An air taxi is a small commercial aircraft that makes short flights on demand.
53-693: DayJet was an American commercial aviation operation that provided on-demand jet travel using Eclipse 500 very light jets . Founded by Ed Iacobucci , the former leader of the IBM - Microsoft Joint OS/2 development team IBM executive and the founder of Citrix Systems , and his wife, network architect Nancy Lee Iacobucci, DayJet launched in October 2007. It was based in Delray Beach, Florida . Described by its founders as an on-demand jet taxi service, DayJet raised $ 61 million in venture funding, entered into
106-557: A Hartzell three-blade (later four-blade as optional ) lightweight composite propeller. The weight of the conversion reduces the SR22's useful load. Air conditioning is available with the SR22 Turbo, but this further reduces the useful load. The turbo version has a certified ceiling of 25,000 feet (7,600 m), a maximum cruise speed of 211 knots (391 km/h), and a top speed of 219 knots (406 km/h). In 2010, Cirrus introduced
159-551: A PFD, a new MFD and the installation of back-up mechanical instruments. On 22 May 2008, Cirrus revealed the "Cirrus Perspective" glass cockpit (by Garmin ). Both cockpits were available for several months (the Avidyne cockpit was initially standard equipment) and after 2008 the SR22 was sold with only the Perspective panel. In 2009, the third-generation Cirrus SR22 GTS came equipped with a new enhanced vision system (EVS),
212-507: A five-year agreement with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and purchased 28 Eclipse 500 jets (4- and 6-seaters) at the cost of $ 1.5 million each before suspending operations on September 19, 2008, during the height of the 2008 financial crisis. DayJet was Eclipse Aviation 's largest customer with a planned eventual delivery of 1,400 aircraft representing a majority of the estimated 2,500 Eclipse 500s on order. Its headquarters were in Delray Beach, Florida . DayJet had 239 orders for
265-498: A focus to improve safety and scalability of UAM systems through the launch of the AAM National Campaign and Agility Prime. NASA showed this initiative by signing agreements with 17 companies to test UAM vehicles and systems. On the other hand, the U.S. Air Force's Agility Prime program demonstrates a focus on scalability through exploring vertical flight opportunities for military applications. The air taxi market
318-877: A joint program between the United States government and the AAM industry created by the FAA for the purpose of developing early stage AAM utilization in at least one site by 2028. First efforts by the program anticipate utilizing existing airports and helipads with potential modifications – such as parking stations, charging ports, or weather monitoring capabilities – being added as needed. In Canada , air taxi operations are regulated by Transport Canada under Canadian Aviation Regulation 703. The Canadian definition of air taxi includes all commercial single-engine aircraft, multi-engine helicopters flown by visual flight rules by one pilot and all multi-engine, non-turbo-jet aircraft, with
371-591: A larger fluid tank for the TKS Ice Protection System and protecting more areas of the aircraft. The FAA approved the new installation in April 2009. For several years, the largest fleet of Cirrus SR22s was operated by ImagineAir , which was in operation from 2007–2018. Previously to this, the largest fleet had been operated by SATSair with 26 aircraft. It began operations in 2004 and went out of business in 2009. The largest European operator
424-453: A maximum take-off weight 8,618 kg (18,999 lb) or less and nine or fewer passenger seats, that are used to transport people or goods or for sightseeing. Companies such as Uber claim air taxis and other VTOL aircraft will enable rapid and reliable transportation. Uber plans to develop new skyports, which may provide multidimensional routes opposed to traditional routes taken by current forms of transportation. To achieve efficiency,
477-458: A number of problems that caused the company to cease operations, but that the key issue was the credit crisis . In analyzing DayJet's situation Iacobucci said that problems with Eclipse had contributed, but that the Eclipse 500 was the best choice for DayJet when it was starting up due to its purchase price and projected maintenance costs. Using the Eclipse 500 also permitted DayJet to start with
530-498: A single aircraft type for the whole fleet. Iacobucci indicated in November 2008 that he was still pursuing investors, but would not be committing more of his own money, having already invested US$ 20 million. Iacobucci did not place blame for the company's problems on the choice of the Eclipse 500, saying, "It’s not the flippin’ airplane". Eclipse Aviation announced in October 2008 that they were acting as "the exclusive broker" for
583-587: A single year for Cirrus since 2001, and the first year where the number of CAPS deployments (12) exceeded the number of fatal accidents (3). As of September 2018, pilots had deployed the SR-series parachute 79 times, with 163 survivors. After a failed CAPS deployment in March 2021, Cirrus issued a service bulletin and replaced the firing mechanism in the CAP systems (which control the primer material that ignites
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#1732793178528636-535: A sophisticated dual-wavelength instrument that offers both infrared and synthetic vision . At the 2010 EAA AirVenture , Cirrus announced its plans to certify Garmin's ESP system (Electronic Stability and Protection, similar to ESPs in automobiles ) on the Cirrus SR22. It included advanced flight envelope protection that could stabilize the aircraft with the push of a button, to avoid spiral from developing. The Cirrus Perspective-Plus avionics flight deck
689-522: A year), at age nineteen. He completed his trip on 7 September 2013 in Wollongong . His SR22, Spirit of the Sapphire Coast, was modified by removing three seats and adding a 160 U.S. gallons (610 L; 130 imp gal) fuselage tank for a total of 250 U.S. gallons (950 L; 210 imp gal) usable. The French Air and Space Force uses six SR22s as training aircraft , and
742-484: Is Fly Aeolus , a Belgian fractional ownership company established in 2009 that operates 13 SR22s. In May 2022, California-based air taxi company Joby Aviation received Part 135 air service certification from the FAA to operate a fleet of SR22s, pending certification of its eVTOL aircraft. Australian pilot Ryan Campbell used an SR22 to become the youngest pilot to fly solo around the world (a title which he held for nearly
795-531: Is a development of the Cirrus SR20 , with a larger wing, higher fuel capacity and more powerful, 310-horsepower (231 kW) engine, and a 315 hp (235 kW) engine for the turbocharged version of the aircraft. In the general aviation (GA) industry, it became the first light aircraft with a full glass cockpit . The SR22 series has been the world's best-selling GA airplane every year since 2003. With 7,737 units delivered from 2001–23, and in combination with
848-472: Is an application of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) – air transportation systems that utilize advanced technologies such as vertical takeoffs, autonomous capabilities, or fully-electric systems – for short to mid range on-demand flights. Many AAM vehicles are designed for Short Takeoff and Landing ( STOL ) or Vertical Takeoff and Landings ( VTOL ); electric VTOL aircraft are also prominent, known as eVTOLs. Another noteworthy term for
901-553: Is created from ground transportation trips longer than 30 minutes. Because of these factors, areas with a high-density of wealthy individuals or businesses, such as New York or San Francisco , may offer a shorter path to profitability for air taxi services. San Francisco specifically is viewed as a possible early market for air taxis because of its large population of frequent, long-distance commuters. Some market studies assume autonomous operation of air taxis for their predictions, current FAA implementation plans for AAM constrains
954-401: Is powered by a nose-mounted 310 hp (231 kW) Continental IO-550-N piston engine. The four-seat cabin is accessed through doors on both sides of the fuselage. The SR-series remains the only production airplane in its class to include side stick flight controls that combine aspects of a traditional yoke handle (referred to in the industry as a "side yoke"). The Cirrus SR22, like
1007-469: The Cessna 400 (1.0), despite the SR22's full aircraft parachute system. By the end of 2013, the fatality rate had been reduced to 1.01 per 100,000 flight hours. This was attributed to better training, particularly in the use of the ballistic parachute system. The fatality rate continued to decrease in 2014, to .42 per 100,000 flight hours, one of the industry's lowest. This marked the fewest fatalities in
1060-621: The Royal Saudi Air Force acquired 25 SR22s in 2013, replacing Cessna 172s as primary trainers at the King Faisal Air Academy . In 2015 Emirates purchased 22 aircraft for training purposes. The Minnesota State Patrol uses a special missions "Cirrus Perception" SR22 for law enforcement operations, surveillance, search and rescue missions, and more. Between 2001 and May 2014, 147 U.S.-registered Cirrus SR22 aircraft crashed, killing 122 people. In 2011,
1113-612: The SR22T . This used a new engine, the Continental TSIO-550K , which produces 315 hp (235 kW) with a 7.5:1 compression ratio and can run on 94 octane fuel . SR22s and SR20s built before 2003 were equipped with traditional analog instruments and a 10" (later 12") Multi-function display (MFD). In February 2003, Cirrus began offering SR22s with the Avidyne Entegra primary flight display (PFD), making
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#17327931785281166-590: The Smithsonian Institution 's National Air and Space Museum , which opened in 2022. In January 2022, Cirrus announced speed and aesthetic improvements to the G6 SR-series, with a 9 knots (17 km/h) increased cruise speed, upgrades to the mobile IQ app, USB-A and USB-C charging ports and more. In January 2024, the company announced the SR22 G7 (Generation 7), with a major overhaul to
1219-655: The avionics and new navigation lighting . In September 2019, Cirrus unveiled the TRAC, a training-oriented version of the SR-series with a simplified interior, more durable seat material, backseat radio transmit switch to allow an observer to communicate with air traffic control , integrated engine indication and crew alerting/warning systems, and simulated retractable landing gear controls and position lights to allow cadets and instructors to feign landing gear operation and failures during instructional flights (the actual landing gear remains permanently fixed). In January 2020,
1272-493: The 2010s to the present day, there was the “reemergence” of catering to “on-demand aviation services” that focus on goods delivery and passenger mobility such as the ability of booking a helicopter through a smartphone. BLADE, SkyRyde, and UberCopter are just some examples of companies that are offering passenger mobility helicopter services. Additionally, NASA and the United States Air Force initiated
1325-515: The Board of Directors. John Staten has been named interim CEO with responsibility for managing the affairs of the company during the next phase of operations. Staten has served as DayJet CFO and Senior Vice President of Operations for the past six years. In November 2008, Iacobucci indicated that he was still attempting to raise capital to restart the company and that it would be a smaller, scaled back operation. He also stated at that time that there were
1378-483: The Cirrus SR22 "is the most sophisticated single-engine civilian airplane ever built and by a long shot." In 2013, the manufacturer introduced the SR22 G5 (Generation 5) (there was no G4). Key changes were an increase in gross weight to 3,600 lb (1,633 kg) and a standard five-seat cabin arrangement. The G5 received only minor changes for 2014, including integrated LED lighting and Beringer brakes. In 2014,
1431-410: The Eclipse 500, and was expected to place 70 more by 2010. The first delivery of three Eclipse 500 aircraft took place on March 31, 2007. On 6 May 2008, DayJet announced a scaling back of its operations and the laying off of 100–160 employees in all segments of the company. The company also sold or leased out 16 of the 28 Eclipse 500s it owned. DayJet founder and CEO Ed Iacobucci indicated that
1484-549: The Eclipse 500s for less than US$ 449,000. OurPlane did not complete the purchase of the DayJet fleet and the aircraft became the property of Eclipse Aerospace , the new company that purchased the assets of Eclipse Aviation from Chapter 7 bankruptcy in August 2009. Eclipse Aerospace indicated that they intend to upgrade and sell the aircraft. At the time of DayJet's bankruptcy, a group of investors took control of DayJet Technologies,
1537-659: The German consultancy Roland Berger , have predicted about 3,000 flying taxis will be in operation by 2025 with as many as 98,000 by 2050. In addition, Joby Aviation plans to be in operation in New York by 2025. They plan to offer electric air taxi transport from JFK airport to downtown Manhattan . Joby Aviation also plans to offer booking on demand, similar to rideshare apps. Furthermore, in 2025, Joby and Delta airlines hope to launch eVTOL flights in New York and Los Angeles. Additionally, United and Archer Aviation plan to do
1590-548: The SR20, a total of 9,548, it is the most-produced GA aircraft of the 21st century, and is the single most-produced GA aircraft made from composite material, accounting for nearly 50% of the entire piston aircraft market. The Cirrus SR22 has a whole-plane emergency recovery parachute system: the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS). This has contributed to its market success and has given it
1643-561: The SR20, is equipped with the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS), which can lower the entire aircraft to the ground relatively gently in an emergency. In 2004, the company introduced the SR22 G2 (Generation 2), and in 2007 the SR22 G3 (Generation 3). Both were defined by airframe modifications, G2 by fuselage, and G3 by modified wing and landing gear. In a 2012 Flying magazine review, then editor-in-chief Robert Goyer wrote that
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1696-519: The SR22 and SR22T had been the best-selling four- to five-seat fixed-wing aircraft in the world for 12 years in a row. In 2016, Cirrus introduced improvements to the SR Series, including Bluetooth wireless connectivity, remote keyless entry , a convenience lighting system, and an easy-access door latch. In 2017, the company introduced the SR22 G6 (Generation 6), with several major upgrades to
1749-647: The SR22 introduced the Cirrus Perspective Touch+ flight deck, the "first-ever piston aircraft to incorporate dual Garmin Touch Controllers”, including taxiway routing and a contextualized 3D taxi guide, improved flight envelope protection, a 35% larger MFD and PFD, a calibrated airspeed -linked checklist scroll wheel, and other upgrades to the instrument panel. Cirrus completed testing for flight into known icing conditions (FIKI) on 12 January 2009. The equipment change involved installing
1802-721: The accident record of the SR20/SR22 was examined by Aviation Consumer magazine. It found that the series' overall accident record is better than average for light aircraft, exceeded only by the Diamond DA40 and DA42 . However, its fatal accident rate is worse, at 1.6 per 100,000 flight hours—which places it higher than the United States general aviation rate of 1.2, and higher than the Diamond DA40 (0.35), Cessna 172 (0.45), Diamond DA42 (0.54), Cessna 182 (0.69), and
1855-643: The air carrier announced on 21 May 2008 that they were expanding their service by making two more destinations in Florida , Jacksonville and Sarasota , into hub airports DayJet designates as "DayPorts". In July 2008, both Saint Petersburg/Clearwater and Orlando, Florida were added as hub DayPorts. The company announced the following news on 19 September 2008: DayJet Services, LLC, the world’s first operator of “Per-Seat, On-Demand” jet service, today announced that it has ceased jet services, pending further notice. The company today eliminated most employee positions. With
1908-426: The air taxi market is Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which is a sub-category of AAM focused on applications in urban settings. Air taxi designs vary to accommodate various numbers of passengers. NASA has proposed various designs that could accommodate various numbers of passengers such as: single, six, and fifteen passenger air taxi aircraft. NASA has analyzed three possible options of vehicle design to outweigh
1961-400: The company introduced a new mobile app for the SR Series, called "Cirrus IQ", which enables remote aircraft communication including access to pre-flight status information like fuel and oxygen levels, battery voltage, oil temperature, aircraft location and flight hours. In October 2020, it was revealed that a 2003 SR22 would be displayed in the new general aviation exhibition "We All Fly" in
2014-413: The company needed an investment of US$ 40M at that time to reach profitability, but that the economic climate did not permit the company to raise that amount. Iacobucci stated that the company had proven that the per seat time sensitive pricing air taxi operational concept is sound, but that the carrier's fleet needed to be quickly expanded to fifty aircraft to reach profitability. Despite cutting its fleet,
2067-475: The current proposed plan is to use the top decks of parking structures and current existing helipads to create multiple skyports for the future. EVTOL developer TCab Tech raised 20 million dollars in its first round of funding. The company has received more than 200 provisional orders for its E20 model, in which Chinese media has reported that the E20 ; will COST $ 970,000 per unit. Other companies, such as
2120-408: The development of air taxis. Development of designs are used for different purposes in based on the following criteria For the most part, air taxis will be designed to be electrical and function as helicopters. Many companies such as Joby Aviation have partnered with the military to learn and redesign operations of the aircraft. Joby's partnership with the military allows for various testing within
2173-478: The discontinuation of jet services and cancellation of all flights, DayJet is unable to honor any customer reservations. The company indicated that given the current economic climate in the USA it is unlikely that flying operations will be resumed. The company also announced a change in management on 19 September 2008, stating: Iacobucci has stepped down as DayJet President and CEO but continues to serve as Chairman of
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2226-399: The infrastructure for highly prevalent vertistops, areas that can support vertical landings and takeoffs based on consumer demand rather than predetermined routes, which may be a barrier for profitable implementation by 2030. Moreover, market studies point to infrastructure as among the most significant constraints for the air taxi market. It is also predicted that 98% of demand for air taxis
2279-449: The interior and avionics, making it more comparable to the cockpit of a Cirrus Vision Jet , as well as safety and engine-start improvements and an automatic fuel selection system. Cirrus introduced the SR22 Turbo in 2006, with a Tornado Alley turbonormalizing upgrade kit that is factory installed under a Supplemental Type Certificate . It included twin turbonormalizers and twin intercoolers . The conversion includes built-in oxygen and
2332-639: The military environment, such as transportation of cargo, medical evacuations, etc. Air taxis can be used for both commercial and private use to improve air mobility. The purpose will determine designs and technology, in which for the most part commercial use is predicted to be created as autonomous aircraft. One market analysis estimated early market demand for airport shuttles (AAMs along set routes to, from, and between airports) and air taxis to be 55,000 daily trips and 82,000 daily passengers – an annual value of US$ 2.5 billion. Facilitating an on-demand air taxi market similar to current ride-hailing services requires
2385-548: The most optimal model for missions, in which they compare mathematical statistics for a hybrid, turboshaft, and electrical aircraft models. Whereas for more of a single path commercial use the European Union Aviation Safety Agency propose that electrical aircraft will be the main source of power for air taxis, to ensure that air taxis are being designed with the new electronical technology. Various designs have been considered when it comes to
2438-403: The nickname "the plane with the parachute". The SR22, certified in November 2000, is a more powerful version of the earlier SR20 . Production of the aircraft started in 2001. The SR22 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane of composite construction, featuring fixed (non-retractable) tricycle landing gear with a castering nose wheel and steering via differential braking on the main wheels. It
2491-422: The plane the first of its kind to come with a glass cockpit . Later that year, this instrumentation became standard equipment on all SR-series aircraft and sparked a major transition in general aviation , whereby over 90% of all new light aircraft by the year 2006 were equipped with glass cockpits. Retrofits are available for the older SR aircraft that replace the analog instrument panels with one that includes
2544-405: The sale of the existing 28 DayJet aircraft. Canadian light aircraft fractional aircraft company OurPlane bid on the entire DayJet fleet of aircraft, offering more than "$ 500,000 each but less than $ 1.5 million" each. OurPlane operated a fleet of Cirrus SR22 aircraft and one current Eclipse 500 until its bankruptcy in October 2010. OurPlane had planned to offer its customers one-quarter shares in
2597-468: The same in Chicago. This shift towards urban air mobility is supported by Delta Airlines statistics that is estimating about 1,000 people a day would choose eVTOLS instead of automobiles to travel to and from the airport. Cirrus SR22 The Cirrus SR22 is a single-engine four- or five-seat composite aircraft built since 2001 by Cirrus Aircraft of Duluth, Minnesota , United States. It
2650-568: The scope of AAMs to aircraft operated with a pilot on board. Air taxi and air charter operations are governed by 14 CFR Part 135 and 14 CFR part 298 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR). In July 2023, the FAA released Version 1.0 of the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Implementation Plan, describing short-term implementation goals for AAM. These goals are centered around Innovate28, aka I28 –
2703-600: The technology subsidiary, and are operating it as a private technology company. Air taxi The concept of air taxis existed as early as the 1910s. This concept goes back as early as 1917 with Glenn Curtiss ’ prototype, the auto-plane. Furthermore, during the 1920s to the late 1950s, various inventors created their own prototypes. Such inventors included Henry Ford , Waldo Waterman , and Moulton “Molt” Taylor. However, each of these projects faced challenges which included crashes, lack of funding, or technical difficulties. After all this experimentation and challenges faced,
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#17327931785282756-479: The urban air mobility industry had shifted focus on “improving safety and enhancing economic and operational efficiency of vertical flight". The next phase from the 1950s to the late 1980s included urban air mobility services through the use of helicopters within major cities such as Los Angeles , San Francisco , and New York ; however, the challenges of fuel costs and safety have made it difficult to commercialize using helicopters for urban air mobility . During
2809-471: Was introduced in 2017, with a faster processing speed, animated datalink weather, payload management, visual approach capabilities, wireless database uploads, glass back-up instruments, and more. In 2020, the Perspective-Plus flight deck included a new stabilized approach advisory system that provides alerts to the pilot of unstable conditions during approach. In 2024, the seventh generation of
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