Fertile Crescent :
27-519: Dayalpura is a village in the Didwana Tehsil of Didwana-Kuchaman , Rajasthan, India. It falls under the Didwana development block and is 18 km away from the Didwana which is the nearest town to Dayalpura. The village is administrated by a sarpanch , who is an elected representative of the village. Dayalpura is the seat of local village panchayat government. According to the 2011 census,
54-677: A district. The people of Didwana speak the Rajasthani language Marwadi , a dialect in the Indo-Aryan language family, which is similar to Hindi . Most beautiful village of Didwana-kuchaman district is Jaitpura village which is known for its development and harmony among the people And there active participation in government campaigns. Didwana is located at 27°24′N 74°34′E / 27.4°N 74.57°E / 27.4; 74.57 . It has an average elevation of 336 metres (1102 feet). City divided in 40 Wards. It
81-458: Is 476,404 Literate people are 226,426 out of 139,916 are male and 86,510 are female. Total workers are 155,998 depends on multi skills out of which 97,012 are men and 58,986 are women. Total 43,918 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 29,277 are cultivated by men and 14,641 are women. 9,932 people works in agricultural land as a labour in Didwana, men are 7,430 and 2,502 are women. Didwana has an average literacy rate of 62%, more than
108-494: Is an important station of Jodhpur-Delhi Broad gauge rail route of North West Railway Jodhpur division. As of 2011 India census , Didwana is Tehsil in Rajasthan state, As per the 2021 Aadhar estimates, Didwana Tehsil population in 2021 is 492,284. According to 2011 census of India, Total Didwana population is 397,003 people are living in this Tehsil, of which 202,303 are male and 194,700 are female. Population of Didwana in 2020
135-645: Is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe , Africa and Asia . The term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle Paleolithic in African archeology. The Middle Paleolithic broadly spanned from 300,000 to 50,000 years ago. There are considerable dating differences between regions. The Middle Paleolithic was succeeded by
162-742: The Upper Paleolithic subdivision which first began between 50,000 and 40,000 years ago. Pettit and White date the Early Middle Paleolithic in Great Britain to about 325,000 to 180,000 years ago (late Marine Isotope Stage 9 to late Marine Isotope Stage 7), and the Late Middle Paleolithic as about 60,000 to 35,000 years ago. The Middle Paleolithic was in the geological Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene ) and Late Pleistocene ages. According to
189-516: The ǃKung and Mbuti peoples . Both Neanderthal and modern human societies took care of the elderly members of their societies during the Middle Paleolithic. Christopher Boehm (1999) has hypothesized that egalitarianism may have arisen in Middle Paleolithic societies because of a need to distribute resources such as food and meat equally to avoid famine and ensure a stable food supply. It has usually been assumed that women gathered plants and firewood and men hunted and scavenged dead animals through
216-909: The Middle Stone Age inhabitants of the region now occupied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo hunted large 1.8-metre (6 ft) long catfish with specialized barbed fishing points as early as 90,000 years ago, and Neandertals and Middle Paleolithic Homo sapiens in Africa began to catch shellfish for food as revealed by shellfish cooking in Neanderthal sites in Italy about 110,000 years ago and Middle Paleolithic Homo sapiens sites at Pinnacle Point , in Africa. Anthropologists such as Tim D. White suggest that cannibalism
243-571: The Moula rock shelter in France – may imply that Neanderthals, like some contemporary human cultures, may have practiced excarnation for presumably religious reasons (see Neanderthal behavior § Cannibalism or ritual defleshing? ). The earliest undisputed evidence of artistic expression during the Paleolithic period comes from Middle Paleolithic/ Middle Stone Age sites such as Blombos Cave in
270-487: The Neanderthals hunted large game animals mostly by ambushing them and attacking them with mêlée weapons such as thrusting spears rather than attacking them from a distance with projectile weapons. An ongoing controversy about the nature of Middle Paleolithic tools is whether there were a series of functionally specific and preconceived tool forms or whether there was a simple continuum of tool morphology that reflect
297-604: The Paleolithic. However, Steven L. Kuhn and Mary Stiner from the University of Arizona suggest that this sex-based division of labor did not exist prior to the Upper Paleolithic . The sexual division of labor may have evolved after 45,000 years ago to allow humans to acquire food and other resources more efficiently. Although gathering and hunting comprised most of the food supply during the Middle Paleolithic, people began to supplement their diet with seafood and began smoking and drying meat to preserve and store it. For instance
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#1732800811350324-493: The Upper Paleolithic. Nonetheless it remains possible that Middle Paleolithic societies never practiced cannibalism and that the damage to recovered human bones was either the result of excarnation or predation by carnivores such as saber-toothed cats , lions and hyenas . Around 200,000 BP Middle Paleolithic Stone tool manufacturing spawned a tool-making technique known as the prepared-core technique , that
351-473: The bodies were buried for secular reasons. According to recent archeological findings from Homo heidelbergensis sites in the Atapuerca Mountains , the practice of intentional burial may have begun much earlier during the late Lower Paleolithic , but this theory is widely questioned in the scientific community. Cut-marks on Neandertal bones from various sites – such as Combe Grenal and
378-496: The collections. Statistical analyses, diagrams, factor assessments, and cluster analyses indicate a technological evolution within the assemblages, helping to establish the chronology of the sites. In comparison to other known Indian sites, these handaxes may align with cultural stages ranging from early Acheulian to very late Acheulian or even early Middle Paleolithic . Middle Paleolithic Europe : Africa : Siberia : The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic )
405-525: The earliest composite tools, by hafting sharp, pointy stone flakes onto wooden shafts. Paleolithic groups such as the Neanderthals who possessed a Middle Paleolithic level of technology appear to have hunted large game just as well as Upper Paleolithic modern humans and the Neanderthals in particular may have likewise hunted with projectile weapons. Nonetheless Neanderthal usage of projectile weapons in hunting occurred very rarely (or perhaps never) and
432-401: The extent of edge maintenance, as Harold L. Dibble has suggested. The use of fire became widespread for the first time in human prehistory during the Middle Paleolithic, and humans began to cook their food c. 250,000 years ago. Some scientists have hypothesized that hominids began cooking food to defrost frozen meat which would help ensure their survival in cold regions. Robert K. Wayne ,
459-607: The following Upper Paleolithic period. Middle Paleolithic burials at sites such as Krapina in Croatia (dated to c. 130,000 BP) and the Qafzeh and Es Skhul caves in Israel ( c. 100,000 BP) have led some anthropologists and archeologists (such as Philip Lieberman ) to believe that Middle Paleolithic cultures may have possessed a developing religious ideology which included concepts such as an afterlife ; other scholars suggest
486-836: The form of bracelets, beads, art rock, ochre used as body paint and perhaps in ritual, though earlier examples of artistic expression such as the Venus of Tan-Tan and the patterns found on elephant bones from Bilzingsleben in Thuringia may have been produced by Acheulean tool-users such as Homo erectus prior to the start of the Middle Paleolithic period. Activities such as catching large fish and hunting large game animals with specialized tools indicate increased group-wide cooperation and more elaborate social organization. In addition to developing advanced cultural traits, humans also first began to take part in long-distance trade between groups for rare commodities (such as ochre (which
513-463: The national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 54%. In Didwana, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. In India, specifically in the Didwana region of Rajasthan , hand axes resembling those found in the Shiwalik Range have been discovered, dating back around 400,000 years. Analysis of the desert soil layers and other evidence has uncovered a link between
540-502: The population of village Dayalpura was 3,363, of which 1,755 are males and 1,608 are females. As per the census 2011 report, 2033 people are literate in Dayalpura out of which 1269 are males and 764 are females. Dayalpura has the following educational facilities: For higher education, students depend on nearby cities such as Didwana, Shahpura, Sikar, etc. Dayalpura has one Primary Healthcare Center and one Ayurvedic Health Center. For
567-711: The prevailing climates and the technological progressions observed in the Paleolithic period . Didwana has preserved lower Paleolithic artifacts in both primary and semi-primary contexts. Through geological stratigraphy of aeolian and playa sediments, handaxes found in stratified contexts have been dated to the Middle Pleistocene. To understand the technological evolution of the Acheulian culture in this area, 301 handaxes from 10 locations were studied using Roe's methodology, supplemented with additional attributes. Variations in size, shape, and refinement were noted among
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#1732800811350594-413: The temporary district headquarters for Didwana-Kuchaman district (Inaugurated on 7 August 2023 as 38th district of state) of Rajasthan , India . Known as the lion gateway of Marwar and the archway of Merta , it is mentioned in puranic texts as Abhanagri and Upakashi, and is situated on the northern side of Didwana Salt lake. It was administered as a tehsil of Nagaur district before being notified as
621-566: The theory of the recent African origin of modern humans , anatomically modern humans began migrating out of Africa during the Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic around 125,000 years ago and began to replace earlier pre-existent Homo species such as the Neanderthals and Homo erectus . The earliest evidence of behavioral modernity first appears during the Middle Paleolithic; undisputed evidence of behavioral modernity, however, only becomes common during
648-482: The treatment of severe disease, residents rely on hospitals in larger cities as there are no specialist doctors or advanced medical facilities available in the village. According to a census 2011 report, 1503 people of the total population are employed. Out of that, 902 are male, and 601 are female, with 35.73% (537) of all workers being employed full-time. Residents of Dayalpura also migrate to nearby cities for seasonal employment. Didwana Didwana serves as
675-525: Was common in human societies prior to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, based on the large amount of "butchered human" bones found in Neandertal and other Middle Paleolithic sites. Cannibalism in the Middle Paleolithic may have occurred because of food shortages. However it is also possible that Middle Paleolithic cannibalism occurred for religious reasons which would coincide with the development of religious practices thought to have occurred during
702-505: Was more elaborate than previous Acheulean techniques. Wallace and Shea split the core artifacts into two different types: formal cores and expedient cores. Formal cores are designed to extract the maximum amount from the raw material while expedient cores are based more upon functional need. This method increased efficiency by permitting the creation of more controlled and consistent flakes. This method allowed Middle Paleolithic humans correspondingly to create stone-tipped spears, which were
729-640: Was often used for religious purposes such as ritual )) and raw materials during the Middle Paleolithic as early as 120,000 years ago. Inter-group trade may have appeared during the Middle Paleolithic because trade between bands would have helped ensure their survival by allowing them to exchange resources and commodities such as raw materials during times of relative scarcity (i.e., famine or drought). Evidence from archeology and comparative ethnography indicates that Middle Paleolithic people lived in small, egalitarian band societies similar to those of Upper Paleolithic societies and some modern hunter-gatherers such as
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