46-431: David Louis Bartholomew (December 24, 1918 – June 23, 2019) was an American musician, bandleader, composer, arranger , and record producer . He was prominent in the music of New Orleans throughout the second half of the 20th century. Originally a trumpeter, he was active in many musical genres, including rhythm and blues , big band , swing music , rock and roll , New Orleans jazz, and Dixieland . In his induction into
92-450: A chamber ensemble . A chamber ensemble made up entirely of strings of the violin family is referred to by its size. A string trio consists of three players, a string quartet four, a string quintet five, and so on. In most circumstances the string section is treated by the arranger as one homogeneous unit and its members are required to play preconceived material rather than improvise . A string section can be utilized on its own (this
138-545: A Wheel Someday " (1959), " Let the Four Winds Blow " (1961) — all co-written and produced by Bartholomew — and " Blueberry Hill " (1956) and " Walking to New Orleans " (1960), also produced by Bartholomew. Over the same period, Bartholomew wrote, arranged, and produced recordings by many other Imperial artists, including Smiley Lewis (for whom Bartholomew wrote " I Hear You Knocking " and " One Night ", both of which were hits and were later recorded by other musicians),
184-579: A new or pre-existing composition is known as a head arrangement . Arrangement and transcriptions of classical and serious music go back to the early history of classical music . J. S. Bach frequently made arrangements of his own and other composers' pieces. One example is the arrangement that he made of the Prelude from his Partita No. 3 for solo violin , BWV 1006. Bach transformed this solo piece into an orchestral Sinfonia that introduces his Cantata BWV29 . "The initial violin composition
230-439: A number of large-ensemble arrangements in the late 1950s and early 1960s intended for recording sessions only. Other arrangers of note include Vic Schoen , Pete Rugolo , Oliver Nelson , Johnny Richards , Billy May , Thad Jones , Maria Schneider , Bob Brookmeyer , Lou Marini , Nelson Riddle , Ralph Burns , Billy Byers , Gordon Jenkins , Ray Conniff , Henry Mancini , Ray Reach , Vince Mendoza , and Claus Ogerman . In
276-437: A part of Fletcher Henderson 's orchestra in the 1920s. Redman's arrangements introduced a more intricate melodic presentation and soli performances for various sections of the big band. Benny Carter became Henderson's primary arranger in the early 1930s, becoming known for his arranging abilities in addition to his previous recognition as a performer. Beginning in 1938, Billy Strayhorn became an arranger of great renown for
322-408: A piano introduction that conveys "unflagging energy" from the start. The arrangement of this song by Hector Berlioz uses strings to convey faithfully the driving urgency and threatening atmosphere of the original. Berlioz adds colour in bars 6–8 through the addition of woodwind , horns , and a timpani . With typical flamboyance, Berlioz adds spice to the harmony in bar 6 with an E flat in
368-498: A rule two stringed instruments together create a slight 'beat' which does not give a smooth sound." Different music directors may use different numbers of string players and different balances between the sections to create different musical effects. While any combination and number of string instruments is possible in a section, a traditional string section sound is achieved with a violin-heavy balance of instruments. Ernest McLean Too Many Requests If you report this error to
414-471: A series of R&B hits for him. Domino's crossover to the pop chart came in 1955 with " Ain't That a Shame " (initially titled "Ain't It A Shame"), on which Bartholomew deliberately sought to make Domino's style more appealing to white record buyers. Further, hits followed through the late 1950s and early 1960s: " I'm in Love Again " and " Blue Monday " (both in 1956), " I'm Walkin' " (1957), " I'm Gonna Be
460-452: A small jolt to the rhythm of the opening bar, reinforcing the bare octaves of the strings by playing on the second main beat. Unlike Berlioz, Liszt does not alter the harmony, but changes the emphasis somewhat in bar 6, with the note A in the oboes and clarinets grating against rather than blending with the G in the strings. "Schubert has come in for his fair share of transcriptions and arrangements. Most, like Liszt's transcriptions of
506-410: A typical ear for clarity and transparency in rewriting for an ensemble. Below is the original piano version of the closing bars of the second song, "Gieng heit' Morgen über's Feld". The orchestration shows Mahler's attention to detail in bringing out differentiated orchestral colours supplied by woodwind, strings and horn. He uses a harp to convey the original arpeggios supplied by the left hand of
SECTION 10
#1732783367601552-408: Is also a stringed instrument, but is not a member of nor homogeneous with the violin family, and is not considered part of the string choir. Samuel Adler classifies the harp as a plucked string instrument in the same category as the guitar ( acoustic or electric ), mandolin , banjo , or zither . Like the harp, these instruments do not belong to the violin family and are not homogeneous with
598-599: Is less common due to the expense involved. Popular music arrangements may also be considered to include new releases of existing songs with a new musical treatment. These changes can include alterations to tempo , meter , key , instrumentation , and other musical elements. Well known examples include Joe Cocker 's version of the Beatles ' " With a Little Help from My Friends ", Cream 's " Crossroads ", and Ike and Tina Turner 's version of Creedence Clearwater Revival 's " Proud Mary ". The American group Vanilla Fudge and
644-474: Is referred to as a string orchestra) or in conjunction with any of the other instrumental sections. More than one string orchestra can be utilized. A standard string section (vln., vln 2., vla., vcl, cb.) with each section playing unison allows the arranger to create a five-part texture. Often an arranger will divide each violin section in half or thirds to achieve a denser texture. It is possible to carry this division to its logical extreme in which each member of
690-802: The Billboard number one pop chart hit " Ain't That a Shame ". Bartholomew's other hit songs as a composer include " I Hear You Knocking ", " Blue Monday ", " I'm Walkin' ", " My Ding-a-Ling ", and " One Night ". He was a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame , the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame . He was born Davis Bartholomew on December 24, 1918, in Edgard, Louisiana , to Mary and Louis Bartholomew. He learned to play his father's preferred instrument,
736-516: The Duke Ellington orchestra. Jelly Roll Morton is sometimes considered the earliest jazz arranger. While he toured around the years 1912 to 1915, he wrote down parts to enable " pickup bands " to perform his compositions. Big-band arrangements are informally called charts . In the swing era they were usually either arrangements of popular songs or they were entirely new compositions. Duke Ellington's and Billy Strayhorn 's arrangements for
782-460: The Lieder or Berlioz's orchestration for Erlkönig , tell us more about the arranger that about the original composer, but they can be diverting so long as they are in no way a replacement for the original". Gustav Mahler 's Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen ("Songs of a Wayfarer") were originally written for voice with piano accompaniment. The composer's later arrangement of the piano part shows
828-506: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , he was cited as a key figure in the transition from jump blues and swing to R&B and as "one of the Crescent City's greatest musicians and a true pioneer in the rock and roll revolution". Many musicians have recorded Bartholomew's songs, but his partnership with Fats Domino produced some of his greatest successes. In the mid-1950s they wrote more than forty hits for Imperial Records , including
874-574: The Spiders , Chris Kenner , Earl King , Tommy Ridgley , Robert Parker , T-Bone Walker , Roy Brown , Frankie Ford , and Shirley and Lee (who recorded for Aladdin Records and for whom Bartholomew produced " Let the Good Times Roll "). Several of Bartholomew's songs were later covered by other musicians. "Ain't That A Shame" was recorded successfully by Pat Boone ; "I Hear You Knocking"
920-603: The US Army during World War II . He developed writing and arranging skills as a member of the 196th Army Ground Forces Band. At the end of the war Bartholomew returned to New Orleans and, by November 1945, had started leading his own dance band, Dave Bartholomew and the Dew Droppers, named after a local hotel and nightclub, the Dew Drop Inn . The band became locally popular, described as "the bedrock of R&B in
966-668: The piano has frequently undergone this treatment, as it has been arranged for orchestra, chamber ensemble, or concert band . Beethoven made an arrangement of his Piano Sonata No. 9 for string quartet . Conversely, he also arranged his Grosse Fuge (one of his late string quartets ) for piano duet . The American composer George Gershwin , due to his own lack of expertise in orchestration, had his Rhapsody in Blue arranged and orchestrated by Ferde Grofé . Erik Satie wrote his three Gymnopédies for solo piano in 1888. Eight years later, Debussy arranged two of them, exploiting
SECTION 20
#17327833676011012-477: The tuba , then took up the trumpet, taught to him by Peter Davis, who had also tutored Louis Armstrong . Around 1933, Bartholomew moved with his parents to New Orleans , where he played in local jazz and brass bands , including Papa Celestin 's, as well as Fats Pichon 's band on a Mississippi riverboat . He took charge of Pichon's band in 1941, and after a stay in Jimmie Lunceford 's band joined
1058-452: The 21st century, the big-band arrangement has made a modest comeback. Gordon Goodwin , Roy Hargrove , and Christian McBride have all rolled out new big bands with both original compositions and new arrangements of standard tunes. The string section is a body of instruments composed of various bowed stringed instruments. By the 19th century orchestral music in Europe had standardized
1104-504: The British group Yes based their early careers on radical rearrangements of contemporary hits . Bonnie Pointer performed disco and Motown -styled versions of " Heaven Must Have Sent You ". Remixes , such as in dance music , can also be considered arrangements. Arrangements for small jazz combos are usually informal, minimal, and uncredited. Larger ensembles have generally had greater requirements for notated arrangements, though
1150-578: The Duke Ellington big band were usually new compositions, and some of Eddie Sauter 's arrangements for the Benny Goodman band and Artie Shaw 's arrangements for his own band were new compositions as well. It became more common to arrange sketchy jazz combo compositions for big band after the bop era. After 1950, the big bands declined in number. However, several bands continued and arrangers provided renowned arrangements. Gil Evans wrote
1196-508: The Maryland Jazz Band (1995) and New Orleans Big Beat (1998), while continuing to make occasional appearances with his band at festivals. Bartholomew married Pearl King in 1942. After her death in 1967 he married Rhea (née Douse), with whom he had four sons and one daughter. He remained a resident of New Orleans, and celebrated his 100th birthday on Christmas Eve 2018, but plans for a celebration concert were suspended after he
1242-735: The city", and, according to the music historian Robert Palmer , was a "model for early rock 'n' roll bands the world over". A local journalist wrote of the band, in June 1946: "Putting it mildly, they make the house 'rock'." In 1947, they were invited by club owner Don Robey to perform in Houston, Texas , where Bartholomew met Lew Chudd , the founder of Imperial Records . Bartholomew and his band made their first recordings, including "She's Got Great Big Eyes", at Cosimo Matassa 's New Orleans studio for De Luxe Records in September 1947. Their first hit
1288-523: The drug-themed " Junker's Blues ", with lyrics rewritten by Bartholomew and Domino to attract a wider audience — reached No. 2 on the R&;B chart and eventually sold over one million copies, kicking off Domino's career. Both records featured Bartholomew's band, as did a succession of further hits through the 1950s. Bartholomew's "genial, steady-rolling arrangements" contributed to the music's success. Cosimo Matassa said, 'Many times I think Fats' very salvation
1334-617: The drummer Earl Palmer . They were later joined by the saxophonist Lee Allen . Two years after they had first met in Houston, Lew Chudd asked Bartholomew to become Imperial's A&R man in New Orleans. Bartholomew produced Imperial's first national hits, "3 x 7 = 21", written by him and recorded by the female singer Jewel King , and " The Fat Man ", recorded in December 1949 by a young pianist, Fats Domino . "The Fat Man" — based on
1380-449: The early Count Basie big band is known for its many head arrangements, so called because they were worked out by the players themselves, memorized ("in the player's head "), and never written down. Most arrangements for big bands, however, were written down and credited to a specific arranger, as with arrangements by Sammy Nestico and Neal Hefti for Count Basie's later big bands. Don Redman made innovations in jazz arranging as
1426-523: The following year, when its distributor, Dover Records , collapsed. In the 1970s and 1980s, Bartholomew led a traditional Dixieland jazz band in New Orleans, releasing an album, Dave Bartholomew's New Orleans Jazz Band , in 1981. He also took part in Fats Domino's international tours during that period. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer in 1991, and released two further albums in that decade, Dave Bartholomew and
Dave Bartholomew - Misplaced Pages Continue
1472-495: The horn part, creating a half-diminished seventh chord which is not in Schubert's original piano part. There are subtle differences between this and the arrangement of the song by Franz Liszt . The upper string sound is thicker, with violins and violas playing the fierce repeated octaves in unison and bassoons compensating for this by doubling the cellos and basses . There are no timpani, but trumpets and horns add
1518-426: The latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for performance by an orchestra , concert band , or other musical ensemble . Arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new thematic material for introductions , transitions , or modulations , and endings . Arranging is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety". In jazz , a memorized (unwritten) arrangement of
1564-411: The piano part. He also extracts a descending chromatic melodic line, implied by the left hand in bars 2–4 (above), and gives it to the horn. Popular music recordings often include parts for brass horn sections , bowed strings , and other instruments that were added by arrangers and not composed by the original songwriters . Some pop arrangers even add sections using full orchestra , though this
1610-490: The range of instrumental timbres available in a late 19th-century orchestra. "It was Debussy whose 1896 orchestrations of the Gymnopédies put their composer on the map." Pictures at an Exhibition , a suite of ten piano pieces by Modest Mussorgsky , has been arranged over twenty times, notably by Maurice Ravel . Ravel's arrangement demonstrates an "ability to create unexpected, memorable orchestral sonorities". In
1656-534: The second movement, "Gnomus", Mussorgsky's original piano piece simply repeats the following passage: Ravel initially orchestrates it as follows: Repeating the passage, Ravel provides a fresh orchestration "this time with the celesta (replacing the woodwinds ) accompanied by string glissandos on the fingerboard ". A number of Franz Schubert 's songs, originally for voice with piano accompaniment, were arranged by other composers. For example, his "highly charged" and "graphic" song " Erlkönig " ("The Erl King") has
1702-414: The show's instrumentation; a benefit was the creation of more space in the pit for an expanded percussion section. George Martin , producer and arranger for the Beatles , warns arrangers about the intonation problems when only two like instruments play in unison: "After a string quartet, I do not think there is a satisfactory sound for strings until one has at least three players on each line . . . as
1748-512: The song was later recorded by Chuck Berry , who had an international hit with it in 1972, although Berry substantially changed the song's arrangement and verses and claimed credit for writing it. While at Specialty, Bartholomew produced Lloyd Price 's recording of " Lawdy Miss Clawdy ", which featured Domino (uncredited) on piano. The single reached No. 1 on the R&B chart in mid-1952. After that success, Bartholomew returned to Imperial to work again on Domino's recordings, co-writing and producing
1794-404: The string choir. In modern arranging these instruments are considered part of the rhythm section. The electric bass and upright string bass—depending on the circumstance—can be treated by the arranger as either string section or rhythm section instruments. A group of instruments in which each member plays a unique part—rather than playing in unison with other like instruments—is referred to as
1840-413: The string section into the following homogeneous instrumental groups: first violins , second violins (the same instrument as the first violins, but typically playing an accompaniment or harmony part to the first violins, and often at a lower pitch range), violas , cellos , and double basses . The string section in a multi-sectioned orchestra is sometimes referred to as the "string choir". The harp
1886-513: The string section plays his or her own unique part. Artistic, budgetary and logistical concerns, including the size of the orchestra pit or hall will determine the size and instrumentation of a string section. The Broadway musical West Side Story , in 1957, was booked into the Winter Garden theater; composer Leonard Bernstein disliked the playing of "house" viola players he would have to use there, and so he chose to leave them out of
Dave Bartholomew - Misplaced Pages Continue
1932-456: Was "Country Boy", credited to Dave Bartholomew and His Orchestra, which reached No. 14 in the national Billboard R&B chart in early 1950. Prominent members of the band, besides Bartholomew on trumpet and occasional vocals, were the saxophonists Alvin Tyler , Herb Hardesty , and Clarence Hall, the bass player Frank Fields , the guitarist Ernest McLean , the pianist Salvador Doucette, and
1978-498: Was Dave being able to be stern enough and rigid enough to insist on things getting done... He was adamant as he could be about the discipline of the players.' Bartholomew left Imperial after a disagreement with Chudd at the end of 1950, and for two years he recorded for other labels, including Decca , King and Specialty . Among his recordings at King was " My Ding-a-Ling ", which Bartholomew wrote and first recorded in January 1952;
2024-616: Was a hit for Gale Storm in the 1950s and Dave Edmunds in the 1970s; "One Night" and " Witchcraft " were hits for Elvis Presley ; and "I'm Walkin'" was a hit for Ricky Nelson . On various of his songs, a co-writing credit was given to his wife, Pearl King (sometimes confused with the musician Earl King). After Imperial was sold to Liberty Records in Los Angeles in 1963, Bartholomew remained in New Orleans, working for Trumpet Records and Mercury Records and then establishing his own label, Broadmoor Records , in 1967. The label folded
2070-690: Was hospitalized. Bartholomew died of heart failure at East Jefferson General Hospital in Metairie, Louisiana on June 23, 2019, and was buried at St Gabriel the Archangel Catholic Church in Gentilly . Arrangement In music , an arrangement is a musical adaptation of an existing composition . Differences from the original composition may include reharmonization , melodic paraphrasing , orchestration , or formal development. Arranging differs from orchestration in that
2116-411: Was in E major but both arranged versions are transposed down to D, the better to accommodate the wind instruments". "The transformation of material conceived for a single string instrument into a fully orchestrated concerto -type movement is so successful that it is unlikely that anyone hearing the latter for the first time would suspect the existence of the former". In particular, music written for
#600399