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32-600: The Daxi area was occupied for several thousand years by the Atayal people . The Atayal called the local river (modern-day Dahan Creek ) Takoham in their native Austronesian language. This gave rise to similar names such as Toa-kho-ham ( Chinese : 大嵙陷 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tōa-kho͘-hām ; also 大嵙崁 ; Tōa-kho͘-khàm ) in Hokkien and Taikokan in Japanese via transliteration. Eighteenth-century Han settlement in

64-450: A major task associated with adulthood before their faces could be tattooed. For a man, he had to take the head of an enemy, showing his valor as a hunter to protect and provide for his people, while women had to be able to weave cloth. A girl would learn to weave when she was about ten or twelve, and she had to master the skill in order to earn her tattoo. Only those with tattoos could marry, and, after death, only those with tattoos could cross

96-468: A man is relatively quick, on a female it may take up to ten hours. Tattooing was performed only by female tattooists. The tattooing was performed using a group of needles lashed to a stick called atok tapped into the skin using a hammer called totsin . Black ash would then be rubbed into the skin to create the tattoo. Healing could take up to a month. The Japanese banned the practice of tattooing in 1930 because of its association with headhunting. With

128-644: A practice illegal since the Japanese Colonial Era (1895–1945), for a man to earn his facial tattoo , he had to bring back at least one human head; these heads, or skulls, were highly honored, given food and drink, and expected to bring good harvests to the fields. (See Headhunting .) The Atayal are also known for the case of the Wushe Incident , in which the Atayal participated in an uprising against colonial Japanese forces. The Lalaw Behuw,

160-454: A stone, Pinspkan, cracked apart. There were three people, but one decided to go back into the stone. One man and one woman who lived together for a very long time and loved each other very much. But the boy was shy and wouldn't dare approach her. Whereupon, the girl came up with an idea. She left her home and found some coal with which to blacken her face so she could pose as a different girl. After several days, she crept back into their home and

192-467: A type of long knife, was a weapon used by the Atayals. The Atayal are proficient weavers , incorporating symbolic patterns and designs on their traditional dress. The features are mainly of geometric style, and the colors are bright and dazzling. Most of the designs are argyles and horizontal lines. In Atayal culture, the horizontal lines represent the rainbow bridge which leads the dead to where

224-608: Is "Tayal" , although the Taiwanese government officially recognizes them as "Atayal". The Atayal word for Atayal is tayal , meaning "human" or "man". The word the people use to refer to themselves is Tayal, almost never Atayal. The first record of Atayal inhabitance is found near the upper reaches of the Zhuoshui River . During the late 17th century, they crossed the Central Mountain Ranges into

256-511: Is based simply on the geographical distribution and ethnic migration. It does not correspond to observed differences in culture, language, and physiques. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which claims Taiwan as part of its own territory , considers all of the Amis as part of a Gaoshan ethnic group, one of the 56 ethnic groups of the PRC. A genetic study showed that Austronesian speakers such as

288-449: Is both used in everyday life and during rituals. It is traditionally used to carry betel nut, limestone , betel and smoking pipes . Traditionally black, Amis clothing has evolved during the 20th century to using more and more red, “for its perceived festiveness and compatibility with ethno-tourism”. The coloring of necklaces distinguishes different Amis communities. Floral headdresses are also often used during special occasions, such as

320-671: Is in Ulay District (Wulai in Chinese), about 25 kilometers south of Taipei. The Atayal Tribe The community of Smangus in Jianshi Township had become well known as a tourist destination, and an experiment in communalism . Many Atayal are bilingual, but the Atayal language still remains in active use. Amis people Nationally Recognized Locally recognized Unrecognized The Amis ( Amis : Amis, Ami, Pangcah ; Paiwan : Muqami ), also known as

352-595: Is located in Daxi. Daxi is served by National Highway No. 3 and Provincial Highway No. 66 . Atayal people The Atayal ( Chinese : 泰雅 ; pinyin : Tàiyǎ ), also known as the Tayal and the Tayan , are a Taiwanese indigenous people . The Atayal people number around 90,000, approximately 15.9% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the third-largest indigenous group. The preferred endonym

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384-578: Is recorded in the Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho , indicating this term may have originated from a group classified by anthropologists as Falangaw Amis, the Amis group occupying territory from today's Chengkung to the Taitung Plain. Their closest genetic relatives appear to be the native Filipino people . According to Taiwanese Aboriginal History: Amis , the Amis are classified into five groups: Such classification, however widely accepted,

416-469: Is the Harvest Festival . The Amis Harvest Festival is held to express the people's thanks and appreciation to the gods, and to pray for harvest in the next coming year. It takes place every July to September. Traditional Amis clothes were made with cloth knitted with bark and banana threads with bamboo needles, and used wear-resistant linens and pelts. This evolved during the 20th Century with

448-553: The Han as well as other indigenous peoples. The Amis people refer to themselves by two different ethnonyms. While those living in the East Rift Valley and Hualien County generally identify as Pangcah, which means "human" or "people of our kind," Amis living in coastal Taitung County employ the term Amis. Perhaps because of the official name, in 21st-century Taiwan, the term Amis is much more frequently used. This name comes from

480-578: The Pangcah (which means 'people' and 'kinsmen'), are an indigenous Austronesian ethnic group native to Taiwan . They speak the Amis language ( Caciyaw no Pangcah ; Minuqamian ), an Austronesian language, and are one of the sixteen officially recognized Taiwanese indigenous peoples. The traditional territory of the Amis includes the long, narrow valley between the Central Mountains and

512-654: The Taipei Basin led many Atayal families to relocate upriver, though some Atayal stayed and mingled with the newcomers. The settlement later became an important trading post in the 19th century. In 1803, open fighting broke out between two rival factions of Han settlers in Taipei, and many refugees fled south for safety. Among the refugees was the Lin Ben Yuan Family , one of the wealthiest clans in Taiwan at

544-405: The harvest . The musical project Enigma used an Amis chant in their song " Return to Innocence ", on their second album, The Cross of Changes (1993). This song was used as the theme song of the 1996 Atlanta Olympics . The main chorus was sung by Difang and Igay Duana , who were part of a Taiwanese aboriginal cultural performance group. Maison des Cultures du Monde had earlier recorded

576-411: The hongu utux , or spirit bridge (the rainbow) to the hereafter. Male tattooing is relatively simple, with only two bands down the forehead and chin. Once a male came of age he would have his forehead tattooed; after fathering a child, his bottom chin was tattooed. For the female, tattooing was done on the cheek, typically from the ears across both cheeks to the lips forming a V shape. While tattooing on

608-522: The Ami and Atayal of Taiwan, and Kankanaey of Philippines have significant ancestry (67% to 74%) related to Neolithic Fujian source. That Neolithic Fujian source is also estimated to contribute between 35% to 40% of Han Chinese ancestry in Guangdong and Fujian. Family affairs, including finance of the family, are decided by the female householder, in the Amis tradition. The most important traditional ceremony

640-510: The Atayal and other people in the Philippines and Thailand, and to a lesser extent with south China and Vietnam. The Atayal are genetically distinct from the Amis people , who are the largest indigenous group in Taiwan, as well as from the Han people, suggesting little mingling between these people. Studies on Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms suggest ancient migrations of two lineages of

672-639: The Coastal Mountains ( Huadong Valley ), the Pacific coastal plain eastern to the Coastal Mountains and the Hengchun Peninsula . In 2014, the Amis numbered 200,604. This was approximately 37.1% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the largest indigenous group. The Amis are primarily fishermen due to their coastal location. They traditionally had a matrilineal kinship system, by which inheritance and property pass through

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704-491: The ancestors' spirits live. Argyles, on the other hand, represent ancestors' eyes protecting the Atayal. The favorite color of this culture is red because it represents blood and power. The Atayal people are also known for using facial tattooing and teeth filing in coming-of-age initiation rituals. The facial tattoo , in Squliq Tayal, is called ptasan . In the past both men and women had to show that they had performed

736-456: The arrival of cotton , acquired by the Amis through barter, which progressively phased out the use of traditional material in favor of cotton . There are two clothing styles: Hualien and Taitung . Both use a head scarf, chest covering and a skirt. Chiefs and priests, on the other hand, wear robes and rattan headgear, to distinguish themselves. They also have an ‘alufo’ (“lover’s bag”), made with betel nut by their mother or their lover, which

768-632: The boy mistook her for another girl and they lived happily together. Not long after, the couple bore children, fulfilling their mission of procreating the next generation. The Atayal custom of face tattooing may have come from the girl blackening her face in the story. The Atayal people have a distinct culture. They traditionally lived by fishing, hunting, gathering, and growing crops on burned-off mountain fields. The Atayal also traditionally practice crafts such as weaving, net knotting, and woodworking. They also have culturally specific musical instruments and dances. The Atayal were known as skilled warriors. In

800-402: The introduction of Christianity, the practice declined, and tattoos were only seen on the elderly. However, some young people in recent years have attempted to revive the practice. By 2018 only one tattooed elder survived, Lawa Piheg, who was tattooed when she was 8. Lawa Piheg died on 14 September 2019. The Atayal people in Taiwan live in central and northern Taiwan. The northernmost village

832-422: The maternal line, and children are considered born to the mother's people. Traditional Amis villages were relatively large for Taiwanese indigenous communities, typically holding between 500 and 1,000 people. In today's Taiwan, the Amis also comprise the majority of "urban indigenous people" and have developed many urban communities all around the island. In recent decades, Amis have also married exogamously to

864-795: The shops still exist today in the old town section. When the North-South Railway that bypasses the Takoham settlement was completed in 1909, the importance of river trade declined. Takoham lost its significance in North-South transportation, and is no longer a significant trading port. On the other hand, it became famous for the production of wooden furniture. In 1920, the Japanese government renamed this area 大溪 ("big creek"), pronounced Daikei in Japanese and Dàxī in Mandarin, which

896-457: The time. The clan settled in Takoham, invested its fortunes in the settlement and brought prosperity to the whole region. Due to its strategic location and the investments made by the Lin clan, Takoham became the center of trading and transportation between Taipei and the south. Goods would arrive here to be transported to Taipei via Dahan river, and many traders opened their shops in the area; some of

928-567: The various peoples into Taiwan approximately 11,000–26,000 years ago. Recent DNA studies show that the Lapita people and modern Polynesians have a common ancestry with the Atayal and the Kankanaey people of the northern Philippines . The Atayal are visibly different from the Han Chinese of Taiwan. According to stories told by their elders, the first Atayal ancestors appeared when

960-613: The wilderness of the east. They then settled in the Liwu River valley. Seventy-nine Atayal villages can be found here. Taiwan has been home to a number of Austronesian indigenous groups since before 4,000 BC. However, genetic analysis suggests that the different peoples may have different ancestral source populations originating in mainland Asia, and developed in isolation from each other. The Atayal people are believed to have migrated to Taiwan from Southern China or Southeast Asia. Genetic studies have also found similarities between

992-586: The word 'amis , meaning "north." There is still no consensus in the academic circle as to how "'Amis" came to be used to address the Pangcah. It may originally have been a term used by the Puyuma to refer to the Pangcah, who lived to the north of them. Another theory is that those who lived in the Taitung Plain called themselves "'Amis" because their ancestors had come from the north. This later explanation

Daxi District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-676: Was administered under Shinchiku Prefecture . Daxi dried tofu  [ zh ] is a popular ingredient in Taiwanese cuisine . Daxi is also home to the mausoleums of two Kuomintang leaders: the late president Chiang Kai-shek in nearby Cihu and his son Chiang Ching-kuo in Touliao . Xinghe, Furen, Tianxin, Yixin, Yide, Yuemei, Yongfu, Kangan, Yihe, Meihua, Fuan, Fuxing, Xinfeng, Zhongxin, Ruixing, Renshan, Qiaoai, Renyi, Renhe, Renai, Renwu, Renwen, Nanxing, Yuanlin, Guangming, Ruiyuan and Sanyuan Village. The headquarters of Kimlan Foods

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