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26-665: Dafdar means "door" or "gateway" in the Sarikoli language , spoken by Chinese Tajiks . The area has been used for grazing by various pastoral people in the region for centuries. During the Qing dynasty , the Chinese claimed suzerainty over the area but permitted the Mir of Hunza to administer the region in return for a tribute . According to British colonial sources, this arrangement started during early Ayosh dynasty of Mir of Hunza , as

52-664: A cold desert climate ( Köppen BWk ), influenced by the high elevation, with long, very cold winters, and warm summers. Monthly daily average temperatures range from −11.9 °C (10.6 °F) in January to 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 3.58 °C (38.4 °F). An average of only 68 millimetres (2.68 in) of precipitation falls per year The county administers 2 towns , 9 townships and 1 ethnic township , which then administer 50 village-level divisions . Notes As of 2018, Tashkurgan County had

78-596: A population of 40,999, up slightly from the 40,381 reported in 2015, and the 37,843 counted in the 2010 Chinese census . Mountain Tajiks make up a supermajority of the county's population, with recent figures indicating they make up somewhere from 80.9% of the population, to 82.24%. Other prominent ethnic groups include the Han Chinese, the Kyrgyz, and Uyghurs. In 1999, 6.28% of the population of Tashkurgan County

104-801: Is around 35,000; most reside in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in Southern Xinjiang Province , China . The Chinese name for the Sarikoli language, as well as the usage of Sarikol as a toponym , is Sàléikuòlèyǔ ( 萨雷阔勒语 ). Speakers in China typically use Chinese and Uyghur to communicate with people of other ethnic groups in the area. The rest are found in parts of the Pakistani-administered Kashmir , closely touching

130-590: Is located in the eastern part of the Pamir Plateau, where the Kunlun , Karakoram , Hindukush and Tian Shan mountains come together, at the borders with Afghanistan ( Wakhan Corridor ), Tajikistan ( Gorno-Badakhshan Province ), Pakistan ( Gilgit-Baltistan ) and India ( Ladakh ). The county seat is Tashkurgan Town . The territorial expanse of the county is 178 kilometres (111 mi) from north to south and 140 kilometres (87 mi) from east to west,

156-581: The Badakshan regions of Tajikistan and Afghanistan , whereas Persian is a Western Iranian language and the official language of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, having historically been the most dominant Iranian language. It is also referred to as Tashkorghani, after the ancient capital of the Sarikoli kingdom —now the Tashkurgan (or Taxkorgan) Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China. However,

182-829: The Han dynasty , the town of Tashkurgan was known as Puli (Chinese: 蒲犁 ; pinyin: Púlí ); during the Tang dynasty , it was a protectorate of the Sassanids , during the Yuan dynasty it was part of the Chaghatai empire . It was part of China during the Qing dynasty . Many centuries later, Tashkurgan became the capital of the Sarikol kingdom ( 色勒库尔 ), a kingdom of the Pamir Mountains , and later of Qiepantuo ( 朅盘陀 ) under

208-696: The Kongur Tagh , at 7,719 metres (25,325 ft), are the main peaks in the county, while the two main rivers are the Tashkurgan River and the Tiznap River . By including the Trans-Karakoram Tract, the county also borders several eight-thousanders , including K2 , at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) the second-highest mountain in the world. There are several hot springs and resources of gold, iron, and copper. Tashkurgan has

234-651: The Persian Empire . At the northeast corner of the town is a huge fortress known as the Princess Castle dating from the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368 CE) and the subject of many colourful local legends. A ruined fire temple is near the fortress. The region came under Chinese rule from Qing dynasty , to the Republic of China and later on to the People's Republic of China . On September 17, 1954, Tashkurgan

260-525: The medium of instruction . In recent years, Sarikoli speakers in China have used Uyghur Arabic alphabet to spell out their language. In 1958, linguist Gao Erqiang studied Sarikoli in collaboration with Tajik linguists, using 37 symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of the language. In the 1996 Sarikoli–Han dictionary, Gao uses an alphabet of 26 letters and 8 digraphs based on Pinyin . In

286-492: The "Tajik language", although it is different from the related Iranian language spoken in Tajikistan , which is a dialect of Persian. Sarikoli is officially referred to as "Tajik" ( Chinese : 塔吉克语 , Tǎjíkèyǔ ) in China. However, it is distantly related to Tajik (a form of Persian) as spoken in Tajikistan because Sarikoli is an Eastern Iranian language , closely related to other Pamir languages largely spoken in

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312-504: The Mir conquered the Kirghiz nomads of Taghdumbash Pamir. The Mir erected a cairn in the village to evidence his control. The tribute system continued up until 1937. In the 1875, British explorers recorded that Dafdar did not have a permanent settlement, but that it was used a caravan camp on the route between Tashkurgan and Hunza Valley . In the early 1900s, a group of Wakhi settled here with

338-582: The Pakistan-Chinese international borders in the north east. The language has no official written form. Linguist Gao Erqiang, publishing in China, used IPA to transcribe the sounds of Sarikoli in his book and dictionary, while Tatiana N. Pakhalina, publishing in Russia, used an alphabet similar to that of the Wakhi language in hers. The majority of Sarikoli-speakers attend schools using Uyghur as

364-406: The Sarikoli latin alphabet version by linguist Tatiana N. Pakhalina, the sounds are represented by these letters: Sarikoli vowel ɔ / o is an allophone with Uyghur vowel a . Sarikoli vowel a is an allophone with Uyghur vowel æ . Sarikoli vowels have undergone the same chain shift as Tajik , Uzbek , and other Central Asian Pamir languages . The vowel chain shift looks like

390-479: The closely related Shughni that are not found in other Eastern Iranian languages like Wakhi, Pashto or Avestan. The following text is a paragraph from Gao Erqiang's "Tajik-Chinese Dictionary" (1996), talking about the significance of the development of a writing system for the language of Tajiks of Xinjiang, both in Chinese and Sarikoli. The Sarikoli text is written in the "Pinyin" developed by Gao Erqiang for use in

416-651: The consent of the Chinese authority. In March 1950, Dafdar Township was established. In 1959, Dafdar Township became a commune . In 1966, Dafdar Commune was renamed Xianfeng Commune ('pioneer commune', 先锋 公社 ). In 1975 in the closing days of the Cultural Revolution , the original name was restored. In February 1985, Dafdar Commune was made a township. Emerald deposits were discovered in Dafdar in 2003. These emeralds show similar chemical fingerprints to Afghan emeralds from Panjshir Valley . K2 ,

442-463: The county was considered relatively poor. 90% of the residents were engaged in animal husbandry. The annual per capita disposable income 2018 totaled ¥29,053 for the county's urban residents, and ¥7,630 for the county's rural residents. These figures increased 6.7% and 10.2%, respectively, from 2017. In 2019, the county government reported that the county has 17 impoverished villages , and 893 households with 3682 people in poverty. The county

468-442: The dictionary. Below, the text is also transcribed in an equivalent Persian alphabet. Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County (often shortened to Tashkurgan County and officially spelled Taxkorgan ) is an autonomous county of Kashgar Prefecture , in western Xinjiang , China . The county seat is Tashkurgan . The county is the only Tajik (Pamiri) autonomous county in China. During

494-944: The following: Sarikoli vowels as used in Russian works (IPA values in brackets): a [a], e [e], ɛy [ɛi̯] (dialectal æy or ay [æi̯ / ai̯]), ɛw [ɛu̯] (dialectal æw or aw [æu̯ /au̯]), ə [ə], i [i], o [o / ɔ], u [u], ы [ɯ] (dialectal ů [ʊ]). In some dialects also long variants of those vowels can appear: ā , ē , ī , ō , ū , ы̄ , ǝ̄ . (citation?) Sarikoli has 30 consonants: Sarikoli consonants according to Russian Iranologist transcription (IPA values in slashes): p /p/ , b /b/ , t /t/ , d /d/ , k /k ~ c/ , g /ɡ ~ ɟ/ , q /q/ , c /ts/ , ʒ /dz/ , č /tɕ/ , ǰ /dʑ/ , s /s/ , z /z/ , x̌ /x/ , γ̌ /ɣ/ , f /f/ , v /v/ , θ /θ/ , δ /ð/ , x /χ/ , γ /ʁ/ , š /ɕ/ , ž /ʑ/ , h /h/ , w /w/ , y /j/ , m /m/ , n /n, ŋ/ , l /l/ , r /r/ Most words receive stress on

520-404: The last syllable; however, a minority receive stress on their first syllable. Also, several noun declensions and verb inflections regularly place stress on their first syllable, including the imperative and interrogative . Although to a large extent the Sarikoli lexicon is quite close to those of other Eastern Iranian languages, there are a large number are words unique to Sarikoli and

546-609: The population was Kyrgyz . It is inhabited by Wakhis . As of the 2000s, there was one mosque in the township and twelve religious professionals. Sarikoli language The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli , Selekur , Sarikul , Sariqul , Sariköli ) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by the Pamiris of Xinjiang , China. It is officially referred to in China as

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572-616: The second highest mountain on Earth, is located in the Trans-Karakoram Tract on the China-Pakistan border in Dafdar. Dafdar village lies at an altitude of 3,400 m above sea level, just to the east of the Karakoram Highway . As of 2019, the township included five villages ( Mandarin Chinese pinyin -derived names ): In 1997, 89.6% of the population of the township was Chinese Tajik and 10.3% of

598-468: The total area is about 25,000 square kilometres (9,700 sq mi), with an average altitude above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). The county includes a significant part of the Trans-Karakoram Tract , disputed by India and Pakistan in the ongoing Kashmir conflict ; while Pakistan and China settled the border issue in 1963, India continues to claim it as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir . The Muztagh Ata , at 7,546 metres (24,757 ft), and

624-525: The usage of the term Tashkorghani is not widespread among scholars. The earliest written accounts in English are from the 1870s which generally use the name "Sarikoli" to refer to the language, but some written accounts since that time may use a different pronunciation derived from transcribing Chinese phonetics of the term into English as "Selekur(i)". Modern Chinese researchers often mention Sarikoli and Tajik names in their papers. The number of speakers

650-527: Was Han Chinese and 5.08% of the population was Uyghur. In 1995, the total population of Tashkurgan was 27,800, among them 84% Tajiks of Xinjiang , who speak the Sarikoli language , 4% Han and 12% other nationalities. Animal husbandry is the primary economic mode with agriculture. The well-known Dunbashi fat-tailed sheep ( 敦巴什大尾羊 ) are raised in the county as well as domestic yaks . Agricultural products include highland barley , wheat, and others. Mineral resources include iron, sulfur, and asbestos. In 2011,

676-591: Was made an autonomous region ( Chinese : 自治区 ). In February 1955, it was made an autonomous county ( Chinese : 自治县 ). In 1955, Bulungkol was transferred to Akto County from Tashkurgan County. In August 2013, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences announced that they excavated a cluster of Zoroastrian tombs in Tashkurgan. In May 2017, the county was hit with a magnitude 5.5 earthquake that killed eight and injured 29. Tashkurgan County

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