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87-467: Davenport College (colloquially referred to as D'port ) is one of the fourteen residential colleges of Yale University . Its buildings were completed in 1933 mainly in the Georgian style but with a gothic façade along York Street. The college was named for John Davenport , who founded Yale 's home city of New Haven, Connecticut . An extensive renovation of the college's buildings occurred during

174-717: A Georgian Revival structure, was influenced by Southern plantation architecture. Although the name has fallen out of use, a secluded courtyard in Pierson was known widely as the "Slave Quarters" for its Southern-style house-like buildings adjacent to the college's main courtyard. Until 1960, Pierson students were referred to collectively as "Slaves." In Branford and Calhoun Colleges, stained-glass windows depicting pastoral scenes of Black American enslavement were installed prominently. Black students raised public objections about these panels as early as 1981. In summer 2016, several months after Yale announced it would keep Calhoun as

261-600: A "Quadrangle Plan" to the Yale Corporation, to be modeled after the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge. Harkness admired the Oxbridge colleges as models of academic community and in 1926 offered $ 12 million to fund the plan. When the Yale Corporation deliberated for two further years and eventually suggested a modest housing plan for freshmen alone, Harkness instead seeded the house system at Harvard College . Yale provost Charles Seymour approached Harkness about

348-503: A 2001 report on Yale's commemoration of slaveowners. In 2009, a student group protested the connection by posting alternative names for slaveowner-named colleges near the college entrances. In the 2015–16 school year, the colleges' relation to slavery and racial oppression received heavy attention. In the aftermath of the Charleston shooting , Calhoun College received particular attention as one of several American institutions named for

435-626: A Czech friend and supplier, Karel (Charles) Bacik , who had four glass factories, about setting up in Waterford. Bacik expressed interest but could not move to Ireland due to have commitments to a young family, and further discussions were delayed by World War II. Bernard Fitzpatrick visited Charles Bacik shortly after World War II ended, in January 1946, and secured special permits to visit again in May. This time Bacik, his family home taken over by

522-402: A college after their freshman year, and under this practice the colleges acquired specific social and class positions. Davenport , Branford and Pierson Colleges gained reputations as residences for the wealthy, while Saybrook and Trumbull were known as "scholarship" colleges. While these stratifications were balanced by the college masters, inequalities persisted until sophomore selection

609-482: A complementary tableware collection in fine bone china for Wedgwood in 2001. The Hong Kong-born Irish fashion designer John Rocha started designing a range of cut crystal stemware and vases in collaboration with glass designer Marcus Notley in 2001. Due to rising competition Waterford Wedgwood announced the closure of its second Irish factory, in Dungarvan , in May 2005, in order to consolidate all operations into

696-730: A derivative of Gothic Revival that emulated the Gothic quadrangles of Cambridge and Oxford colleges. Rogers had previously designed the Memorial Quadrangle as a Gothic dormitory, which was renovated to become Branford and Saybrook Colleges. Similarly, Rogers framed the Jonathan Edwards College quadrangle with existing buildings. Rogers' Gothic buildings at Yale made extensive use of granite masonry and ornament . A small group of artisans—including blacksmith Samuel Yellin and sculptor Lee Lawrie —executed most of

783-475: A formal weekly dinner for its members, usually held in a private common room for faculty members. Upperclassmen are often invited to join the fellows for conversation and presentations. Seniors in the colleges participate in a series of weekly dinner presentations known as the Mellon Forum, where classmates present senior thesis research. These projects are often advised by graduate affiliates and fellows in

870-496: A gift shop, café, and gallery. Many of the employees performed an unofficial sit-in. The sit-in made the BBC News , hoping to prevail upon receiver Deloitte to retain those jobs. On 4 February 2009, there were protests across the city at how the workers were being treated. On 27 February 2009, the receiver , David Carson of Deloitte , confirmed US equity firm KPS Capital were to purchase certain overseas assets and businesses of

957-421: A library, and a small gym; other facilities, which vary from college to college, include chapels, printing presses, squash courts, game parlors, basketball courts, pottery rooms, music rooms, short-order kitchens (known as "Butteries"), and darkrooms. Unlike traditional college dormitories, residences in the colleges are arranged in suites, consisting of a common room and bedrooms for two to six students. Many of

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1044-487: A manufacturing facility that melts over 750 tonnes of crystal a year – although most Waterford Crystal is now produced outside Ireland – and a visitor centre with the world's largest collection of Waterford Crystal. As of 2015, the brand is owned by the Fiskars Corporation . The origins of crystal production in Waterford date back to 1783 when George and his nephew William Penrose started their business,

1131-479: A namesake, Calhoun College employee Corey Menafee dislodged a panel of enslaved cotton pickers with a broom, breaking it. Menafee, a Black man, said the panels were “racist, very degrading." Menafee was fired by the university, but rehired after student protested in favor of his actions. All the stained-glass panels depicting slavery have since been removed. * Named Calhoun College, after John C. Calhoun , until 2017. Waterford crystal Waterford Crystal

1218-528: A public address followed by a private reception, seminar, or dinner with members of the college. Past Tetelman Fellows include James Watson , Murray Gell-Mann , Ben Carson , and the Dalai Lama . Past Chubb Fellows include Aung San Suu Kyi , Chinua Achebe , George H. W. Bush , Harry Truman , Adlai Stevenson , John Kenneth Galbraith , Gwendolyn Brooks , and Lewis Mumford . The colleges hold funds for student research and performing arts projects. Two of

1305-616: A senior official in the Department of Industry and Commerce about an Irish glass-making concept, and in 1937 a local group proposed a project to involve the German company of Otto Maetz of Düsseldorf. This latter was studied by Lemass, still Minister for Industry and Commerce, and the Irish representative in Berlin, Charles Bewley, but was not realised. Meantime, in 1938 Fitzpatrick approached

1392-527: Is a manufacturer of lead glass or "crystal", especially in cut glass , named after the city of Waterford , Ireland . In January 2009, the main Waterford Crystal manufacturing base on the edge of Waterford was closed due to the insolvency of Waterford Wedgwood PLC, and in June 2010, Waterford Crystal relocated almost back to the roots of glass-making in the city centre. The Mall location holds both

1479-409: Is an 11,875-pound (5,386 kg) geodesic orb, 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter and is lit by 32,256 Lumileds Luxeon Rebel LEDs . One of the most popular products in their collection is the "Apprentice Bowl". It requires 600 precision cuts, all done by hand. Cutters would set out to complete this bowl in their fifth and final year of apprenticeship. They were only permitted three attempts, where

1566-511: Is constructed from gothically-detailed sandstone while the remainder of the college has been built in the red-brick Georgian style of the colonial era. This "hybridization" is meant to complement the monumental gothic streetscape of York Street, on which the western façades of the Branford and Saybrook College complex along with Jonathan Edwards College stand opposite the gothic-inspired Yale Daily News building and University Theater. On

1653-577: Is the snack shop. An entertainment center—and game room is nearby. The Davenport basement also includes a letterpress print-shop , a pottery studio, a digital media arts center, a dance studio, and a small theater with stadium seating. These are all shared with students in Pierson . Davenport students also have access to shared facilities on the Pierson side of the basement, including music practice rooms and an exercise room containing treadmills, ellipticals, and free weights. Davenport College freshmen live on

1740-561: The California Redwood country a five-and-a-half foot tall, 400 pound carved wooden gnome as a gift to the college. The gnome, with its green painted shirt and yellow pants, quickly developed a following in the Davenport community, and was soon proudly adopted as the college's official mascot . The gnome was first placed in the college's courtyard, but after repeated theft by neighbor and unofficial Davenport rival Pierson ,

1827-632: The Great Recession . On 5 January 2009, news of the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood PLC was announced in Ireland and the UK. On 30 January 2009 it was announced that the Waterford Crystal plant in Kilbarry was to shut down immediately, despite earlier promises to discuss any such move with the unions in advance. The Kilbarry operation featured a tourist centre offering guided tours of the factory,

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1914-467: The Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake , heavy investors in Irish business at that time. In 1970 John Aynsley and Sons was taken over by Waterford and renamed Aynsley China Ltd. At peak operations, Waterford employed 3,000 staff in a city of 46,000. Jasper Conran began designing his signature range of crystal for Waterford in 1999. The endeavour evolved into four unique lines for Waterford and

2001-631: The Old Campus with the rest of their Yale College class, with the exception of students from Silliman , Timothy Dwight , Pauli Murray , and Benjamin Franklin . Currently, Davenport College freshmen live in Welch Hall , which is located next to Phelps Gate. Welch is known for the 10- and 12-pack suites on the bottom floor (for 10 and 12 students) and the princess suites on the top two floors, complete with cathedral ceilings and skylights. Under

2088-560: The Sheffield Scientific School by Eggers & Higgins , is an amalgamation of Gothic Revival, French Renaissance , and Georgian . Constructed 30 years later, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges were conceived by Eero Saarinen , a mid-century modernist architect, as angular reinventions of the Tuscan village. Although primarily residential centers, the colleges are also intended to be hubs of intellectual life. Since

2175-433: The autonomous , constituent colleges of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge , they are dependent colleges of the university with limited self-governance, similar to most colleges of Durham . Each college is led by a Head of College (formerly known as a Master) who is usually a tenured professor, and a Dean in charge of student affairs and residential life. University faculty and administrators are affiliated with

2262-406: The "upper courtyard"), the lower courtyard and a recently created stone courtyard in front of the dean's suite, the result of the annexation of the former Yale Record building during the 2004–2005 renovations. A half-story terrace and two house-like residential units (one dubbed "The Cottage") flank the upper courtyard to the north. Traditionally, the college's sophomores live in the suites bordering

2349-851: The 1640s, Davenport advocated for the creation of a college near the New Haven Green , a vision realized by Yale College some fifty years after his death. He is also credited with co-founding the nearby Hopkins School . In 1668, Davenport left New Haven to serve as the pastor of the First Church in Boston . His invitation to that position was not without opposition due to his strict Puritan values, especially regarding infant baptism. Davenport died of apoplexy less than two years later. Davenport College was, like many of Yale's residential colleges, designed by James Gamble Rogers . It has two distinct styles of architecture: The York Street facade

2436-453: The 2004–2005 academic year as part of Yale's comprehensive building renovation project. Davenport College has an unofficial rivalry with adjoining Pierson College . John Davenport was born in 1597 to draper and Mayor of Coventry Henry Davenport and Winifred Barnaby. He attended Oxford University for three years starting in 1613 before leaving without a degree. He returned to Oxford to finish his MA and Bachelor of Divinity after serving as

2523-617: The 900th anniversary of the dedication of the abbey after Christoper Hildyard, a minor canon of the abbey for 45 years, convinced the Guinness family to pay for them. Chandeliers hang in other notable buildings, such as Windsor Castle , and the Kennedy Center , Washington, D.C. Waterford Crystal made the 2,688 crystals for the famous New Year's Eve Ball that is dropped each year in New York City 's Times Square . The ball

2610-828: The Baciks, with beds provided by Denis Guiney of Clerys department store. Bacik visited Waterford in August 1946, and sought permission for the factory in October. After also exploring Carlow as a possible location, Bacik formally applied for a lease on the Ballytruckle lands in January 1947, and it was granted for 75 years. Finance was secured from various sources, including a government loan, and construction began 3 April 1947. Skilled crystal workers were not available in Ireland so continental Europeans were engaged, starting in June 1947 with Bacik's fellow countryman and former intern,

2697-624: The Dean's family and resident fellows of the college. The Head of College is assisted by a group of student employees known as college aides who staff the Head of College office as well as events and receptions in the Head of College's House. All enrolled students in Yale College are members of a residential college. Although students once selected their choice college before sophomore year, entrenched social exclusion and economic inequality between

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2784-615: The New Haven municipal government rejected an increase in Yale's non-taxable property. To accommodate increased enrollment, some of the colleges were given annex residences, primarily former fraternity buildings or previously unaffiliated residence halls. In 1969, Yale College admitted its first class of women. Although President Kingman Brewster suggested housing all of the women in Trumbull College , student protest prompted

2871-503: The Quadrangle Plan again in 1930, and Harkness agreed to create and endow eight residential colleges for $ 15.7 million. He requested that James Gamble Rodgers , a classmate of Harkness who had already designed the Memorial Quadrangle and Sterling Memorial Library for Yale, serve as their architect. After appraising Harvard's larger houses, Yale decided to build colleges of 150 to 200 members each. A "Committee on Quadrangles"

2958-494: The Tyng Cup, winning the championship 4 times. The college's ice hockey team has won 16 championships, most recently in 1997. Davenport is the current coed football champion and has won championships in table tennis, golf, bowling, men's volleyball, swimming, softball, and track and field in the past 5 years. Residential colleges of Yale University Though their organizational and architectural features are modeled after

3045-597: The USSR Armed Forces and his factories nationalised, accepted Fitzpatrick's proposal to restart glassmaking in Waterford, and they agreed on the organisation of the factory, with Bacik to secure key staff, and Fitzpatrick a site and permissions. Fitzpatrick agreed a location at Ballytruckle, by Waterford's greyhound track and a soccer ground with the City Manager, and shared the plans with the Department of Industry and Commerce. On arrival he also accommodated

3132-619: The Waterford Glassworks. It produced extremely fine flint glass that became world-renowned. Their Waterford company closed in June 1851, with the loss of 53–100 jobs. The Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction, led by Sir Horace Plunkett , had sponsored John St John Lyburn's experiments at replicating the Waterford Glassworks style of glass at a small glassworks built at the Greater Cork International Exhibition of 1903. Lyburn

3219-590: The Waterford Wedgwood Group. The sit in ended in March 2009 after workers agreed to split a payment of €10m. The fight by the workers to keep the factory open is chronicled in a PBS online documentary. Under the receivership managed by Deloitte , ownership of most of Waterford Wedgwood plc's assets was transferred to KPS Capital Partners in March 2009. Waterford Crystal, along with Wedgwood , Royal Doulton , and other brands, were transferred to

3306-420: The Yale College policy that let incoming students express a residential college preference, Davenport developed a reputation for attracting athletic, upper-class elites until the policy ended with the class of 1958. In July 2022, Anjelica Gonzalez will succeed John Fabian Witt , making her the first Black woman to serve as Head of College in Yale's history. For a while after Davenport College's inception into

3393-440: The Yale residential college system, students were known as "Hybrids," a reference to the hybrid style of the college's architecture. While the nickname appeared in a few official publications in the 1970s, it was no longer used by either Davenporters or their rivals. Davenport students were without a title or figure to rally behind. In 1998, then junior Thomas Shaw, upon returning from a semester of mountaineering, brought back from

3480-531: The Yale–Dartmouth football game. Organizers would release a large canvas ball on Old Campus, and thousands of students would attempt to route the ball to their college courtyard, sometimes popping it in the attempt. Deemed anarchic and dangerous, the game was banned by the Dean's Office in 1982 and only briefly resurfaced in 2009. In addition to Master's Teas, several of the colleges have independent endowments to invite speakers and guest lecturers to present to

3567-467: The abolition of the Freshmen Year and growing enrollment, the university sought to expand the college system. In 1962, another gift from Mellon allowed Yale to build Morse College and Ezra Stiles College on the former site of James Hillhouse High School . Yale attempted to build two more residential colleges in 1972 on Whitney Avenue designed by Mitchell/Giurgola , but aborted the plan after

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3654-505: The acquisition by the then Waterford Glass Group of the famous pottery manufacturer Josiah Wedgwood in 1986. The last chairman was Tony O'Reilly , and the CEO John Foley. The leading shareholders of the holding company were former billionaire O'Reilly and his family, joined in the last decade by O'Reilly's brother-in-law, Greek shipping heir Peter Goulandris . Waterford Wedgwood was forced into receivership in early 2009 during

3741-756: The acquisition of WWRD by Fiskars Corporation was completed including brands Waterford, Wedgwood, Royal Doulton, Royal Albert and Rogaška. The acquisition was approved by the US antitrust authorities. Most Waterford crystal is now produced outside Ireland in countries such as Slovenia , the Czech Republic , Hungary and Germany . Waterford produces many patterns of lead crystal stemware, including lines such as Adare, Alana, Colleen, Kincora, Lismore, Maeve, Tramore , and many others. In 1966 Waterford's chandeliers were installed in Westminster Abbey for

3828-543: The book holdings moved into the expanded Library. Indoor spaces of architectural note include the Davenport Common Room, the aforementioned Spitzer Library and the Dining Hall. The Dining Hall's walls are adorned with a two-panel portrait showcasing the diversity of the college's staff and students. A Waterford crystal chandelier hangs from the dining hall's ceiling. The student buttery, or "The Dive",

3915-615: The buildings' elaborate details. Georgian was the primary style of two of Rogers' colleges, Pierson and Davenport, though Davenport has a street-facing Gothic facade . His final college, Timothy Dwight, was Federal , a reference to the prevailing style in American colonial colleges . Two of the pre-war colleges were designed by other architects. Calhoun College—now known as Grace Hopper College— by John Russell Pope , employed Rogers' Gothic style with greater emphasis on brick materials. Silliman College , assembled from existing facilities of

4002-609: The chaplain of Hilton Castle and vicar of St. Stephen's Church in London. In 1633 he resigned from the Church of England after several disputes with the senior clergy. In 1638 he sailed to North America with his congregation and a patent for a colony in Massachusetts . One year later he co-founded the city of New Haven with Theophilus Eaton and served as its burgess until his departure to Boston 30 years later. Beginning in

4089-546: The college and interact with its students and faculty. Among the most notable are the Tetelman Fellowship, awarded semi-annually by Jonathan Edwards College to a person distinguished in science, and the Chubb Fellowship , awarded several times each semester by Timothy Dwight College to distinguished politicians, writers, and scholars. Both these fellowships are offered by the college master and involve

4176-466: The college, with the exception of a few undergraduate seminars hosted by the colleges and selected by their fellows. Students of Yale's graduate and professional schools are invited to be graduate affiliates of the colleges by their heads of college. The program offers dining hall meals and access to college facilities to the graduate students as well as mentorship for undergraduates. Colleges host up to three graduate affiliates as residents, where they help

4263-506: The college. The program is named for Paul Mellon , whose Old Dominion Foundation endowed a number of academic programs for the college system. While intramural sports have been played at Yale since the nineteenth century, the advent of the college system introduced formal intramural competition. The annual, student-run program includes several dozen events, including soccer, basketball, softball, cross country, water polo, bowling, golf, and table tennis. In addition to undergraduates, fellows and

4350-509: The colleges after their freshman year, which they spend on the university's Old Campus . In addition to sharing common residence and dining facilities, students plan events, lectures, and social activities within their college, and compete against other colleges in a yearlong intramural sports championship. In the fall of 2017, Yale opened two new residential colleges, Benjamin Franklin College and Pauli Murray College , bringing

4437-400: The colleges also have larger student suites, which are used to host parties and events. Most sophomores and seniors live in the colleges, along with many juniors, though some are placed in annex housing throughout the campus. With eight designed by the same architect, James Gamble Rogers, the colleges exhibit strong stylistic harmony. Rogers' primary architectural motif was Collegiate Gothic ,

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4524-479: The colleges as fellows, and some live or keep offices in the college along with the Dean and Head. All fourteen colleges are built in an enclosing configuration around a central courtyard; all but two employ revivalist architectural styles popularized at Yale by James Gamble Rogers . Each has a dining hall, library, recreational facilities, a Head's House, apartments for resident fellows and Dean, and 250 to 400 student rooms, with most arranged in suites. Most reside in

4611-511: The colleges prompted Yale to switch to a system of pre-matriculation sorting in 1962. Students are now randomly assigned to a residential college in the summer before their matriculation, with the provision that legacy students are allowed to choose whether to live in the same college as their alumnus parent or sibling. Most freshmen live in dormitories on the Old Campus , the historical center of Yale College . Members of Timothy Dwight , Silliman , Benjamin Franklin , and Pauli Murray are

4698-426: The colleges' opening, masters have regularly hosted Master's Teas, conversations with distinguished guests open to undergraduates and fellows of the colleges. In addition, the colleges each support a seminar program, where students and fellows select scholars to lead specialized coursework for credit in Yale College. Fellows of the colleges support the college's freshman advising programs. Each fellowship also organizes

4785-479: The colleges' presses were inherited from major printing studios. Three shops remain, and only those in Jonathan Edwards and Davenport College are still in frequent use. Printing arts are still taught through college seminars, and the remaining shops are managed by students with assistance from master printers. Introduced in 1954, Bladderball was an annual inter-college competition traditional held before

4872-539: The colleges. After 1962, students were randomly assigned to a college before matriculation, though legacy students could choose to be in their father's (later, parent's) college. (A freshman-year application system is still used in the Harvard College houses.) Second, a gift from Paul Mellon allowed the colleges to endow deanships, giving students dedicated academic counsel and ending an era of college life solely administered by masters and their spouses. Due to

4959-566: The cutter would then be graded and if they passed it would receive the Waterford Crystal watermark. Sporting trophies are also crafted by Waterford, such as the Masters Series crystal shield trophies that are awarded to the winner of each of the nine men's professional tennis Masters Series tournaments, the AFCA National Championship Trophy that is awarded to the US college football team which finishes

5046-520: The designer Miroslav Havel . A glass-cutting machine began operation for apprentice work in August 1947, but progress was limited by an explosion, and initial production was only of "soda glass". First glass blowing was on 11 September 1947, and first official cutting on 21 September. By the early 1950s it had been taken over as a subsidiary of the Irish Glass Bottle company, owned by Joseph McGrath , Richard Duggan and Spencer Freeman of

5133-475: The discretion of the Council of Masters, juniors may receive awards for leadership, scholarship, or service. At graduation, seniors in each college may receive prizes for their senior thesis, college or extracurricular leadership, or distinction in scholarship, arts or athletics. Although these prizes varied in wealth depending on their original endowment, in 2010 all undergraduate prizes were capped at $ 1,000, with

5220-430: The excess awarded as financial aid, and the administration began discouraging the establishment of new prize funds by alumni. An investigation of the prize caps by Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal found no violation of donor intent . Eight (formerly nine) of the 14 colleges are named after American slaveowners, a fact to which some Yale students and faculty have objected. Particularly controversial

5307-401: The existing colleges. Yale School of Architecture Dean Robert Stern , known for his contextual and traditionalist approach to architecture, was selected to design the colleges in a neo-Gothic style. Originally scheduled to be completed by 2013, construction was delayed by the 2008 economic recession . In September 2013, Yale announced a gift of $ 250 million from Charles B. Johnson for

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5394-659: The families of the masters and deans are also eligible to play. Hundreds of matches are played each year between the colleges, and the most winning college across all events receives the Tyng Cup. Every year during the Harvard–Yale Game , two winning intramural teams face off against their Harvard counterparts for the Harkness Cup. As recently as the 1980s, every residential college possessed letterpress shops in order to print announcements, posters, stationery, and menus, projects now dominated by digital printing . Many of

5481-568: The gnome was relocated inside. It was in the entrance of the administrative offices in Crosspiece for the first semester of the 2005–2006 school year, but was moved to the Davenport Dining Hall. In April 2011, Davenport students stopped a group of Piersonites from the most recent attempt at stealing the gnome. The gnome was successfully rescued and taken to its home in the Davenport Dining Hall. Davenport College has competed for

5568-473: The governing body of the residential system. Fellows advise students, attend ceremonial functions of the college, and participate in its social and academic life. A small number keep offices in the college by invitation of the Head of College, and a few live in the colleges' faculty apartments as Resident Fellows along with the Dean and Head of College. Each college fellowship hosts weekly dinners for its members. Nearly all university academic functions exist outside

5655-532: The heads of college organize lectures, teas, study breaks, and other functions. As resident fellows, they are junior members of the college fellowship. The colleges are organized around enclosed courtyards . Most are laid out in a quadrangle , although Morse and Ezra Stiles are irregularly organized. They are gated and usually closed to the public. Each college contains a dining hall, which students from any college are permitted to use, and extracurricular facilities. Every college also features common rooms, classrooms,

5742-533: The inner, Georgian face, the college entrance has an adaptation of the eastern façade of the original Massachusetts Statehouse , in which the British imperial lion and unicorn have been replaced by a pair of yales . The inner face was featured in the 2008 movie The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 . The enclosed space of Davenport College features three courtyards: Kumble Court (usually referred to as

5829-484: The lower courtyard, while most of the juniors and seniors of the College live around the upper courtyard. Separating the two main courtyards is the Crosspiece, housing both the Dean's and Head's Offices and a classroom space as well as carrels and reading rooms extending from the college's Spitzer Library. The Crosspiece formerly held a second library in the top floor which has since been converted to student housing, with

5916-479: The main factory in Kilbarry, Waterford City, where 1,000 people were employed by the company. The move resulted in nearly 500 Dungarvan workers losing their jobs. In this period some production (20% by 2007) was outsourced to factories in the Czech Republic and Poland, and later also to Slovenia. Waterford Crystal Limited was, until March 2009, a subsidiary of Waterford Wedgwood plc, itself formed through

6003-575: The new company WWRD Holdings Ltd. The sale did not include the factory or visitor centre in Kilbary, and the visitor centre shut its doors on 22 January 2010. A new visitor and manufacturing facility opened in June 2010. On 11 May 2015 in a deal that closed in July 2015, the Fiskars Corporation, a Finnish maker of home products, agreed to buy 100% of the holdings of WWRD. On 2 July 2015

6090-414: The only students to live in their college as freshmen. Thereafter, students take rooms within the residential college by a lottery system. Due to overcrowding, many of the colleges have annex residences where upperclassmen members live, and some upperclassmen live off campus while remaining members of their college. Yale faculty affiliate with the colleges as fellows by appointment of the Council of Masters,

6177-628: The original Peabody Museum , were demolished and replaced by laboratories on Science Hill . The Yale Divinity School campus was moved for Calhoun College (renamed Hopper College in 2017), Berkeley College replaced the Berkeley Oval dormitories, and the university gym was displaced by Trumbull College . After three years of construction, the first seven residential colleges were opened on September 25, 1933, followed by Berkeley College in 1934, Timothy Dwight College in 1935, and Silliman College in 1940. Originally, students applied to join

6264-457: The other collegiate universities of England such as Durham University . Each college is headed by a Head of College , a faculty member who is appointed by the university's president to serve as chief administrator of the college, and a Dean , who is appointed by the Dean of Yale College to oversee academic affairs for the students of the college. Each college has a house for the head of college and his or her family, and private apartments for

6351-437: The power plant, commonly called "Swing Space." As these renovations began, administrators began considering an expansion of the college system. In June 2008, President Rick Levin announced plans to build two new colleges in the northern part of the campus between Grove Street Cemetery and Science Hill . The new colleges were expected to increase enrollment by 15%, to about 6,000 undergraduates, while reducing crowding in

6438-401: The renovated colleges received new basement facilities, including restaurants, game rooms, theaters, athletic facilities and music practice rooms. Dormitory buildings were added to Pierson and Davenport, and the finished underground space of many of the colleges was expanded. To allow renovations to be done during the academic year, Yale built a residence hall between Payne Whitney Gymnasium and

6525-689: The richest are the Bates Fellowship, given by the Jonathan Edwards College faculty fellowship to students conducting senior thesis research, and the Sudler Awards, given for performing arts projects each semester. Students may also apply for post-graduate fellowships for a year of study or travel. Several kinds of awards are given to students by the colleges. For all undergraduates, annual competitions are held for oratory, book collection, translation, and essay writing. At

6612-823: The season at the top of the Coaches Poll , and a representation of the Ashes urn that is presented to the winners of the Test cricket series between England and Australia. The trophy for the Masters snooker championship is also made by Waterford Crystal, as is the Scottish Open snooker championship trophy. Also crafted by Waterford are the winning trophies for the French, Belgian and German Grand Prix in Formula One ,

6699-459: The total to 14. As undergraduate enrollment in Yale College surged in the early 20th century, alumni and administrators began to express concern that the college had lost its social cohesion and lacked residential facilities sufficient for its size. This alienation and overcrowding, along with the growth of off-campus fraternities and society residences and a desire to further integrate

6786-531: The two new colleges. Construction begun in January 2015 and was completed in summer 2017. The colleges were named after Pauli Murray and Benjamin Franklin . Yale's residential colleges are dependent colleges of Yale University: separately administered but not autonomous or independently funded. Although following the residential and social model of the Oxbridge colleges, they do not similarly possess directly affiliated faculty and are similar in structure to

6873-669: The undergraduate populations of the Yale College and the Sheffield Scientific School , prompted the Yale Corporation to solicit funds for new residential buildings from Edward Harkness , a Yale alumnus with major holdings in Standard Oil . Anna Harkness , Edward's mother, gave money for the Memorial Quadrangle and a few other dormitories, but growth in enrollment still outpaced new residential space. In 1925, Yale President James Rowland Angell proposed

6960-533: The university to integrate them into all the colleges. In 1971, Katharine Lustman, a child educator, became the first woman Master at Yale after her husband died shortly before becoming Master of Davenport College; she served for two years. Between 1998 and 2012, Yale undertook yearlong renovations of all twelve colleges, beginning with Berkeley College. Since their opening, most had seen only routine maintenance and incremental improvements to plumbing, heating, and electrical and network wiring. Among other improvements,

7047-556: The university would not rename Calhoun College and that one of the two colleges then under construction would be named for Benjamin Franklin . In February 2017, Salovey reversed his decision on Calhoun College, announcing that it would be renamed for Grace Hopper , the United States Navy rear admiral and pioneer computer scientist. In addition to these titular connections, Pierson and Timothy Dwight Colleges have strong architectural associations to slavery. Timothy Dwight,

7134-411: The white supremacist Vice President. Simultaneously, the word " master ", a title borrowed from the UK collegiate tradition but also a synonym for "slaveowner" in the U.S., received scrutiny at several U.S. universities. In April 2016, Yale President Peter Salovey announced that it would follow Harvard and MIT in changing the appellation of "Master" to "Head of College". Salovey also announced that

7221-548: Was Calhoun College, named for John C. Calhoun , a leading slavery apologist and secessionist in Congress before the American Civil War . Calhoun represented the slave-holding state of South Carolina in Congress for slightly over three decades. Arguments for renaming Calhoun College in particular had been made since the early 1990s, with greater force and additional emphasis on other slaveowner-named colleges after

7308-434: Was abolished in 1962 and freshmen were randomly assigned to colleges before their matriculation. Thereafter, only students with legacy status or siblings at Yale were allowed to choose their college. In the early 1960s, two significant changes occurred in college admission and administration. Until 1962, freshmen had applied to residential colleges for admission in their sophomore year, leading to social distinctions between

7395-400: Was convened to name the colleges, appoint masters , select designs, organize faculty fellowships, and determine their degree of autonomy within the university. New residential buildings required a major reconfiguration of Yale's central campus. Science buildings at the present-day sites of Jonathan Edwards, Branford, and Saybrook Colleges, including Sloane Physical Lab, Kent Chemical Lab, and

7482-465: Was later sent to discuss a 1912 proposal by the principal of Waterford's Central Technical Institute to provide instruction in glassmaking, which was followed by a 1913 proposal for commercial production within the school. The expert input was that it was not yet time for Waterford people to resume glassmaking, but there was discussion with an American investor seeking a glass factory location in Ireland. The Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, Richard Sheehan,

7569-506: Was opposed to foreign investment due to the risk of "foreign influences" and the investor was not persuaded to set up in Waterford. In 1933 a Belgian company explored opening a finishing plant in Waterford, and this was discussed with the Minister for Industry and Commerce, Seán Lemass , who was keen to secure a glass factory for Waterford. The Belgian project did not proceed but in 1935 a Dublin jeweller, Bernard J. Fitzpatrick, approached

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