96-488: David Belasco (July 25, 1853 – May 14, 1931) was an American theatrical producer , impresario , director , and playwright . He was the first writer to adapt the short story Madame Butterfly for the stage. He launched the theatrical career of many actors, including James O'Neill , Mary Pickford , Lenore Ulric , and Barbara Stanwyck . Belasco pioneered many innovative new forms of stage lighting and special effects in order to create realism and naturalism. David Belasco
192-425: A Ziegfeld girl in 1923 at age 16, and within a few years was acting in plays. Her first lead role, which was in the hit Burlesque (1927), established her as a Broadway star. In 1929, she began acting in talking pictures . Frank Capra chose her for his romantic drama Ladies of Leisure (1930). This led to additional leading roles which raised her profile, such as Night Nurse (1931), Baby Face (1933), and
288-447: A managing director , and creative decisions fall to the artistic director . In theatres with no managing director , artistic directors often use the title producing artistic director or managing artistic director, to indicate a higher level of responsibility. In the commercial world of Broadway , New York City and West End , London and touring, both nationally and internationally, producers are expected to be active members of
384-498: A Lady , Stanwyck refused to leave her African-American maid Harriet Coray in a hotel only for African-American people and insisted that Harriet stay in the same hotel as she did. After much pressure from Stanwyck, Coray was allowed to stay in the best hotel in Indianapolis with Stanwyck and the rest of the cast and crew. Stanwyck, at age 45, had a four-year romantic affair with 22-year-old actor Robert Wagner that had begun on
480-468: A Past (1917) and The Gold Diggers (1919) similarly propelled her career. Belasco wrote a lead part for 18-year-old Maude Adams in his new play Men and Women (1890), which ran for 200 performances. Other stars whose careers he helped launch included Jeanne Eagels , who would later achieve immortality as Sadie Thompson in Rain (1923), which played for 340 performances. Belasco discovered and managed
576-404: A convincing impression that it is Stanwyck playing the piano. Pauline Kael , a longtime film critic for The New Yorker , admired the natural appearance of Stanwyck's acting style on screen, noting that she "seems to have an intuitive understanding of the fluid physical movements that work best on camera". In reference to the actress's film work during the early sound era, Kael observed that
672-475: A drunkard. Two weeks after the funeral, her father joined a work crew digging the Panama Canal and was never seen again by his family. Ruby and her older brother, Malcolm Byron (later nicknamed "By") Stevens, were raised by their eldest sister Laura Mildred (known as Mildred; later Mildred Smith), who died of a heart attack at age 45. When Mildred got a job as a showgirl , Ruby and Byron were placed in
768-605: A few blocks away from the New Victory. It was constructed in 1907 as the Stuyvesant Theatre and renamed after Belasco in 1910. The theater was built to Belasco's wishes, with Tiffany lighting and ceiling panels, rich woodwork and murals. His business office and private apartment were also housed there. The Belasco is still in operation as a Broadway venue with much of the original decor intact. Belasco Theatres also existed in several other cities. In Los Angeles,
864-560: A filing job at the Brooklyn telephone office for $ 14 a week, which allowed her to become financially independent. She disliked the job; her real goal was to enter show business, even as her sister Mildred discouraged the idea. She then took a job cutting dress patterns for Vogue magazine, but customers complained about her work and she was fired. Ruby's next job was as a typist for the Jerome H. Remick Music Company; she reportedly enjoyed
960-399: A nightclub dancer who had just scored in a small emotional part in a play that did not run [ The Noose ]. She seemed to have the quality I wanted, a sort of rough poignancy. She at once displayed more sensitive, easily expressed emotion than I had encountered since Pauline Lord . She and [Hal] Skelly were the perfect team, and they made the play a great success. I had great plans for her, but
1056-503: A performance as an ambitious woman "sleeping" her way to the top from "the wrong side of the tracks" in Baby Face (1933), a controversial pre-Code classic. In The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933), another controversial pre-Code film by director Capra, Stanwyck portrays an idealistic Christian caught behind the lines of Chinese civil war kidnapped by warlord Nils Asther . A flop at the time, though it received some critical success,
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#17327880318691152-706: A performer, but in progressive production design and execution. A gifted playwright, Belasco went to New York City in 1882. He worked as stage manager for the Madison Square Theatre (starting with Young Mrs. Winthrop ), and then the old Lyceum Theatre , while also writing original plays. By 1895, he was so successful that he was considered America's most distinguished playwright and producer. During his long creative career, stretching between 1884 and 1930, Belasco either wrote, directed, or produced more than 100 Broadway plays, including Hearts of Oak , The Heart of Maryland , and Du Barry , making him
1248-542: A popular pub frequented by showpeople, introduced Ruby in 1926 to impresario Willard Mack . Mack was casting his play The Noose , and LaHiff suggested that the part of the chorus girl be played by a real one. Mack agreed, and after a successful audition gave the part to Ruby. She co-starred with Rex Cherryman and Wilfred Lucas . As initially staged, the play was not a success. In an effort to improve it, Mack decided to expand Ruby's part to include more pathos. The Noose re-opened on October 20, 1926, and became one of
1344-560: A presenter. I loved him very much, and I miss him. He always wished that I would get an Oscar. And so, tonight, my golden boy, you got your wish." As Stanwyck's film career declined during the 1950s, she moved to television. In 1958, she guest-starred in "Trail to Nowhere", an episode of the Western anthology series Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre , playing a wife who kills a man to avenge her husband. In 1961, she hosted an anthology drama series titled The Barbara Stanwyck Show that
1440-470: A reproduction of a Childs Restaurant kitchen, where actors cooked and prepared food during the play. In his 1919 book The Theatre through Its Stage Door , Belasco relates the following incident: When I produced The Easiest Way I found myself in a dilemma. I planned one of its scenes to be an exact counterpart of a little hall bedroom in a cheap theatrical boarding-house in New York. We tried to build
1536-466: A series of foster homes (as many as four in a year), from which young Ruby often ran away. She attended various public schools in Brooklyn, where she received uniformly poor grades and routinely picked fights with the other students. I knew that after fourteen I'd have to earn my own living, but I was willing to do that ... I've always been a little sorry for pampered people, and of course, they're "very" sorry for me. Ruby toured with Mildred during
1632-444: A slinky, sophisticated con-woman who "gives off an erotic charge that would straighten a boa constrictor", while falling in love with her intended mark, the guileless, wealthy herpetologist , played by Henry Fonda . Film critic David Thomson described Stanwyck as "giving one of the best American comedy performances", and she was reviewed as brilliantly versatile in "her bravura double performance" by The Guardian . The Lady Eve
1728-498: A stage manager while on the road. He said, "We used to play in any place we could hire or get into—a hall, a big dining room, an empty barn; any place that would take us." From late 1873 to early 1874, he worked as an actor, director, and secretary at Piper's Opera House in Virginia City, Nevada , where he found "more reckless women and desperadoes to the square foot…than anywhere else in the world". His developmental years as
1824-518: A supporting player in Virginia City colored his thoughts and eventually helped him to conceive realistic stage settings. He said that while working there, seeing "people die under such peculiar circumstances" made him "all the more particular in regard to the psychology of dying on the stage. I think I was one of the first to bring naturalness to bear in death scenes, and my varied Virginia City experiences did much to help me toward this. Later I
1920-564: A swim in the icy lake. At the age of 50, she performed an extremely difficult stunt in Forty Guns . The scene called for her character to fall from and be dragged by a horse, and the stunt was so dangerous that the film's professional stuntman refused to perform it. She was later named an honorary member of the Hollywood Stuntmen's Hall of Fame. William Holden and Stanwyck were longtime friends and when they were presenting
2016-546: A triumph. What thoroughness! What realism! Knew when to stop, too—didn't cut the pages." The first Belasco Theatre in New York was the Republic Theatre at 229 West 42nd Street, between 7th and 8th Avenues, in the Theater District of Manhattan. Belasco took over management of the theater and completely remodeled it in 1902, only two years after it was constructed by Oscar Hammerstein (the grandfather of
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#17327880318692112-449: Is American in origin, referring to the person responsible for the financial aspects of producing a play, including acquiring the rights to produce it; renting a theatre; hiring actors and staff; and selling tickets. In Britain, these functions were carried out by the manager, while the person responsible for staging the play (now called the "director") was traditionally referred to as the producer. The independent producer usually initiates
2208-566: Is among the top 100 movies of all time on Time and Entertainment Weekly's lists, and is considered to be both a great comedy and a great romantic film with its placement at #55 on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list and #26 on its 100 Years...100 Passions list. Next, she was the extremely successful, independent doctor Helen Hunt in You Belong to Me (1941), also with Fonda. Stanwyck then played nightclub performer Sugarpuss O'Shea in
2304-420: Is important, because of the liability issues mentioned above. All bills, including payroll, must be paid on time, and taxes must be paid. The producer oversees the budget. The theatre owner provides box office services and turns over net ticket sales revenue. If sales fall under a set minimum level, the unprofitable show may close. If ticket sales are good and the show makes a profit, the producer may get 50% of
2400-549: Is located at 1050 S. Hill St in Downtown Los Angeles . The theatre, which was built by Morgan, Walls & Clements, opened in 1926, and was managed by Edward Belasco, another of David's brothers. Many Hollywood stars with theatrical roots, as well as Broadway stars who were visiting the West Coast, appeared at the theatre. The theater declined after the death of Edward Belasco in 1937. After closing altogether in
2496-404: Is one of the most important roles in a theatrical production. Barbara Stanwyck Barbara Stanwyck ( / ˈ s t æ n w ɪ k / ; born Ruby Catherine Stevens ; July 16, 1907 – January 20, 1990) was an American actress, model and dancer. A stage, film, and television star, during her 60-year professional career she was known for her strong, realistic screen presence and versatility. She
2592-490: Is one of the screen's definitive studies of villainy. Double Indemnity is usually considered to be among the top 100 films of all time, though it did not win any of its seven Academy Award nominations. It is the #38 film of all time on the American Film Institute's list, as well as the #24 on its 100 Years...100 Thrills list and #84 on its 100 Years...100 Passions list. She plays a columnist touted as
2688-503: Is regarded as "one of the first significant directorial figures in the history of the American theatre," writes theatre historian Lise-Lone Marker. He brought a new standard of naturalism to the American stage as the first to develop modern stage lighting, along with the use of colored lights, via motorized color changing wheels, to evoke mood and setting. America's earliest stage lighting manufacturer, Kliegl Brothers , began by serving
2784-539: The Best Sound Oscar for 1977 , he paused to pay a special tribute to her for saving his career when Holden was cast in the lead for Golden Boy (1939). After a series of unsteady daily performances, he was about to be fired, but Stanwyck staunchly defended him, successfully standing up to the film producers. Shortly after Holden's death, Stanwyck recalled the moment when receiving her honorary Oscar: "A few years ago, I stood on this stage with William Holden as
2880-667: The Howard Hawks directed, but Billy Wilder written comedy Ball of Fire (1941). In this update of the Snow White and Seven Dwarfs tale, she gives professor Bertram Potts (played by Gary Cooper) a better understanding of "modern English" in the performance for which she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. "That is the kind of woman that makes whole civilizations topple." -- Kathleen Howard of Stanwyck's character in Ball of Fire . In Double Indemnity (1944),
2976-589: The New Amsterdam Theater . "I just wanted to survive and eat and have a nice coat", Stanwyck said. For the next several years, she worked as a chorus girl, performing from midnight to seven in the morning at nightclubs owned by Texas Guinan . She also occasionally served as a dance instructor at a speakeasy for gays and lesbians owned by Guinan. One of her good friends during those years was pianist Oscar Levant , who described her as being "wary of sophisticates and phonies". Billy LaHiff, who owned
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3072-586: The White House , the theater was razed in 1962 and replaced by the U.S. Court of Claims building. Theatrical producer A theatrical producer is a person who oversees all aspects of mounting a theatre production . The producer is responsible for the overall financial and managerial functions of a production or venue, raises or provides financial backing, and hires personnel for creative positions (writer, director, designers, composer, choreographer—and in some cases, performers). The term "producer"
3168-674: The "[e]arly talkies sentimentality ... only emphasizes Stanwyck's remarkable modernism." Stanwyck was known for her accessibility and kindness to the backstage crew on any film set. She knew the names of many of their wives and children. Frank Capra said of Stanwyck: "She was destined to be beloved by all directors, actors, crews and extras. In a Hollywood popularity contest, she would win first prize, hands down." While working on 1954's Cattle Queen of Montana (also starring Ronald Reagan ) on location in Glacier National Park , she performed some of her own stunts, including
3264-529: The "greatest cook in the country" caught up in white lies while trying to pursue a romance in the comedy Christmas in Connecticut (1945). It was a hit upon release and remains a treasured holiday classic today. In 1946 she was "liquid nitrogen" as Martha, a manipulative murderess, starring with Van Heflin and newcomer Kirk Douglas in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers . Stanwyck was also
3360-507: The 1914 film adaptation of A Good Little Devil . He is credited as giving Pickford her stage name as well. He also worked with Lionel Barrymore , who starred in his play Laugh, Clown, Laugh opposite Lucille Kahn , whose Broadway career Belasco launched. Belasco was a member of The Lambs from 1893 to 1931. David Belasco was married to Cecilia Loverich for over fifty years. They had two daughters, Reina (who later married producer Morris Gest ) and Augusta. Belasco died on May 14, 1931, at
3456-581: The American Academy of Dramatic Arts, he began his stage career under Belasco's guidance. DeMille's later methods of handling actors, using dramatic lighting and directing films, were modeled after Belasco's staging techniques. Pickford appeared in his plays The Warrens of Virginia at the first Belasco Theatre in 1907 and A Good Little Devil in 1913. The two remained in touch after Pickford began working in Hollywood; Belasco appeared with her in
3552-478: The Butler). Stanwyck's retirement years were active, with charity work outside the limelight. In 1981, in her home in the exclusive Trousdale section of Beverly Hills , she was awakened during the night by an intruder who struck her on the head with his flashlight, forced her into a closet, and absconded with $ 40,000 in jewels. In 1982, while filming The Thorn Birds , Stanwyck inhaled special-effects smoke on
3648-427: The Hollywood offers kept coming. There was no competing with them. She became a picture star. She is Barbara Stanwyck. He also called Stanwyck "the greatest natural actress of our time," noting with sadness, "One of the theater's great potential actresses was embalmed in celluloid." Around this time, Stanwyck was given a screen test by producer Bob Kane for his upcoming 1927 silent film Broadway Nights . She lost
3744-465: The age of 31. On August 26, 1928, Stanwyck married her Burlesque co-star Frank Fay . She and Fay later claimed that they had disliked each other at first, but became close after Cherryman's death. Fay was Catholic so Stanwyck converted for their marriage. She was reportedly unable to have children, and one biographer alleges the cause of her infertility was a botched abortion at the age of 15 that resulted in complications. After moving to Hollywood,
3840-874: The age of 77 in Manhattan. His funeral was held at Central Synagogue , Manhattan. He was interred in the Linden Hill Jewish Cemetery on Metropolitan Avenue in Ridgewood, Queens . Belasco demanded a natural acting style, and to complement that, he developed stage settings with authentic lighting effects to enhance his plays. His productions inspired several generations of theatre lighting designers. Belasco's contributions to modern stage and lighting techniques were originally not appreciated as much as those of his European counterparts, such as André Antoine and Constantin Stanislavski . But today he
3936-450: The audience. His lighting assistant, Louis Hartmann, realized Belasco's design ideas. He also used 'follow spots' to further create realism and often tailored his lighting configurations to complement the complexions and hair color of the actors. He ordered a specially made 1000-watt lamp developed just for his own productions. He was the only director to have one for the first two years after its introduction (1914–1915). In his own theatres,
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4032-460: The basis for dialogue written by William Wellman , a friend of the couple, for A Star Is Born (1937) starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March . The couple divorced on December 30, 1935. Stanwyck won custody of their son, whom she raised with a strict, authoritarian hand and demanding expectations. Stanwyck and her son became estranged after his childhood, meeting only a few times after he became an adult. He died in 2006. Wrote Richard Corliss ,
4128-404: The business and legal end of employing staff, as in any business entity. Hiring creative staff and teams generally involves the director and playwright's approval. The producer hires the production team, including the general manager, production manager , house manager, stage manager , etc., at their discretion. In many cases, contracts require that the producer use front of house staff (such as
4224-719: The careers of Lenore Ulric and David Warfield , both of whom became major stars on Broadway. He launched the career of Barbara Stanwyck , and was responsible for changing her name. Belasco is perhaps most famous for two works that were adapted as highly popular operas. He adapted the short story Madame Butterfly as a play with the same name . He also wrote the play The Girl of the Golden West . Both of these works were adapted as operas by Italian composer Giacomo Puccini ( Madama Butterfly 1904—twice, after revision) and La fanciulla del West (1910). In other adaptations, more than forty motion pictures have been made from
4320-434: The child "resembled her in just one respect: both were, effectively, orphans." In 1936, while making the film His Brother's Wife (1936), Stanwyck became involved with her co-star, Robert Taylor . Rather than a torrid romance, their relationship was more one of mentor and pupil. Stanwyck served as support and adviser to the younger Taylor, who had come from a small Nebraska town; she guided his career and acclimated him to
4416-559: The controversial The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933). In 1937, she played the title role in Stella Dallas , for which she earned her first Academy Award nomination for best actress. In 1939, she starred in Union Pacific . In 1941, she starred in two screwball comedies : Ball of Fire with Gary Cooper , and The Lady Eve with Henry Fonda . She received her second Academy Award nomination for Ball of Fire , and in
4512-400: The couple adopted a ten-month-old boy on December 5, 1932. They named him Dion, later amending the name to Anthony Dion, nicknamed Tony. The marriage was troubled; Fay's successful Broadway career did not translate to the big screen, whereas Stanwyck achieved Hollywood stardom. Fay was reportedly physically abusive to Stanwyck, especially when he was inebriated. Some claim that the marriage was
4608-552: The cutting edge of their era's technology. When Belasco took over the Republic Theatre, he drilled a new basement level to accommodate his machinery. He had the Stuyvesant Theatre specially constructed with great amounts of flyspace, hydraulics systems and lighting rigs. The basement of the Stuyvesant contained a working machine shop, where Belasco and his team experimented with lighting and other special effects. Many of
4704-493: The decades since its release The Lady Eve has come to be regarded as a comedic classic, with Stanwyck's performance called one of the best in American comedy. Other successful films during this period are Meet John Doe (1940) and You Belong to Me (1941), reteaming her with Cooper and Fonda, respectively. By 1944, Stanwyck had become the highest-paid actress in the United States. She starred with Fred MacMurray in
4800-444: The dressing rooms were equipped with lamps of several colors, allowing the performers to see how their makeup looked under different lighting conditions. Belasco was said to put appropriate scents to set scenes in the ventilation systems of the theaters, while his sets were highly detailed and sometimes spilled out into the audience area. In one play, for instance, an operational laundromat was built onstage. The Governor's Lady had
4896-601: The early 1950s, the theater was used as a church for several decades. In 2010 - 2011, the theater underwent an extensive restoration, and is currently in operation as a nightclub and convention venue. The Shubert-Belasco Theatre, located in Washington, D.C., was purchased by Belasco in September 1905. Originally built in 1895 as the Lafayette Square Opera House , at 717 Madison Place, across from
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#17327880318694992-536: The famous lyricist) constructed it. He gave up the theater in 1910 and it was renamed the Republic. Under various owners, it went through a tumultuous period as a burlesque venue, hosted second-run and, eventually, pornographic films. It was rehabilitated and reopened as the New Victory Theater in 1995. The second Belasco Theatre is located at 111 West 44th Street, between 6th and 7th Avenues, only
5088-757: The first Belasco Theatre was located at 337 S. Main St. The theater, which hosted the Belasco Stock Company, opened in 1904 and was operated by David Belasco's brother, Frederick. This theater was renamed twice: as the Republic in about 1913 and as the Follies, circa 1919. The theater eventually became a burlesque venue in the 1940s, fell into sharp decline, and was demolished in May 1974. The second, and perhaps more well known theatre in Los Angeles, The Belasco
5184-414: The house manager, box office , ushers, etc.) and backstage personnel ( stage hands , electrician, carpenter, etc.) supplied by the theatre. The producer creates, builds on and oversees the budget, sets ticket prices, chooses performance dates and times, and develops a marketing and advertising strategy for the production. Hiring a publicist and marketing team is one of the most important responsibilities of
5280-466: The innovations developed in the Belasco shop were sold to other producers. F. Scott Fitzgerald refers to Belasco's reputation for realism in his novel The Great Gatsby (1925). A drunken visitor in the library of Gatsby's mansion exclaims in amazement that the books are genuine: "See!" he cried triumphantly. "It's a bona-fide piece of printed matter. It fooled me. This fella's a regular Belasco. It's
5376-578: The investigations of the House Un-American Activities Committee , and her husband Robert Taylor testified as a friendly witness. Stanwyck supported Thomas E. Dewey in the 1944 and 1948 United States presidential elections. A fan of Objectivist author Ayn Rand , Stanwyck persuaded Warner Bros . head Jack L. Warner to purchase the rights to The Fountainhead before it became a bestseller, and she wrote to Rand of her admiration of Atlas Shrugged . Stanwyck
5472-622: The lavish film is "dark stuff, and it's difficult to imagine another actress handling this ... philosophical conversion as fearlessly as Ms. Stanwyck does. She doesn't make heavy weather of it." Regarding her pre-Code work, Mick LaSalle, movie critic for the San Francisco Chronicle said "If you've never seen Stanwyck in a pre-Code film, you've never seen Stanwyck". (The Code began to be enforced seriously beginning in July 1934.) Never in her career, including "Double Indemnity,"
5568-508: The lead role because she could not cry in the screen test, but was given a minor part as a fan dancer . This was Stanwyck's first film appearance. While playing in Burlesque , Stanwyck was introduced to her future husband, actor Frank Fay , by Oscar Levant . Stanwyck and Fay were married on August 26, 1928, and soon moved to Hollywood. Stanwyck's first sound film was The Locked Door (1929), followed by Mexicali Rose , released in
5664-602: The love of her life. She took his death in 1969 very hard, and took a long break from film and television work. Stanwyck was one of the best-liked actresses in Hollywood and maintained friendships with many of her fellow actors (as well as crew members of her films and TV shows), including Joel McCrea and his wife Frances Dee , George Brent , Robert Preston , Henry Fonda (who had a longtime crush on her), James Stewart , Linda Evans , Joan Crawford , Jack Benny and his wife Mary Livingstone , William Holden , Gary Cooper , and Fred MacMurray . During filming of To Please
5760-508: The many plays that Belasco wrote. To me, David Belasco was like the King of England, Julius Caesar and Napoleon rolled into one. Mary Pickford Many prominent performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries sought the opportunity to work with Belasco; among them were D. W. Griffith , Helen Hayes , Lillian Gish , Mary Pickford and Cecil B. DeMille . DeMille's father had been close friends with Belasco. After DeMille graduated from
5856-682: The miniseries The Thorn Birds (1983). She received an Honorary Oscar in 1982, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1986 and several other honorary lifetime awards. She was ranked as the 11th greatest female star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute. Stanwyck was born Ruby Catherine Stevens on July 16, 1907, in Brooklyn , New York. She was the fifth – and youngest – child of Kathryn Ann (née McPhee) and Byron E. Stevens, both working-class parents. Her father, of English descent,
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#17327880318695952-580: The most powerful personality on the New York City theater scene. He also helped establish careers for dozens of notable stage performers, many of whom went on to work in films. Among them were Leslie Carter , dubbed "The American Sarah Bernhardt," whose association with Belasco skyrocketed her to theatrical fame after her roles in Zaza (1898) and Madame Du Barry (1901). Ina Claire 's lead in Polly with
6048-432: The most successful plays of the season, running on Broadway for nine months and 197 performances. At the suggestion of David Belasco , Ruby changed her name to Barbara Stanwyck by combining the first name of the title character in the play Barbara Frietchie with the last name of the actress in the play, Jane Stanwyck; both were found on a 1906 theater program. Stanwyck became a Broadway star soon afterward, when she
6144-411: The net profit, the other 50% going to the investors. Statistically, highly successful shows with big profits are the exception. Independent commercial production is a high risk business. Another kind of producer is the non-independent, or line producer , who facilitates other people's projects. A repertory or repertoire or festival or non-profit or amateur organization, in most cases, uses
6240-420: The noir-thriller Sorry, Wrong Number (1948). Stanwyck's film career declined by the start of the 1950s, despite having a fair number of leading and major supporting roles in the decade, the most successful being Executive Suite (1954). She transitioned to television by the 1960s, where she won three Emmy Awards , for The Barbara Stanwyck Show (1961), the Western series The Big Valley (1966), and
6336-628: The official filing of the papers. There have been many rumors regarding the cause of the divorce, but after World War II Taylor attempted to create a life away from the entertainment industry, and Stanwyck did not share that goal. Taylor allegedly had extramarital affairs, and unsubstantiated rumors suggested that Stanwyck had also. After the divorce, they remained friendly and acted together in Stanwyck's last feature film, The Night Walker (1964). She never remarried. According to her friend and Big Valley co-star Linda Evans , Stanwyck cited Taylor as
6432-399: The original theatrical production enhances the value of an artistic property. This right to further options may be included in the royalty agreement. In other duties, the producer may work with theatrical agents, negotiate with unions, find other staff, secure the theatre and rehearsal hall, obtain liability and workers' compensation insurance, and post bonds with unions. The producer handles
6528-459: The primetime soap opera Dynasty prior to the launch of its short-lived spinoff series The Colbys , in which she starred alongside Charlton Heston , Stephanie Beacham and Katharine Ross . Unhappy with the experience, Stanwyck remained with the series for only the first season, and her role as Constance Colby Patterson would be her last. It was rumored that Earl Hamner Jr. , former producer of The Waltons , had initially wanted Stanwyck for
6624-451: The producer. These teams are generally in place before the show is cast. The producer collaborates with the director and all staff to plan a production timeline and deadlines for various aspects of the production to ensure a successful show opening and run. The producer and director oversee this timeline, with periodic re-assessment and modifications as needed. The producer hires accountants, and perhaps already has legal representation. This
6720-401: The production in a limited partnership agreement. In this business structure, the producer becomes the general partner with unlimited liability, and because of this, often brings in other general partners. The producer probably has optioned the play from the playwright , which includes rights to future production for film and television. The producer earns the right to future ventures because
6816-433: The production—finding the script and starting the process. The producer finds the director and pursues the primary goals, to balance and coordinate business and financial aspects in the service of the creative realization of the playwright's vision. This may include casting, but often only includes casting approval. The producer may secure funds for the production, either through their own company or by bringing investors into
6912-551: The prospect of rich reward was the American way." She became an early member of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals (MPA) after its founding in 1944. The mission of this group was to "combat ... subversive methods [used in the industry] to undermine and change the American way of life." It opposed both communist and fascist influences in Hollywood. She publicly supported
7008-704: The role of Angela Channing in the 1980s soap opera Falcon Crest , and she turned it down, with the role going to her friend Jane Wyman , but Hamner assured Wyman that it was only a rumor. While playing in The Noose , Stanwyck reportedly fell in love with her married co-star Rex Cherryman . When Cherryman took ill in early 1928, his doctor advised him to take a sea voyage, so Cherryman set sail for Le Havre intending to continue on to Paris, where he and Stanwyck had arranged to meet. While at sea he contracted septic poisoning and died shortly after arriving in France at
7104-687: The same year. Neither film was successful; nonetheless, Frank Capra chose Stanwyck for his film Ladies of Leisure (1930). Her work in that production established an enduring friendship with the director and led to future roles in his films. Other prominent roles followed, among them as a nurse who saves two little girls from the villainous chauffeur ( Clark Gable ) in Night Nurse (1931). In Edna Ferber 's novel brought to screen by William Wellman , she portrays small town teacher and valiant Midwest farm woman Selena in So Big! (1932). She followed with
7200-768: The scene in my shops, but, somehow, we could not make it look shabby enough. So I went to the meanest theatrical lodging-house I could find in the Tenderloin district and bought the entire interior of one of its most dilapidated rooms—patched furniture, threadbare carpet, tarnished and broken gas fixtures, tumble-down cupboards, dingy doors and window-casings, and even the faded paper on the walls. Belasco's original scripts were often filled with long, specific descriptions of props and set dressings. He has not been noted for producing unusually naturalistic scenarios. Belasco both embraced existing theatre technology and sought to expand on it. Both of Belasco's New York theatres were built on
7296-465: The seminal film noir Double Indemnity (1944), playing the wife who persuades an insurance salesman to kill her husband, for which she received her third Oscar nomination. In 1945, she starred as a homemaker columnist in the hit romantic comedy Christmas in Connecticut . The next year, she portrayed the title tragic femme fatale in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers . She garnered her fourth Oscar nomination for her performance as an invalid wife in
7392-419: The seminal film noir thriller directed by Billy Wilder , she plays the sizzling blonde tramp /"destiny in high heels" who lures an infatuated insurance salesman ( Fred MacMurray ), into killing her husband. Stanwyck brings out the cruel nature of the "grim, unflinching murderess", marking her as the "most notorious femme fatale " in the film noir genre. Her performance as the "insolent, self-possessed wife
7488-478: The set of Titanic (1953) before Stanwyck ended the relationship. The affair is described in Wagner's 2008 memoir Pieces of My Heart . A conservative Republican , Stanwyck opposed the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt . She felt that if someone from her disadvantaged background had risen to success, others should be able to prosper without government intervention or assistance. For Stanwyck, "hard work with
7584-563: The set that may have caused her to contract bronchitis , which was compounded by her cigarette-smoking habit. She began smoking at the age of nine and stopped just four years before her death. Stanwyck died on January 20, 1990, at the age of 82, from congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California . She had indicated that she wanted no funeral service. In accordance with her wishes, her remains were cremated and
7680-424: The sophisticated Hollywood culture. The couple began living together, sparking newspaper reports. Stanwyck was hesitant to remarry after the failure of her first marriage, but their 1939 marriage was arranged with the help of Taylor's studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , a common practice in Hollywood's golden age . Louis B. Mayer had insisted that Stanwyck and Taylor marry and went as far as presiding over arrangements at
7776-473: The specialized needs of producers and directors such as Belasco and Florenz Ziegfeld . With regard to these modern lighting effects, Belasco is best remembered for his production of Girl of the Golden West (1905), with the play opening to a spectacular sunset that lasted five minutes before any dialogue started. Belasco became one of the first directors to eschew the use of traditional footlights in favor of lights concealed below floor level, thereby hidden from
7872-463: The summers of 1916 and 1917, and practiced her sister's routines backstage. Watching the movies of Pearl White , whom Ruby idolized, also influenced her drive to be a performer. At the age of 14, she dropped out of school, taking a package wrapping job at a Brooklyn department store. Ruby never attended high school, "although early biographical thumbnail sketches had her attending Brooklyn's famous Erasmus Hall High School ." Soon afterward, she took
7968-475: The team, and their names appear above the show title. However, many "producers" are really investors or the theatre owner, and claim no say in running the production. A producer credit occasionally applies to people who perform special important services, such as finding a theatre or a star—but normally, the credit for such roles is associate producer . The producer works closely with the production team and cast to make all final decisions. The producer, ultimately,
8064-532: The vulnerable, invalid wife that overhears her own murder being plotted in Sorry, Wrong Number (1948) and the doomed concert pianist in The Other Love (1947). In the latter film's soundtrack, the piano music is actually being performed by Ania Dorfmann , who drilled Stanwyck for three hours a day until the actress was able to synchronize the motion of her arms and hands to match the music's tempo , giving
8160-478: The wedding. Stanwyck and Taylor enjoyed time together outdoors during the early years of their marriage and owned acres of prime West Los Angeles property. Their large ranch and home in the Mandeville Canyon section of Brentwood, Los Angeles , is still referred to by the locals as "the old Robert Taylor ranch". Stanwyck and Taylor decided in 1950 to divorce and, at his insistence, she proceeded with
8256-651: The work, but her continuing ambition was show business, and her sister finally gave up trying to dissuade her. In 1923, a few months before her 16th birthday, Ruby auditioned for a place in the chorus at the Strand Roof, a nightclub over the Strand Theatre in Times Square . A few months later, she obtained a job as a dancer in the 1922 and 1923 seasons of the Ziegfeld Follies , dancing at
8352-399: Was a favorite of directors, including Cecil B. DeMille , Fritz Lang , and Frank Capra , and made 85 films in 38 years before turning to television. Orphaned at the age of four and partially raised in foster homes, she always worked. One of her directors, Jacques Tourneur , said of her, "She only lives for two things, and both of them are work." She made her debut on stage in the chorus as
8448-412: Was a native of Lanesville, Massachusetts , and her mother, of Scottish descent, was a Canadian immigrant from Sydney, Nova Scotia . She had three older sisters, Laura Mildred (Smith), Viola (Merkent), Mabel (Munier) and one older brother, Malcolm Byron (known as "Bert”). When Ruby was four, her mother died of complications from a miscarriage after she was knocked off a moving streetcar in 1911 by
8544-601: Was able to portray her character as vulgar, yet sympathetic as required by the movie. Next, she played Molly Monahan in Union Pacific (1939) with Joel McCrea . Stanwyck was reportedly one of the many actresses considered for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939), although she did not receive a screen test. In Meet John Doe she plays an ambitious newspaperwoman with Gary Cooper (1941). In Preston Sturges's romantic comedy The Lady Eve (1941), she plays
8640-600: Was born in 1853 in San Francisco, California, the son of Abraham H. Belasco (1830–1911) and Reyna Belasco (née Nunes, 1830–1899), Sephardic Jews who had immigrated to the United States from London's Spanish and Portuguese Jewish community during the California Gold Rush . He began working as a youth in a San Francisco theater doing a variety of routine jobs, such as call boy , script copier, or as an extra in small parts. He received his first experience as
8736-408: Was broadcast on ABC from 1965 to 1969, made Stanwyck one of the most popular actresses on television, winning her another Emmy. She was billed in the series' opening credits as Miss Barbara Stanwyck for her role as Victoria, the widowed matriarch of the wealthy Barkley family. In 1983, Stanwyck won an Emmy for The Thorn Birds , her third such award. In 1985, she made three guest appearances in
8832-400: Was cast in her first leading role in Burlesque (1927). She received rave reviews, and it was a huge hit. Film actor Pat O'Brien would later say on a 1960s talk show, "The greatest Broadway show I ever saw was a play in the 1920s called 'Burlesque'." Arthur Hopkins described in his autobiography To a Lonely Boy , how he came to cast Stanwyck: After some search for the girl, I interviewed
8928-411: Was not a ratings success but earned her an Emmy Award . The show ran for a total of 36 episodes. During this period, she also guest-starred on other television series such as The Untouchables and four episodes of Wagon Train . She stepped back into film for the 1964 Elvis Presley film Roustabout , in which she plays a carnival owner. The Western television series The Big Valley , which
9024-1144: Was originally a Protestant, and was baptized in June 1916 by the Reverend J. Frederic Berg of the Protestant Dutch Reformed Church. She converted to Roman Catholicism when she married first husband Frank Fay but does not appear to have remained an adherent after the marriage ended. Stanwyck's older brother, Malcolm Byron Stevens (1905–1964), became an actor, using the name Bert Stevens. He appeared mostly in supporting roles, often uncredited. He appeared in two films that starred Stanwyck: The File on Thelma Jordon and No Man of Her Own , both released in 1950. He appeared in two episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents : (Season 6 Episode 8 (1960): "O Youth and Beauty!" as uncredited Club Member) and (Season 7 Episode 21 (1962): "Burglar Proof" as uncredited Demonstration Guest). He also appeared in one episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour : (Season 2 Episode 25 (1964): "The Ordeal of Mrs. Snow" as uncredited Carl
9120-475: Was she ever as hard-boiled as she was in the early 1930s. She had a wonderful quality of being both incredibly cool and yet blazingly passionate. Her cynicism was profound, and then, without warning, she would explode into shrieking, sobbing." In Stella Dallas (1937) she plays the self-sacrificing title character who eventually allows her teenage daughter to live a better life somewhere else. She landed her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress when she
9216-575: Was to go deeper into such studies." His recollections of that time were published in Hearst's Magazine in 1914. By March 1874, he was back at work in San Francisco, eventually managing Thomas Maguire's Baldwin Theater. When Maguire lost the theater in 1882, Belasco relocated to the East Coast, bringing his practical western experiences with him. The West allowed him to develop his talents as not only
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