A result of death or divorce, including Julia Koch , and Jeff Bezos 's former wife MacKenzie Scott . From 2014 to 2019, the number of female billionaires grew by 46%. That is more than the number of male billionaires in the same period (39%). As of 2019 there were 233 female billionaires in the world, compared to 160 in 2013. Billionaires come from a very wide number of backgrounds. A review of
1190-589: A severe stroke. Doris Duke died at her Falcon Lair home in Los Angeles on October 28, 1993, at the age of 80. The cause was progressive pulmonary edema resulting in cardiac arrest , according to a spokesman. Duke was cremated 24 hours after her death and her executor, Bernard Lafferty , scattered her ashes into the Pacific Ocean as her last will specified. Rumors and accusations swirled after Duke's death, ranging from suicide to murder, and controversy
1275-563: A sick, sedated old woman into giving him control of her estate. Even more sensational accusations were made by a nurse, Tammy Payette, who contended that Lafferty and a prominent Beverly Hills physician, Dr. Charles Kivowitz, had conspired to hasten Duke's death with morphine and Demerol. In 1996, the year Lafferty died, the Los Angeles District Attorney 's office ruled there was no firm evidence of foul play. Duke University also filed suit, claiming entitlement to
1360-575: A variety of cultures, and during her lifetime she amassed a considerable collection of Islamic and Southeast Asian art. After her death, numerous pieces were donated to The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco and the Walters Art Museum of Baltimore. Duke did much additional philanthropic work and was a major benefactor of medical research and child welfare programs. In the late 1980s, Duke donated $ 2 million to Duke University to be used for AIDS research. Her foundation, Independent Aid, became
1445-589: Is a chain of restaurants named after him in California, Florida and Hawaii called Duke's. On August 24, 2002, the 112th anniversary of Kahanamoku's birth, the U.S. Postal Service issued a first-class commemorative stamp with Duke's picture on it. The First Day Ceremony was held at the Hilton Hawaiian Village in Waikiki and was attended by thousands. At this ceremony, attendees could attach
1530-546: Is a person with a net worth of at least one billion units of a given currency , usually of a major currency such as the United States dollar , euro , or pound sterling . It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual . The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became
1615-570: Is part of Malabar Farm State Park , made possible by a donation from Duke that helped purchase the property after Bromfield's death. A section of woods there is dedicated to her and bears her name. At age 46, Duke started to create Duke Gardens , an exotic public-display garden, to honor her father James Buchanan Duke. She extended new greenhouses from the Horace Trumbauer conservatory at her home in Duke Farms , New Jersey. Each of
1700-745: Is widely regarded as a seminal event in the development of surfing in Australia. The board that Kahanamoku built from a piece of pine from a local hardware store is retained by the Freshwater Surf Life Saving Club . A statue of Kahanamoku was erected in his honor on the Northern headland of Freshwater Lake, New South Wales . During his time living in Southern California, Kahanamoku performed in Hollywood as
1785-665: The American South who were disadvantaged because of racism. Her estimated $ 1.3 billion fortune was largely left to charity. Duke's legacy is now administered by the Doris Duke Foundation, dedicated to medical research, prevention of cruelty to children and animals, the performing arts, wildlife, and ecology. Duke was born in New York City, the only child of tobacco and hydroelectric power tycoon James Buchanan Duke and his second wife, Nanaline Holt Inman, widow of William Patterson Inman. At his death in 1925,
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#17327726815501870-516: The Newport Restoration Foundation , which has since renovated 84 of the city's colonial era buildings. The police chief retired to Florida within a year and bought two condominiums for himself; he was succeeded as chief by the detective who had investigated the incident, instead of his boss who was next in line. In Newport, belief persists today, that there was a coverup facilitated by Duke "blood money". Duke married twice;
1955-468: The U.S. Trust company as corporate co-executor. Lafferty and Duke's friend Marion Oates Charles were named as her trustees. However, a number of lawsuits were filed against the will. At death, Duke's fortune was estimated at upwards of $ 1.2 billion. The best-known lawsuit was initiated by Harry Demopoulos . In an earlier will, Demopoulos had been named executor and challenged Lafferty's appointment. Demopolous argued that Lafferty and his lawyers had cajoled
2040-713: The University of Michigan Museum of Art in the exhibition "Doris Duke's Shangri La: Architecture, Landscape, and Islamic Art", organized by the Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art. The collection is on public display at her former home in Honolulu, Hawaii , now the Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art . Duke acquired a number of homes; her principal residence and official domicile was Duke Farms , her father's 2,700 acre (11 km) estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey . Here she created Duke Gardens ,
2125-639: The global population of 400 million. In the same period, the wealth of the richest 62 people between the World's Billionaires increased by $ 500bn (£350bn) to $ 1.76tn. More recently, in 2017 an Oxfam report noted that just eight billionaires have as much net worth as "half the human race". However, the Oxfam report has been criticized for considering debt as negative wealth, which leads to wealthy people with large amounts of debt to be considered poor or not wealthy. These aggregated statistics for billionaires include
2210-456: The 100 meters (bettering fellow Hawaiian Pua Kealoha ) and in the relay. He finished the 100 meters with a silver medal during the 1924 Olympics in Paris, with the gold going to Johnny Weissmuller and the bronze to Kahanamoku's brother, Samuel . By then age 34, Kahanamoku won no more Olympic medals. But he served as an alternate for the U.S. water polo team at the 1932 Summer Olympics . Between Olympic competitions, and after retiring from
2295-568: The 1930s named " Shangri La " in Honolulu, Hawaii ; and at " Falcon Lair " in the Benedict Canyon area of Los Angeles , California , once the home of Rudolph Valentino . She also maintained two apartments in Manhattan : a nine-room penthouse with a 1,000-square-foot (93 m) veranda at 475 Park Avenue that was later owned by journalist Cindy Adams ; and another apartment near Times Square that she used exclusively as an office for
2380-549: The Doris Duke Foundation and allow limited public access. Duke Farms in New Jersey is managed by the Duke Farms Foundation; a video tour of the former Duke Gardens is available. Rough Point was deeded to the Newport Restoration Foundation in 1999 and opened to the public in 2000. Shangri-La is operated by the Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art . In 1966, Eduardo Tirella, curator of Duke's art holdings for
2465-408: The Doris Duke Foundation, which still exists as a private grant-making entity. After her death, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation was established in 1996, supporting four national grant making programs and Doris Duke's three estates, Shangri La , Rough Point , and Duke Farms . Duke was the life beneficiary of two trusts created by her father, James Buchanan Duke, in 1917 and 1924. The income from
2550-643: The Olympics, Kahanamoku traveled internationally to give swimming exhibitions. It was during this period that he popularized the sport of surfing, previously known only in Hawaii, by incorporating surfing exhibitions into his touring exhibitions as well. He attracted people to surfing in mainland America first in 1912 while in Southern California . He trained and loaned equipment to new surfers, such as Dorothy Becker . His surfing exhibition at Sydney, Australia 's Freshwater Beach on December 24, 1914,
2635-626: The Paoa ohana were considered to be lower-ranking nobles, who were in service to the aliʻi nui , or royalty. His paternal grandfather was Kahanamoku and his grandmother, Kapiolani Kaoeha (sometimes spelled Kahoea ), a descendant of Alapainui . They were kahu , retainers and trusted advisors of the Kamehamehas, to whom they were related. His maternal grandparents Paoa, son of Paoa Hoolae and Hiikaalani, and Mele Uliama, were also of aliʻi descent. In 1893, his family moved to Kālia , Waikiki (near
Doris Duke - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-559: The age of 40, while the list of American-only billionaires, as of 2010, had an average age of 66. Different authorities use different methodologies to determine net worth and to rank them, and not all information about personal finances is publicly available. In 2019, Forbes counted a record 607 billionaires in the U.S.. Over the course of the 2020s, depending on the source and the year, the world's richest person has been reckoned to be Jeff Bezos , Bernard Arnault and family, or Elon Musk . In 2019, 19 people became billionaires. Four were
2805-430: The attention of the U.S. State Department , which cautioned her against using her money to promote a political agenda. Furthermore, there was concern that in the event of her death, a foreign government could gain too much leverage. Therefore, Rubirosa had to sign a pre-nuptial agreement . Nonetheless, during the marriage, she gave Rubirosa several million dollars in gifts, including a stable of polo ponies, sports cars,
2890-506: The beach, where he developed his surfing and swimming skills. In his youth, Kahanamoku preferred a traditional surf board, which he called his "papa nui" , constructed after the fashion of ancient Hawaiian olo boards . Made from the wood of a koa tree, it was 16 feet (4.9 m) long and weighed 114 pounds (52 kg). The board was without a skeg , which had yet to be invented. In his later surfing career, he would often use smaller boards but always preferred those made of wood. Kahanamoku
2975-421: The computer science major billionaires worked in computer science, while only half of engineers worked in engineering, and less than a quarter of finance and economics majors ever worked in finance or economics. The most common field for billionaires to enter was sales and military service. According to a 2016 Oxfam report, the wealth of the poorest 95% dropped by 38% between 2010 and 2015, due to an increase in
3060-607: The court ruled that trial by military tribunal for the civilian was, in this case, unconstitutional . On August 2, 1940, Kahanamoku married dance instructor Nadine Alexander, who had relocated to Hawaii from Cleveland , Ohio, after she had been hired to teach at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel . Duke was 50 years old, Nadine was 35. He was initiated, passed and raised to the degree of Master Mason in Hawaiian Lodge Masonic Lodge No 21 and
3145-434: The education and work histories of the top 400 billionaires shows little correlation between education and success. Nearly 30% of billionaires do not have a college degree, greatly exceeding any other educational background. The most common field of university education was finance and economics, which only contributed to a combined 15.5% of billionaire educations. There is little correlation between any university and becoming
3230-475: The elder Duke's will bequeathed the majority of his estate to his wife and daughter, along with $ 17 million in two separate clauses of the will to The Duke Endowment he had created in 1924. The total value of the estate was estimated from $ 60 - $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 1.0 billion to $ 1.737 billion in 2023), the majority derived from J. B. Duke's holdings in the American Tobacco Company ,
3315-420: The eleven interconnected gardens was a full-scale re-creation of a garden theme, country or period, inspired by DuPont's Longwood Gardens . She designed the architectural, artistic and botanical elements of the displays based on observations from her extensive international travels. She also labored on their installation, sometimes working 16-hour days. Display construction began in 1958. Duke had learned to play
3400-680: The equity market returned 17.8 percent, compared with the 9.1 percent of the MSCI AC World Index . According to the authors of the report, this Billionaire Effect is connected with smart risk-taking and willingness to plan and invest for the long term. The majority of billionaires are male, as fewer than 11% (197 of 1,826) on the 2015 list were female billionaires . The United States has the largest number of billionaires of any country, with 536 as of 2015 , while China , India and Russia are home to 213, 90 and 88 billionaires, respectively. As of 2015 , only 46 billionaires were under
3485-427: The evidence at the scene was not consistent with Duke's account. Tirella's family sued Duke for wrongful death and won $ 75,000. They were initially awarded a larger sum that was subsequently reduced with the aid of Duke's lawyers. In the end, $ 473,000 in today's dollars was divided among Tirella's eight siblings when Duke was found negligent after a trial held five years later. Later biographies and her obituaries repeated
Doris Duke - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-462: The final version of Duke's will specified that she did not wish Heffner to benefit from her father's trusts; she also negated the adoption. Despite the negation, after Duke's death, the estate's trustees settled a lawsuit brought by Heffner for $ 65 million. In her final will, Duke left virtually all of her fortune to several existing and new charitable foundations. She appointed her butler, Bernard Lafferty , as executor of her estate. Lafferty appointed
3655-498: The first time in 1935 to James H. R. Cromwell , the son of Eva Stotesbury and stepson of wealthy financier Edward T. Stotesbury . Cromwell was a New Deal advocate like his wife; Duke used her fortune to finance his political career. In 1940, he served several months as U.S. Ambassador to Canada and ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate. The couple had a daughter, Arden, who was born prematurely in Honolulu on July 11, 1940, and died
3740-471: The following day. They divorced in 1943. In 1988, Duke adopted 32-year-old Chandi Heffner in Hawaii. On September 1, 1947, while in Paris, Duke became the third wife of Porfirio Rubirosa , a diplomat from the Dominican Republic . She paid his second wife, actress Danielle Darrieux , $ 1 million to agree to an uncontested divorce. Because of her great wealth, Duke's marriage to Rubirosa attracted
3825-428: The gas pedal. Lance, and several other experts who reviewed the evidence, concluded that it was far more likely that Duke had deliberately run Tirella over out of rage at his decision to leave her for Hollywood. This evidence would be more consistent with Duke running Eduardo Tirella down just outside the gates. Having been flung over the hood of her car, he came to rest in the road. At that point, she proceeded to run over
3910-494: The incident had changed and was inconsistent with the evidence. The parking brake could not have been released the way she said she had, and all of Tirella's injuries were above his waist, which suggests he was not trapped between the car and the gates when it broke through. The deep grooves left by the Polara's rear tires in the gravel suggest considerably more acceleration than what might have resulted from an accidental depression of
3995-426: The interests and philanthropic aspirations of the Duke family, as well as an appreciation for other cultures and a yearning for global understanding". Duke Gardens were the center of a controversy over the decision by the trustees of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (now Doris Duke Foundation) to close them on May 25, 2008. In 1963, Duke funded the construction of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 's ashram on land leased from
4080-576: The judges must have been using alarm clocks rather than stopwatches and later claimed that ocean currents aided Kahanamoku. Kahanamoku easily qualified for the U.S. Olympic swimming team in 1912. At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, he won a gold medal in the 100-meter freestyle , and a silver medal with the second-place U.S. team in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay . During the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Kahanamoku won gold medals in both
4165-653: The largest indoor botanical displays in the United States. She was also active in preserving more than 80 historic buildings in Newport, Rhode Island . Duke was close friends with former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . In 1968, Duke created the Newport Restoration Foundation , and Kennedy Onassis was appointed the vice president and championed the foundation. Her philanthropic work in AIDS research, medicine, and child welfare continued into her old age. She also donated funds to support and educate black students in
4250-469: The latter was arrested for racketeering. In 1992, at the age of 79, Duke had a facelift . She began trying to walk while she was still heavily medicated and fell, breaking her hip. In January 1993, she underwent surgery for a knee replacement. She was hospitalized from February 2 to April 15. She underwent a second knee surgery in July of that year. A day after returning home from this second surgery, she had
4335-517: The management of her financial affairs. She purchased her own Boeing 737 and redecorated the interior of the plane to travel between homes and her trips to collect art and plants. The plane included a bedroom decorated to resemble a bedroom in a real house. Duke was a hands-on homeowner, even climbing a three-story scaffolding to clean tile murals in the courtyard of Shangri La, and working side-by-side with her gardeners at Duke Farms. Three of Duke's residences are currently managed by subsidiaries of
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#17327726815504420-550: The ocean. In 1994, a statue of Kahanamoku by Barry Donohoo was inaugurated in Freshwater, NSW, Australia. It is the showpiece of the Australian Surfers Walk of Fame. On February 28, 2015, a monument featuring a replica of Kahanamoku's surfboard was unveiled at New Brighton beach, Christchurch , New Zealand in honor of the 100th anniversary of Kahanamoku's visit to New Brighton. A statue of Kahanamoku
4505-408: The original police finding. In 2020, Peter Lance, a Newport native who had begun his journalism career at Newport Daily News shortly after the incident, reinvestigated the case in a Vanity Fair article. He found initially that the police file on the case and the transcripts of the wrongful death suit brought by Tirella's family were missing from archives where they would normally be kept, but
4590-496: The parking brake and shifted into drive, but instead of putting her foot on the brake pedal, she hit the gas. The vehicle, she told police, pinned Tirella against the still-opening gates, knocked them over, and struck a tree. Tirella was found trapped under the car on Bellevue Avenue and was pronounced dead of serious injuries. After a brief investigation, the Newport police ruled the death was accidental. However, re-examination of
4675-431: The piano at an early age; she developed a lifelong appreciation of jazz and befriended many jazz musicians. She also liked gospel music and sang in a gospel choir. Duke cultivated an extensive art collection, principally of Islamic and Southeast Asian art. In 2014, 60 objects from her collection (including ceramics, textiles, paintings, tile panels, and full-scale architectural elements) were displayed temporarily at
4760-519: The pieces of real estate in question was a Manhattan mansion at 1 East 78th Street which later became the home of the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University . When she turned 18, in 1930, the 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) tall Duke was presented to society as a debutante , at a ball at Rough Point , the family residence in Newport, Rhode Island . She received large bequests from her father's will when she turned 21, 25, and 30; she
4845-538: The precursor of the Duke Power Company. Duke spent her early childhood at Duke Farms , her father's 2,700-acre (11 km) estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey . Due to ambiguity in James Duke's will, a lawsuit was filed in 1927 to prevent auctions and outright sales of real estate he had owned; in effect, Doris Duke successfully sued her mother and other executors to prevent the sales. One of
4930-547: The present site of Hilton Hawaiian Village ), to be closer to his mother's parents and family. Kahanamoku grew up with his siblings and 31 Paoa cousins. He attended the Waikiki Grammar School, Kaahumanu School, and the Kamehameha Schools , although he never graduated because he had to quit to help support the family. Growing up on the outskirts of Waikiki, Kahanamoku spent much of his youth at
5015-429: The previous decade, decided to leave for a career in Hollywood as a production designer . On October 6, he flew to Newport, where Duke was staying at Rough Point, to collect his belongings and let Duke know that he was leaving her employ. His friends (who also knew her) warned him she would not take it well. The following afternoon, the estate's staff overheard the two having a loud and lengthy argument before they got into
5100-642: The rescue influenced lifeguards across the US to begin the use of surfboards as standard equipment for water rescues. Kahanamoku was the first person to be inducted into both the Swimming Hall of Fame and the Surfing Hall of Fame . The Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championships in Hawaii, the first major professional surfing contest event ever held in the huge surf on the North Shore of Oahu,
5185-582: The state forestry department of Uttar Pradesh in India. As the Maharishi's International Academy of Meditation , the ashram became the focus of global attention five years later when the Beatles studied there. In 1968, Duke created the Newport Restoration Foundation with the goal of preserving more than eighty colonial buildings in the town. Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis , with whom Duke
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#17327726815505270-414: The stricken man, resulting in his death. Shortly after the case was closed, Duke began making considerable philanthropic contributions to the city, including the repair of Cliff Walk around her estate, previously a source of friction between her and the city when her dogs had attacked tourists, and $ 10,000 to the hospital to which she had been taken the night of the accident. Within months, she established
5355-469: The three separate foundations created to operate Duke's former homes: the Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art, Duke Farms and Newport Restoration Foundation. The trustees have progressively reduced funding for these foundations, stating that Doris Duke's own works are "perpetuating the Duke family history of personal passions and conspicuous consumption." Subsequently, the foundations sold some assets and closed Duke Gardens. Auction house Christie's published
5440-514: The total number of known billionaires and the net worth of the world's wealthiest individual for each year since 2008. Data for each year is from the annual Forbes list of billionaires, with currency figures given in U.S. dollars. Data since 2018 also includes the Wealth-X billionaire census which typically finds higher numbers than Forbes . Duke Kahanamoku Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890 – January 22, 1968)
5525-406: The trusts was payable to any children after her death. In 1988, at the age of 75, Duke legally adopted a woman named Chandi Heffner, then a 35-year-old Hare Krishna devotee and sister of the third wife of billionaire Nelson Peltz . Duke initially maintained that Heffner was the reincarnation of her only biological child Arden, who died soon after birth in 1940. The two women had a falling out, and
5610-541: The tutelage of surfing champion and Olympic swimmer Duke Kahanamoku and his brothers. A lover of animals, in particular her dogs and pet camels, Duke became a wildlife refuge supporter. Duke's interest in horticulture led to a friendship with Pulitzer Prize -winning author and scientific farmer, Louis Bromfield , who operated Malabar Farm, his country home in Lucas , Ohio in Richland County . Today, his farm
5695-547: The university's lower campus, includes a 50-meter training pool and a separate 25-yard competition and diving pool. The long course pool is four feet at both ends, seven feet in the middle, and an average depth of six feet. Kahanamoku's name is also used by Duke's Canoe Club & Barefoot Bar, as of 2016 known as Duke's Waikiki, a beachfront bar and restaurant in the Outrigger Waikiki on the Beach Hotel. There
5780-587: The will of Albert C. Barnes ); Marion Oates Charles, the sole trustee from Duke's last will; James Gill, a lawyer; Nannerl O. Keohane , president of Duke University; and John J. Mack , president of Morgan Stanley . The fees for their lawsuits exceeded $ 10 million, and were paid by the Duke estate. These trustees now control all assets of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, which Doris Duke directed should support medical research, anti-vivisectionism, prevention of cruelty to children and animals, performance arts, wildlife, and ecology. The DDCF also controls funding for
5865-454: The world's first confirmed U.S. dollar billionaire in 1916. As of April 2024, there are 2,781 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over US$ 14.2 trillion, up from US$ 12.2 trillion in 2023. According to a 2024 Oxfam report, the world's top 1% of earners own more combined wealth "than 95% of humanity". As of October 2024, seventeen people have reached the status of USD centibillionaires, meaning that each has had
5950-737: Was a Scottish Rite Freemason in the Honolulu lodge, and a Shriner . He worked as a law enforcement officer, an actor, a beach volleyball player, and a businessman. According to Kahanamoku, he was born in Honolulu at Haleʻākala , the home of Bernice Pauahi Bishop , which was later converted into the Arlington Hotel. He was born into a family of Native Hawaiians headed by Duke Halapu Kahanamoku and Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa. He had five brothers, and three sisters. His brothers were Sargent , Samuel , David, William and Louis, all of whom participated in competitive aquatic sports. His sisters were Bernice, Kapiolani and Maria. "Duke"
6035-538: Was a military police officer during World War II , he arrested Duncan, a civilian shipfitter , for public intoxication. At the time, Hawaii, not yet a state, was being administered by the United States under the Hawaiian Organic Act . This effectively instituted martial law on the island. After Duncan was tried by a military tribunal, he appealed to the Supreme Court. In a post hoc ruling,
6120-470: Was a Hawaiian competition swimmer who popularized the sport of surfing . A Native Hawaiian , he was born three years before the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom . He lived to see the territory's admission as a state and became a United States citizen. He was a five-time Olympic medalist in swimming , winning medals in 1912 , 1920 and 1924 . Kahanamoku joined fraternal organizations: he
6205-440: Was a major Waikiki showroom in the 1960s and is remembered as the home of Don Ho & The Aliis from 1964 through 1969. The showroom continued to be known as Duke Kahanamoku's until Hawaii showman Jack Cione bought it in the mid-1970s and renamed it Le Boom Boom. The Duke Kahanamoku Aquatic Complex (DKAC) serves as the home for the University of Hawai‘i's swimming and diving and women's water polo teams. The facility, located on
6290-515: Was a powerful swimmer. On August 11, 1911, he was timed at 55.4 seconds in the 100 yards (91 m) freestyle , beating the existing world record by 4.6 seconds, in the salt water of Honolulu Harbor. He broke the record in the 220 yd (200 m) and equaled it in the 50 yd (46 m). But the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), in disbelief, would not recognize these feats until many years later. The AAU initially claimed that
6375-402: Was able to find some of those documents. They showed that the investigation into Duke had been cursory and compromised by conflicts of interest. Shortly before the medical examiner arrived at the hospital, for instance, Duke had hired him as her personal physician, meaning anything she told him was protected by doctor-patient privilege. What Lance was able to find, showed that Duke's account of
6460-558: Was also a Noble (member) of the Shriners fraternal organization. He was a Republican . Kahanamoku died of a heart attack on January 22, 1968, at age 77. For his burial at sea , a long motorcade of mourners, accompanied by a 30-man police escort, traveled in procession across town to Waikiki Beach . Reverend Abraham Akaka , the pastor of Kawaiahao Church , performed the service. A group of beach boys sang Hawaiian songs, including " Aloha Oe ", and Kahanamoku's ashes were scattered into
6545-510: Was attempting to enter the city's harbor. Using his surfboard, Kahanamoku made repeated trips from shore to the capsized ship, and helped rescue several people. Two other surfers saved four more fishermen, while five succumbed to the seas before they could be rescued. At the time the Newport Beach police chief called Kahanamoku's efforts "The most superhuman surfboard rescue act the world has ever seen." The widespread publicity surrounding
6630-506: Was exacerbated by Duke's habit of regularly changing her last will and testament, but no criminal charges were ever filed. When Doris' father died, he left a fortune valued at $ 100 million, with the largest share going to Duke and her mother. Nanaline was a shrewd businesswoman, often compared to Hetty Green , and when she died in 1962, she left her daughter an estate then estimated to be worth $ 250 million. Duke also owned numerous shares in big-name companies, such as General Motors , and had
6715-684: Was friends, was the vice president and publicly supported the foundation. Duke was also friends with artist Andy Warhol . Historic properties include Rough Point , Samuel Whitehorne House , Prescott Farm , the Buloid-Perry House, the King's Arms Tavern, the Baptist Meetinghouse, and the Cotton House. Seventy-one buildings are rented to tenants. Only five function as museums. Duke's extensive travels led to an interest in
6800-533: Was installed in Huntington Beach, California . A nearby restaurant is named for him and is close to Huntington Beach pier. The City of Huntington Beach identifies with the legacy of surfing, and a museum dedicated to that sport is located here. In April 2022, NSW Heritage announced that Kahanamoku would be included in the first batch of Blue Plaques to be issued, to recognize his contribution to recreation and surfing. A sculpture of Kahanamoku flanked by
6885-524: Was named in his honor. He is a member of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame . Later Kahanamoku was elected to serve as the Sheriff of Honolulu, Hawaii from 1932 to 1961, completing 13 consecutive terms. During World War II, he served as a military police officer for the United States; Hawai'i was not yet a state and was administered. In the postwar period, Kahanamoku appeared in a number of television programs and films, including Mister Roberts (1955). He
6970-460: Was not a title or a nickname, but a given name . He was named after his father, Duke Halapu Kahanamoku, who was christened by Bernice Pauahi Bishop in honor of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh , who was visiting Hawaii at the time. His father was a policeman. His mother Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa was a deeply religious woman with a strong sense of family ancestry. His parents were from prominent Hawaiian ohana (families). The Kahanamoku and
7055-418: Was sometimes referred to as the "world's richest girl". Her mother died in 1962, leaving her jewelry, a coat, and an additional $ 250 million (see below). When Duke came of age, she used her wealth to pursue a variety of interests, including extensive world travel and the arts. She studied singing with Estelle Liebling , the voice teacher of Beverly Sills , in New York City. During World War II , she worked in
7140-475: Was valued at $ 5.3 billion. Duke's first major philanthropic act was to establish Independent Aid, Inc., in 1934, when she was 21 years old, in order to manage the many requests for financial assistance addressed to her. In 1958, she established the Duke Gardens Foundation to endow the public display gardens she started to create at Duke Farms. Her Foundation intended that Duke Gardens "reveal
7225-467: Was well-liked throughout the Hollywood community. Kahanamoku became a friend and surfing companion of heiress Doris Duke . She built a home (now a museum) on Oahu named Shangri-la . Kahanamoku gave private surfing lessons to Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. and John Aspinwall Roosevelt , the children of Franklin D. Roosevelt . In 1946, Kahanamoku was the pro forma defendant in the landmark Supreme Court case Duncan v. Kahanamoku . While Kahanamoku
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