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46-484: Davao Occidental was part of a Sultanate of Maguindanao but for the Sarangani , it was later became part of Buayan Sultanate . What is now Davao Occidental was once a part of the now-defunct Davao Province which encompasses the entirety of present-day Davao Region . Section 1 of Philippine Commission Act No. 164 dated December 10, 1904 indicated that much of its area as far as what is now Malita once belonged to

92-558: A city is split into several congressional districts, representation via its city councils, known as Sangguniang Panlungsod , follows the districts as set by the congressional districts; otherwise, representation is via an at-large district. At-large representation is also used in municipalities through their Sangguniang Bayan (except in Pateros , where it is split into two districts), and in barangays through their Sangguniang Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan . At-large representation

138-861: A close alliance with the Ternate sultanate of the Moluccas region of Indonesia. Ternate regularly sent military reinforcements to Maguindanao during the Spanish-Moro Wars . Nevertheless, its power was reduced when the Confederate Sultanates of Lanao declared independence from the Maguindanao Sultanate. During the Spanish colonial period, the Sultanate of Maguindanao was able to defend its territory, preventing

184-486: A diverse mosaic of indigenous ethnicities and communities; besides the Maguindanaon themselves, under various forms of vassalage were Iranun (including Maranao ), Sama-Bajau , Subanon , Sarangani , and Kalagan peoples, while in more mutual yet interdependent trade-based relationships were highlander Tirurays and Manobos . The Iranun peoples settled along the coasts of the entire Illana Bay , including

230-461: A few instances, such as Bulacan 's 4th provincial board district includes San Jose del Monte , while its congressional district does not. The province's income determines how many seats it is entitled to, with 6 seats being the least. If a province only has one congressional district, the Commission on Elections then divides the province into two districts based on population and geography. If

276-674: A grouping of provinces and areas of the country, while the Assembly retained its way of representation. During the Commonwealth period, the Philippine Legislature was abolished, and a unicameral National Assembly was established, with representation being like that of the Philippine Assembly, each province having at least one member depending on its population. With the passage of the 1940 Amendments to

322-723: A party-list system of registered national, regional and sectoral parties or organizations. From 1916 to 1935, the Philippines was divided into 12 senatorial districts. Each district except for the twelfth senatorial district elected two senators to the Senate . The senators from 12th senatorial district were appointed by the U.S. Governor-General . Since 1941, when the Senate was restored, all twenty-four senators have been elected at-large in intervals.    Increased representation ;    Decreased representation As per

368-625: A total area of 2,163.45 square kilometers (835.31 sq mi) occupying the southwestern tip of the Davao Region in Mindanao . The province is bordered on the northwest by Davao del Sur; west by Sarangani and northeast by Davao Gulf . The topography of Davao Occidental is hilly, rugged and sloping, with nearly the whole province consisting of mountains. Its eastern shoreline consists of cliffs and beaches with hills immediately on their backs. Coconut trees and hardwood trees mostly dominate

414-429: Is the province's main commercial hub. Tourism has started to gain traction in the province, with potential tourist destinations mostly concentrated in the province's coastal beaches and the Sarangani and Balut islands in the south. Davao Occidental is served by only one partially-coastal highway that traverses the whole length of the provincial mainland from north to south, and could only be accessed by going through

460-821: The Bangsamoro Organic Law , representation in the Bangsamoro Parliament is based from its own parliamentary districts which is distinct from the congressional districts used to determine representation in the national House of Representatives. However the current composition of the parliament is interim in nature and all members are appointed by the President with no regard to the current districts established in February 2024. Representation via provincial boards, known as Sangguniang Panlalawigan are also via congressional districts except for

506-565: The Pulangi and Simuay deltas and Polloc harbor , and further inland along the shore of Lake Lanao as Maranaos . Although they were autonomously led by their datus , they were vassals of the Sultan from paying tributes and formal acknowledgements. During Barahaman's reign, their population was estimated to be around 90,000-100,000. Alongside the Bajaus, they were the most important allies of

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552-553: The Senate , most Sangguniang Panlungsod , Sangguniang Bayan , Sangguniang Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan are all elected at-large , although there were districts for the Senate from 1916 to 1935. The first composition of legislative districts was enshrined in the Ordinance appended to the Constitution . Changes in the composition of legislative districts were later added as new provinces and cities were created, and

598-809: The sa ilud principalities served as entrepôts for both domestic and foreign trade and the sa raya region as its breadbasket . Several economic reforms were made under Kudarat: wax was monopolized in Sarangani and the Davao Gulf ports, and restricted trade in the former only by permission with a license from the Sultan himself. He also acquired shahbandars to oversee the trade and commodities sectors. The most important exports were rice , wax , tobacco , and clove and cinnamon barks , alongside coconut oil , sago , beans, tortoiseshells , bird's nests , and ebony hardwood . The people of Maguindanao are certainly known under one name, but consist of many different nations. At its peak, Maguindanao maintained

644-588: The 1935 Constitution, a bicameral Congress was established with a House of Representatives and a Senate . The House of Representatives way of representation was like that of the Philippine Assembly, while the Senate's members were elected at large. With the coming of the Interim Batasang Pambansa and the regular Batasan during the Marcos regime, representation was done in many ways: most members were elected by regions, some by appointment from

690-435: The 2020 census was 317,159 people, with a density of 150 inhabitants per square kilometer or 390 inhabitants per square mile. The population mostly consists of people whose ancestors originate from the migrants from Visayan Islands and Luzon . The Lumad natives only form a small part of the population and live in the more mountainous and forested areas of the province. Indonesian settlers of Sangirese descent even live in

736-563: The 2nd congressional district are far-off that impairs the effective delivery of basic services, as well as the access to government offices. However, Davao del Sur Representative Marc Douglas Cagas considered the creation of the province as nothing more than gerrymandering and political convenience. Government officials of Davao del Sur, with assistance from the Department of the Interior and Local Government , exercised jurisdiction over

782-592: The Cotabato Valley on Mindanao and then Sharif Kabungsuwan , a member of the Ba 'Alawi sada of Johor in what is now modern day Malaysia , preached Islam in the area in the 16th century, Tabunaway converted, while Mamalu decided to hold fast to their ancestral animist beliefs. The brothers parted ways, with Tabunaway heading to the lowlands and Mamalu to the mountains, but they vowed to honor their kinship, and thus an unwritten pact of peace between Maguindanaons and

828-794: The Davao Occidental until the elected local officials of the 2016 elections assumed office on June 30, 2016. Our Lady of the Rosary of Malita is the patroness and protectress of the province since October 7, 2024, through the Resolution No. 82-2024 released by the Provincial Government Office of Davao Occidental on September 11, 2024. The devotion started during the 19th century which further propagated through its canonical (rather, episcopal) coronation that took place on October 7, 2022. Davao Occidental covers

874-478: The Maguindanao; the sultanate heavily depended on their vast manpower to maintain the status quo throughout the region. Paradoxically, however, they were also perceived by Maguindanao royalty as the least trustworthy of all groups; they were apparently notorious for rogue activities, and several punitive expeditions were made to quell minor Iranun uprisings. European traders were sometimes advised to sail south of

920-495: The Spaniards from colonizing the entire coastal Mindanao and ceding the island of Palawan to the Spanish government in 1705. The island priory ceded to him by Sulu Sultan Sahabuddin. This was to have help dissuade Spanish encroachments into the island of Maguindanao and Sulu itself. Chinese gongs, yellow as a color of royalty, and idioms of Chinese origin entered Mindanao culture. Royalty was connected to yellow. The color yellow

966-497: The Sultan's envoys, interpreters, tribute collection from the coastal settlements, and as river guardians. The Subanon peoples of the Zamboanga peninsula were also vassals of the sultanate. Aside from offering manpower, they were entrusted with two main roles: production and trade of local cinnamon ( Cinnamomum mindanaense ) and maintaining storage networks for the Maguindanao's hardware, especially cannons. The Tirurays of

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1012-618: The Sultanate of Maguindanao, Kingdom of Buayan , and Domain of Allah Valley . Legislative districts of the Philippines The legislative districts of the Philippines are the divisions of the Philippines ' provinces and cities for representation in the various legislative bodies. Congressional districts are for House of Representatives , while there are districts for Sangguniang Panlalawigan , and some Sangguniang Panlungsod . For purposes of representation,

1058-682: The Teduray was forged through the two brothers. Shariff Kabungsuwan preached Islam in the area, which was earlier Hindu -influenced from Srivijaya times, at the end of the 16th century and established himself as Sultan seated in Malabang . He exiled some of his people who apostatised to Cotabato. He subsequently married into the families of local chieftains and established the Sultanate of Maguindanao, with its seat in Slangan (the western part of present-day Cotabato), making him virtually Sultan of

1104-513: The capital itself, though nearby. Small in numbers, they were typically fishermen who supplied sea produce for trading vessels and Maguindaon land dwellers, sometimes sailing as far as the Tomini Gulf for catches. However, they were also called upon for a variety of other jobs ranging from supplying boats, joining slave raiding expeditions , and as boat rowing entourage for royalty and other esteemed officials alongside more dangerous jobs as

1150-589: The composition was modified through laws enacted by Congress . Apportionment on local legislatures is also possible. Representation to the legislature traces its origin to the Spanish era, when the Philippines was granted very limited representation to the Spanish Cortes . During the American period, when the Philippine Bill of 1902 was enacted, the first Philippine Assembly was established as

1196-716: The different sectors of the society such as youth and labor, and some were members of the Cabinet appointed by the President. However, with the advent of the 1987 Constitution, the Batasan was scrapped and the Congress was restored. The present way of electing delegates to the House of Representatives is through legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities and the Metropolitan Manila Area and through

1242-433: The lower house and the then-existing Philippine Commission as the upper house. Representation in the assembly was apportioned among the provinces with respect to their population, provided that no province shall have less than one member. In 1916, the Philippine Legislature was reconstituted with a Senate as the upper house and the Assembly retained as the lower house. The Senate elected members through Senatorial Districts,

1288-536: The municipality of Santa Cruz . The original chief inhabitants of the area were the indigenous Lumad tribes including the Matigsalugs and Tagakaulos. Around the early 1900s onward, migrants from Luzon and the Visayas settled in the area, many of whom intermarried with the indigenous people; as decades progressed, the descendants of the migrants became the majority of the population. The municipality of Malita

1334-545: The northern and western mountains surrounding the Cotabato Basin, and like the Tirurays, held largely mutual trade relationships with the sultanate. Manobo territories were outside the margins of any Maguindanao control and considered too dangerous. Consequently, trade activity was restricted to only between them and the royal family and principal datus. They mostly traded gold for clothing. Since its capture in 1625,

1380-460: The people of the Sarangani islands were subjugated by Maguindanao through various enforced trade policies in that area, and may be considered slaves of the sultanate than merely subjects. Aside from serving as the Sultan's primary warehouse, Kudarat restricted their trading activities with foreigners through his personal permission for a license, except for several Chinese in wax trading. The islands' crossroads position served various professions for

1426-610: The predominantly Iranun Polloc area into the Simuay River if heading towards the capital for safety, and were denied permanent trading posts for the same reason. The Sama-Bajau , or simply Badjaos, of Maguindanao were primarily based around the Simuay delta, though they were nomads who lived on the shorelines and did not live in permanent settlements like the Iranun; additionally, they were particularly barred from living within

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1472-408: The province. The main industries in Davao Occidental are aquaculture and agriculture. Economic produce in the province include fish, bananas and coconuts which are then exported to several major cities within southern Mindanao, including Davao City . Rice farms are only limited to the few flat lands in the province due to its mountainous and thickly forested nature. The capital town of Malita

1518-442: The provincial mainland. The province of Davao Occidental is governed by a governor and a vice governor. The whole province is a lone congressional legislative district . The municipality of Malita , the largest and most populous in the province, serves as the provincial capital and the place where the provincial officials of Davao Occidental convene. The province comprises 5 municipalities . The population of Davao Occidental in

1564-820: The road crossings in Sulop in Davao del Sur province and, farther ahead, in the city of General Santos . Buses, jeepneys and passenger vans that originate from and serve the cities of Davao and Digos are the main primary modes of transportation in the province. Boats serve as the primary maritime mode of transportation for coastal areas not yet accessible by roads and the island municipality of Sarangani . Download coordinates as: Sultanate of Maguindanao Events/Artifacts (north to south) Events/Artifacts Artifacts The Sultanate of Maguindanao ( Maguindanaon : Kasultanan nu Magindanaw , Jawi : كسولتانن نو مڬیندنو; Filipino : Kasultanan ng Mangindánaw )

1610-430: The southern Tiruray Highlands and its coast held a mutual but interdependent position with the sultanate largely defined by trade. Trade pacts were established between Magindanaon datus and Tiruray neighborhoods through seketas teel ("cutting rattan together"). They largely traded forest and some agricultural produce like wax, tobacco, as well as manpower. Manobos comprise a variety of different highland peoples in

1656-666: The sultan. (TBE) Maguindanao maintained close relations with Ternate, Sulu, and Brunei, but developed a rivalry with Buayan. However, Buayan would become a de facto subject state under Sultan Kudarat of Maguindanao. (TBE) Since the ratification of a peace treaty between Muslims and Christians in 1645 by Kudarat and Zamboanga governor Francisco de Atienza Ibañez, the following period of relative stability ushered an economic golden age as Maguindanao reopened its harbors to international trade, first based in Kudarat's capital of Simuay (present-day Sultan Mastura ). Maguindanao's economy

1702-646: The sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders. According to the Yuan annals of 1304 in the Nanhai Zhi , a polity known as Wenduling (文杜陵) may have been the predecessor state of Maguindanao. Wenduling was invaded by then Hindu-Buddhist Brunei (Pon-i), until it rebelled and successfully broke away after the Majapahit invasion of the latter. Islamization then happened afterwards. Two brothers named Mamalu and Tabunaway lived peacefully in

1748-427: The sultanate, from ship repair, agricultural produce, wood, water, and manpower. Otherwise known in historical accounts as simply peoples of the Davao Gulf area, Kalagans were also subject to similar protectionist trade restrictions by Maguindanao since Kudarat's reign. Maguindanao since shared control of the area with Kandahar ( Sangir ) until usurpation by the former during Sultan Barahaman's rule. Probably only

1794-582: The town of present-day Davao and nearby settlements were subjugated and paid tribute. Like Sarangani, they offered manpower and agricultural and forest goods. Kalangan, another settlement elsewhere in the region, had its own tributaries inland and did not pay tribute to Maguindanao, but provided food and traded wax and lower prices for visiting Maguindanaon traders. Historical records document 24 Sultans of Maguindanao. Simuay (1637-1671) Sibugay (1900-1926) As of May 2018, there are three major royal families in Maguindanao. Each having an enthroned sultan under

1840-473: The whole island. The sultanate was largely centered around the Cotabato Valley. Sultan Muhammad Kudarat , and whose name as a youth was Ullah Untong, was one of the greatest sultans who controlled Mindanao. In his island sanctuary in Sulu, he was known as Sultan Nasiruddin, and is buried there. His grandson Abd al-Rahman continued increasing the Sultanate's power and influence. The Maguindanao sultanate also had

1886-430: Was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao , in the southern Philippines , especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces ( Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte ), Soccsksargen , Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region . Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to bay of Sarangani until Davao Gulf . During the era of European colonization ,

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1932-417: Was founded on November 13, 1936 per Proclamation No. 64 signed by President Manuel Quezon. It was the first town to be established in the area of what is now Davao Occidental and would later serve as its provincial capital. More towns in the area are established later: Trinidad (now Jose Abad Santos) in 1948, Sta Maria in 1968, Don Marcelino in 1979, and Sarangani in 1980. On May 8, 1967, Davao Province

1978-421: Was held on October 28, 2013, along with the barangay elections and the majority of votes cast were "Yes", ratifying the province. The motive of creating the province was to boost the economic condition and social progress of the municipalities. Senator Bongbong Marcos , who sponsored the creation of Davao Occidental, said that the distances of Digos , Davao del Sur's provincial capital, to other municipalities in

2024-575: Was principally driven by two sectors: trade exports of raw materials like agricultural and jungle produce, and slave labor ; it did not maintain a market large enough for imported spices , gold, silk, and other exotic goods. Consequently, this model largely relied on annual outgoing trade expeditions led by Chinese nakodas accompanying trading chiefs most frequently to Ternate and Manila , and regularly to Amboina , Makassar , Batavia and elsewhere in Java , and around Sumatra . Within Maguindanao,

2070-592: Was split into three provinces, one of them being Davao del Sur which included the municipalities of what would later comprise Davao Occidental. Davao Occidental was created through Republic Act No. 10360 enacted on July 23, 2012, comprising five of the eight municipalities that constitute the 2nd district of Davao del Sur . The law was passed by the House of Representatives and Senate on November 28, 2012, and December 5, 2012, respectively, and signed by President Benigno Aquino III on January 14, 2013. A plebiscite

2116-522: Was used by the Sultan in Mindanao. Chinese tableware and gongs were exported to the Moros. Merchant Chinese were tranquilly residing alongside the Moros in Maguindanao. Similar to neighboring sultanates, Maguindanao was decentralized ; every town remained autonomous and ruled by their rajas, datus, etc. However, aspects of centralized authority lay in some sectors of governance absolutely controlled by

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