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82-708: In 1939, dairy owner James "J.J." Lawson started a store at his Broad Boulevard dairy plant in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio , to sell his milk. The Lawson's Milk Company grew into a chain of stores, primarily in Ohio. Lawson was bought out by Consolidated Foods in 1959. Lawson's neighborhood convenience stores were common in Ohio from the 1960s through the mid-1980s, selling milk, bread, eggs, orange juice, and specialty items such as deli counter "chipped" style ham and sour cream potato chip dips. Locations also extended into neighboring states such as Pennsylvania , where Lawson's had

164-643: A cottage industry . The animals might serve multiple purposes (for example, as a draught animal for pulling a plow as a youngster, and at the end of its useful life as meat). In this case, the animals were normally milked by hand and the herd size was quite small, so that all of the animals could be milked in less than an hour—about 10 per milker. These tasks were performed by a dairymaid ( dairywoman ) or dairyman . The word dairy harkens back to Middle English dayerie , deyerie , from deye (female servant or dairymaid) and further back to Old English dæge (kneader of bread). With industrialisation and urbanisation,

246-522: A dairy can also be a place that processes, distributes and sells dairy products, or a room, building or establishment where milk is stored and processed into milk products, such as butter or cheese. In New Zealand English the singular use of the word dairy almost exclusively refers to a corner shop, or superette . This usage is historical as such shops were a common place for the public to buy milk products. Milk producing animals have been domesticated for thousands of years. Initially, they were part of

328-457: A Canada-based convenience store conglomerate, bought the assets and name of Dairy Mart. Most of the former Dairy Mart stores, which were either originally Lawson's stores, or were located in communities in which Lawson's once had a presence, were converted to the Circle K brand. Due to demand from consumers, it was announced that Lawson's Chip Dip would continue to be sold no matter what the name of

410-496: A Lawson-sponsored Power Cube was introduced into the online game Ingress . DDM and Kadokawa's Kantai Collection also tapped Lawson in limited promotional materials, featuring character representations of shipgirls such as Kashima in Lawson crew outfits, whose popularity persisted long after the promo. To date, Lawson operates over 11,384 stores. They are found in all 47 prefectures of Japan , as well as China, Indonesia, Thailand,

492-441: A Singapore branch for game development such as Sangokushi Online . Koei's Ruby Party division specializes on games labeled as Neoromance: GxB dating sims, usually with extra side-quests. Out of the three Neoromance series, the best known is Angelique , which has been in production since 1994. Harukanaru Toki no Naka de is a newer Neoromance hit, with many sequels and an anime television series based on it. The newest game in

574-422: A combination of airflow and mechanical pump to a central storage vat or bulk tank . Milk is refrigerated on the farm in most countries either by passing through a heat-exchanger or in the bulk tank, or both. The photo to the right shows a bucket milking system with the stainless steel bucket visible on the far side of the cow. The two rigid stainless steel teatcup shells applied to the front two quarters of

656-427: A common organisation of the markets in agricultural products and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No 922/72, (EEC) No 234/79, (EC) No 1037/2001 and (EC) No 1234/2007 , which permits member states to create a requirement for the supply of milk from a farmer to a raw milk processor to be backed by a written contract, or to ensure that the first purchaser of milk to make a written offer to the farmer, although in this case

738-472: A hit, helping Koei become a major software company. In March the same year Koei released Underground Exploration , the earliest known Japanese RPG . In 1983 it released Nobunaga's Ambition ( 信長の野望 , Nobunaga no Yabō ) , a historical strategy game set during the Sengoku period of Japanese history . The game went on to receive numerous awards, and Koei produced several more such games set against

820-512: A major source of income growth for many farmers. As in many other branches of the food industry, dairy processing in the major dairy producing countries has become increasingly concentrated, with fewer but larger and more efficient plants operated by fewer workers. This is notably the case in the United States, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In 2009, charges of antitrust violations have been made against major dairy industry players in

902-464: A presence in the western portion of the state , including Pittsburgh . Consolidated Foods was renamed Sara Lee in 1985. At about the same time, Lawson's stores in the United States were sold to Dairy Mart, a smaller chain of convenience stores located in Enfield, Connecticut . Dairy Mart moved its headquarters to Cuyahoga Falls, renamed the Lawson's stores, and operated the chain as Dairy Mart for

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984-408: A range of traditional milk-based products are produced commercially. Originally, milking and processing took place on the dairy farm itself. Later, cream was separated from the milk by machine on the farm, and transported to a factory to be made into butter. The skim milk was fed to pigs. This allowed for the high cost of transport (taking the smallest volume high-value product), primitive trucks and

1066-415: A rigid outer shell (stainless steel or plastic) that holds a soft inner liner or inflation . Transparent sections in the shell may allow viewing of liner collapse and milk flow. The annular space between the shell and liner is called the pulse chamber. Milking machines work in a way that is different from hand milking or calf suckling. Continuous vacuum is applied inside the soft liner to massage milk from

1148-551: A skilled worker. But having cows standing about in the yard and shed waiting to be milked is not good for the cow, as she needs as much time in the paddock grazing as is possible. It is usual to restrict the twice-daily milking to a maximum of an hour and a half each time. It makes no difference whether one milks 10 or 1000 cows, the milking time should not exceed a total of about three hours each day for any cow as they should be in stalls and laying down as long as possible to increase comfort which will in turn aid in milk production. A cow

1230-530: A small presence in Western Pennsylvania today, but unlike Ohio is a non-factor in the area going up against Sheetz, 7-Eleven/Speedway, GetGo , and locally owned Coen Markets. In 1974, Consolidated signed a formal agreement with The Daiei, Inc. , a retail company which also ran a supermarket chain, to open the first Lawson stores in Japan. On April 15, 1975, Daiei Lawson Co., Ltd. was established as

1312-787: A wholly owned subsidiary of Daiei. The first store opened in Sakurazuka, Toyonaka , Osaka Prefecture , in June 1975. In September 1979 the official name was changed to Lawson Japan, Inc. The Mitsubishi Corporation became the main shareholder in 2001. Lawson is one of the biggest convenience store chains in Japan, following 7-Eleven and FamilyMart . All of the usual Japanese convenience store goods, such as magazines , video games , manga , soft drinks , onigiri , pastry roulette and bento are available. Lawson has occasionally collaborated on tie-ins with various companies, including Koei 's PlayStation 3 game Dynasty Warriors 7 . In celebration of

1394-427: A wide range of cheeses can be made using the bacteria found naturally in the milk. In most other countries, the range of cheeses is smaller and the use of artificial cheese curing is greater. Whey is also the byproduct of this process. Some people with lactose intolerance are able to eat certain types of cheese. This is because some traditionally made hard cheeses, and soft ripened cheeses may create less reaction than

1476-514: A year, until she is culled because of declining production, infertility or other health problems. Then the cow will be sold, most often going to slaughter. Dairy plants process the raw milk they receive from farmers so as to extend its marketable life. Two main types of processes are employed: heat treatment to ensure the safety of milk for human consumption and to lengthen its shelf-life, and dehydrating dairy products such as butter, hard cheese and milk powders so that they can be stored. Today, milk

1558-405: Is a process similar to cheese making, only the process is arrested before the curd becomes very hard. Milk is also processed by various drying processes into powders. Whole milk, skim milk, buttermilk, and whey products are dried into a powder form and used for human and animal consumption. The main difference between production of powders for human or for animal consumption is in the protection of

1640-690: Is a subsidiary of Alfamidi (PT Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk), a sister company of Alfamart . With the establishment of "Lawson USA Hawaii, Inc.", Lawson returned to the U.S. market, with two locations in Honolulu opening on July 7, 2012. One of the stores is in the Sheraton Waikiki , while the other is in the Moana Hotel . Further expansion in both Hawaii and the mainland U.S. is planned. In 2013, Lawson began opening stores in Thailand under

1722-445: Is made into butter. This is done by churning the cream until the fat globules coagulate and form a monolithic mass. This butter mass is washed and, sometimes, salted to improve keeping qualities. The residual buttermilk goes on to further processing. The butter is packaged (25 to 50 kg boxes) and chilled for storage and sale. At a later stage these packages are broken down into home-consumption sized packs. The product left after

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1804-639: Is now being practised more widely in New Zealand for profit and lifestyle reasons. This is effective because the fall in milk yield is at least partially offset by labour and cost savings from milking once per day. This compares to some intensive farm systems in the United States that milk three or more times per day due to higher milk yields per cow and lower marginal labour costs . Farmers who are contracted to supply liquid milk for human consumption (as opposed to milk for processing into butter, cheese, and so on—see milk) often have to manage their herd so that

1886-500: Is physically milked for only about 10 minutes a day depending on her milk letdown time and the number of milkings per day. As herd sizes increased there was more need to have efficient milking machines, sheds, milk-storage facilities ( vats ), bulk-milk transport and shed cleaning capabilities and the means of getting cows from paddock to shed and back. As herd numbers increased so did the problems of animal health . In New Zealand two approaches to this problem have been used. The first

1968-438: Is separated by huge machines in bulk into cream and skim milk. The cream is processed to produce various consumer products, depending on its thickness, its suitability for culinary uses and consumer demand, which differs from place to place and country to country. Some milk is dried and powdered, some is condensed (by evaporation ) mixed with varying amounts of sugar and canned. Most cream from New Zealand and Australian factories

2050-455: Is the predominant phosphoprotein found in fresh milk. It has a very wide range of uses from being a filler for human foods, such as in ice cream , to the manufacture of products such as fabric , adhesives , and plastics. Cheese is another product made from milk. Whole milk is reacted to form curds that can be compressed, processed and stored to form cheese. In countries where milk is legally allowed to be processed without pasteurisation ,

2132-524: Is then hauled (usually by truck) to a "dairy plant", also referred to as a "dairy", where raw milk is further processed and prepared for commercial sale of dairy products . In New Zealand, farm areas for milk harvesting are also called "milking parlours", and are historically known as "milking sheds". As in the United States, sometimes milking sheds are referred to by their type, such as "herring bone shed" or "pit parlour". Parlour design has evolved from simple barns or sheds to large rotary structures in which

2214-729: The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 and continue in the 2000s. The Federal Milk Price Support Program began in 1949. The Northeast Dairy Compact regulated wholesale milk prices in New England from 1997 to 2001. Plants producing liquid milk and products with short shelf life , such as yogurts , creams and soft cheeses , tend to be located on the outskirts of urban centres close to consumer markets. Plants manufacturing items with longer shelf life, such as butter, milk powders, cheese and whey powders, tend to be situated in rural areas closer to

2296-540: The British Railway Milk Tank Wagon were introduced, enabling the transport of larger quantities of milk, and over longer distances. The development of refrigeration and better road transport, in the late 1950s, has meant that most farmers milk their cows and only temporarily store the milk in large refrigerated bulk tanks , from where it is later transported by truck to central processing facilities. In many European countries, particularly

2378-590: The Hiyoshi area of Yokohama . The company initially focused on personal computer sales and made-to-order business software . In 1982 , the company released the erotic title ( eroge ) Seduction of the Condominium Wife ( 団地妻の誘惑 , Danchi Tsuma no Yūwaku ) , which was an early role-playing adventure game with color graphics, owing to the eight-color palette of the PC-8001 computer. It became

2460-465: The United States , for example, an entire dairy farm is commonly called a "dairy". The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a "milking parlor" or "parlor", except in the case of smaller dairies, where cows are often put on pasture, and usually milked in "stanchion barns". The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's "milk house". Milk

2542-415: The subsistence farming that nomads engaged in. As the community moved about the country, their animals accompanied them. Protecting and feeding the animals were a major part of the symbiotic relationship between the animals and the herders . In the more recent past, people in agricultural societies owned dairy animals that they milked for domestic and local (village) consumption, a typical example of

Lawson (store) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2624-423: The 25th anniversary of the manga series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure , a Lawson store in author Hirohiko Araki 's native Sendai was remodeled to look like the "Owson" store that appears in part 4 of the series. In late 2013, a crossover with All Japan Pro Wrestling saw Triple Crown heavyweight wrestling champion Kohei Suwama appear in ads and even work the till for a photo-op in a Tokyo location. In early 2016,

2706-554: The Japanese Financial Services Agency , the move would allow Lawson stores to offer cash withdrawal, deposit and transfer services, over and above the ATM services that are already provided. In February 2017, Lawson became a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Corp. In 2005, Lawson opened its first "Lawson 100" store, where items are 100 yen plus 5 yen tax for a total of 105 yen. In July 2024, Lawson delisted from

2788-547: The Philippines and United States (see below). In 2014, the company announced plans to open stores specifically designed for elderly consumers. In September 2014, Lawson announced that it would acquire Japanese chain Seijo Ishii Co. for around $ 503 million from Marunouchi Capital. In October 2016, Lawson announced it was partnering with The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ . After receiving the appropriate license from

2870-561: The Tokyo Stock Exchange following its takeover by KDDI. As of May 2012, Lawson had solar equipment at 20 of its stores, but the company announced in June 2012 that it would install solar panels at 2,000 of its 10,000 Japanese stores. It was estimated that each store would generate about 11,000  kWh per year. Just under 2,000 kWh of this would go toward climate control and other in-house uses, which would account for about 1% of each store's power consumption. The rest of

2952-428: The U.S. in 2002, with five cooperatives accounting for half that. This was down from 2,300 cooperatives in the 1940s. In developing countries, the past practice of farmers marketing milk in their own neighbourhoods is changing rapidly. Notable developments include considerable foreign investment in the dairy industry and a growing role for dairy cooperatives. Output of milk is growing rapidly in such countries and presents

3034-500: The United Kingdom, milk is then delivered direct to customers' homes by a milk float . In the United States, a dairy cow produced about 5,300 pounds (2,400 kg) of milk per year in 1950, while the average Holstein cow in 2019 produces more than 23,000 pounds (10,000 kg) of milk per year. Milking machines are used to harvest milk from cows when manual milking becomes inefficient or labour-intensive. One early model

3116-457: The United States, Europe and Korea already had their names changed months before the Japanese parent. The developing operations of the original Koei and Tecmo companies were spun off on March 15, 2010 as new separate subsidiaries under the names of Koei Co., Ltd and Tecmo Co., Ltd respectively, but they were absorbed the following year by Tecmo Koei Games, on April 1, 2011. Koei has built

3198-461: The United States, which critics call "Big Milk". Another round of price fixing charges was settled in 2016. Government intervention in milk markets was common in the 20th century. A limited antitrust exemption was created for U.S. dairy cooperatives by the Capper–Volstead Act of 1922. In the 1930s, some U.S. states adopted price controls, and Federal Milk Marketing Orders started under

3280-464: The animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat . A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry . The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant as historically milking was done by dairymaids. Terminology differs between countries. In

3362-407: The animals by hand; on farms where only small numbers are kept, hand-milking may still be practised. Hand-milking is accomplished by grasping the teats (often pronounced tit or tits ) in the hand and expressing milk either by squeezing the fingers progressively, from the udder end to the tip, or by squeezing the teat between thumb and index finger, then moving the hand downward from udder towards

Lawson (store) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-806: The backdrop of world history, including Romance of the Three Kingdoms , set during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history , and Uncharted Waters ( 大航海時代 , Dai Kōkai Jidai , lit. Great Navigation Era ) , set in Portugal during the Age of Exploration . In 1988, Koei established a North American subsidiary , Koei America Corporation , in California . This subsidiary localized Koei games for export to all territories outside Japan, as well as producing original games and concepts with

3526-477: The cartridge era, when a surplus of unsold cartridges on a single game was often enough to bankrupt a company). A Canadian subsidiary, Koei Canada, Inc. was established in early 2001, and a European subsidiary, Koei Limited was established in early 2003 in Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . Koei also maintains subsidiaries in mainland China , Korea , Taiwan and Lithuania . Recently, Koei created

3608-459: The contracted number of cows are in milk the year round, or the required minimum milk output is maintained. This is done by mating cows outside their natural mating time so that the period when each cow in the herd is giving maximum production is in rotation throughout the year. Northern hemisphere farmers who keep cows in barns almost all the year usually manage their herds to give continuous production of milk so that they get paid all year round. In

3690-512: The cream is removed is called skim, or skimmed, milk. To make a consumable liquid a portion of cream is returned to the skim milk to make low fat milk (semi-skimmed) for human consumption. By varying the amount of cream returned, producers can make a variety of low-fat milks to suit their local market. Whole milk is also made by adding cream back to the skim to form a standardised product. Other products, such as calcium , vitamin D , and flavouring, are also added to appeal to consumers. Casein

3772-437: The electricity would be sold under Japan's feed-in tariff system that came into operation on July 1, 2012. It was estimated that the company's income from the power generated by the 2,000 stores would come to more than 700 million yen a year. Lawson planned to install solar panels at 1,000 stores in the 2012–2013 financial year, and 1,000 more in the 2013–2014 financial year. It chose solar panels from Solar Frontier , along with

3854-430: The end of teat and relieve congestion in the teat tissue. The ratio of the time that the liner is open (milking phase) and closed (rest phase) is called the pulsation ratio. The four streams of milk from the teatcups are usually combined in the claw and transported to the milkline, or the collection bucket (usually sized to the output of one cow) in a single milk hose. Milk is then transported (manually in buckets) or with

3936-406: The end of the teat. The action of the hand or fingers is designed to close off the milk duct at the udder (upper) end and, by the movement of the fingers, close the duct progressively to the tip to express the trapped milk. Each half or quarter of the udder is emptied one milk-duct capacity at a time. The stripping action is repeated, using both hands for speed. Both methods result in the milk that

4018-457: The equivalent amount of milk because of the processes involved. Fermentation and higher fat content contribute to lesser amounts of lactose. Traditionally made Emmental or Cheddar might contain 10% of the lactose found in whole milk. In addition, the ageing methods of traditional cheeses (sometimes over two years) reduce their lactose content to practically nothing. Commercial cheeses, however, are often manufactured by processes that do not have

4100-465: The farmer may not be required to enter into a contract. Thirteen EU member states including France and Spain have introduced laws on compulsory or mandatory written milk contracts (MWC's) between farmers and processors. The Scottish Government published an analysis of the dairy supply chain and the application of mandatory written contracts across the European Union in 2019, to evaluate

4182-502: The farmer needed to call for service and pay regularly. This daily milking routine goes on for about 300 to 320 days per year that the cow stays in milk. Some small herds are milked once a day for about the last 20 days of the production cycle but this is not usual for large herds. If a cow is left unmilked just once she is likely to reduce milk-production almost immediately and the rest of the season may see her dried off (giving no milk) and still consuming feed. However, once-a-day milking

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4264-643: The flagship titles of which are the Dynasty Warriors and Samurai Warriors series, also known as the Musō series. Koei also owned a division known as Ruby Party , which focuses on otome games . On April 1, 2009, Koei merged with Tecmo to create the Tecmo Koei Holdings holding company. After operating as subsidiaries of Tecmo Koei Holdings for exactly a year, Koei merged with Tecmo on April 1, 2010 and combined both companies as one under

4346-506: The former Lawson's stores under Dairy Mart in Pennsylvania closed during the late 1990s, and only a few survived by the time Circle K took over the locations. Much of this can be attributed to stronger competition in Pennsylvania from 7-Eleven and Altoona -based Sheetz , as well as UniMart and United Refining Company . Additionally, unlike in Ohio, Dairy Mart failed to invest in fuel sales at its Pennsylvania stores. Circle K retains

4428-514: The impact of the contracts where they have been adopted. In the UK, a voluntary code of best practice on contractual relationships in the dairy sector was agreed by industry during 2012: this set out minimum standards of good practice for contracts between producers and purchasers. During 2020 the UK government has undertaken a consultation exercise to determine which contractual measures, if any, would improve

4510-612: The leadership of designer Stieg Hedlund , like Liberty or Death , Celtic Tales: Balor of the Evil Eye , Gemfire and Saiyuki: Journey West . After Hedlund's departure, this subsidiary ceased game development in 1995, focusing instead on localization, sales and marketing. Though none of Koei's historical simulations achieved mass market success, they acquired a loyal cult following. This following allowed Koei to remain profitable, since they could reliably predict how many copies of their games would sell (especially important during

4592-472: The machine are kept clean by a manual or automated washing procedures implemented after milking is completed. Milk contact surfaces must comply with regulations requiring food-grade materials (typically stainless steel and special plastics and rubber compounds) and are easily cleaned. Most milking machines are powered by electricity but, in case of electrical failure, there can be an alternative means of motive power, often an internal combustion engine , for

4674-561: The milk supply. Most large processing plants tend to specialise in a limited range of products. Exceptionally, however, large plants producing a wide range of products are still common in Eastern Europe, a holdover from the former centralised, supply-driven concept of the market under Communist governments. As processing plants grow fewer and larger, they tend to acquire bigger, more automated and more efficient equipment. While this technological tendency keeps manufacturing costs lower,

4756-730: The name Lawson 108. The stores are run as a joint venture between Lawson Japan and the Thai consumer goods giant Saha Group. Lawson Asia Pacific and Puregold Price Club formed a joint venture under the name PG Lawson Company Inc. They opened their first branch in Manila , on March 30, 2015. Under the partnership, Lawson will provide its expertise in convenience store's know-how and product development while Puregold will provide its expertise in product procurement and localized knowledge of retail consumers. They plan to open 500 stores by 2020. However, in 2018, Puregold sold its 70 percent stake to Lawson after

4838-486: The name Tecmo Koei Games (with Koei as the actual surviving corporation). Koei was established in July 1978 by Yōichi Erikawa  [ ja ] (also known as Kou Shibusawa  [ ja ] ) and Keiko Erikawa  [ ja ] . Yoichi was a student at Keio University , and when his family's rural dyestuffs business failed, he decided to pursue his interest in programming. The company has remained located in

4920-484: The need for long-distance transportation often increases the environmental impact . Milk production is irregular, depending on cow biology. Producers must adjust the mix of milk which is sold in liquid form vs. processed foods (such as butter and cheese) depending on changing supply and demand. In the European Union , milk supply contracts are regulated by Article 148 of Regulation 1308/2013 – Establishing

5002-657: The next 17 years. Dairy Mart was sued by the American Family Association , after a Dairy Mart manager in Ohio complained that the company's policy of selling pornography subjected her to sexual and religious harassment . The court case, Stanley v. Lawson Co. , was seen as a test of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution . The court ultimately ruled in favor of Lawson. In 2002, Alimentation Couche-Tard ,

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5084-596: The operational tie-up with a logistics group company. Dairy A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter , cheese and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold. It may be a room, a building or a larger establishment. In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption, whether from cows , buffaloes , goats , yaks , sheep , horses or camels . The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives and processes, and

5166-431: The poor quality of roads. Only farms close to factories could afford to take whole milk, which was essential for cheesemaking in industrial quantities, to them. Originally milk was distributed in ' pails ', a lidded bucket with a handle. These proved impractical for transport by road or rail, and so the milk churn was introduced, based on the tall conical shape of the butter churn . Later large railway containers, such as

5248-469: The process and the product from contamination. Some people drink milk reconstituted from powdered milk, because milk is about 88% water and it is much cheaper to transport the dried product. Kumis is produced commercially in Central Asia. Although traditionally made from mare 's milk, modern industrial variants may use cow's milk. In India, which produces 22% of global milk production (as at 2018),

5330-416: The resilience of the dairy industry for the future. The Australian government has also introduced a mandatory dairy code of conduct. When it became necessary to milk larger cows, the cows would be brought to a shed or barn that was set up with stalls ( milking stalls ) where the cows could be confined their whole life while they were milked. One person could milk more cows this way, as many as 20 for

5412-628: The said company exited the convenience store business. Despite the Puregold exit, the Philippine branches of Lawson continued to operate until they found a new partnership. In 2019, Lawson has partnered with Ayala Corporation and struck a deal of partnership, continuing to expand its footprint in the country to 500 stores by 2024. The store chain is also considering a collaboration with Ayala's online retail business, such as contributing convenience stores to be used as product pickup depots as well as

5494-506: The same company's online monitoring system, for the first 1,000 stores. Lawson has more than 5,200 stores in China, which are found in and around six major cities: Chongqing , Beijing , Shenyang , Shanghai , Shenzhen and Wuhan . The Shanghai region is the largest, with more than 2,000 locations. In August 2011, Lawson opened its first Indonesian store in Jakarta . In Indonesia, Lawson

5576-581: The same lactose-reducing properties. Ageing of some cheeses is governed by regulations; in other cases there is no quantitative indication of degree of ageing and concomitant lactose reduction, and lactose content is not usually indicated on labels. In earlier times, whey or milk serum was considered to be a waste product and it was, mostly, fed to pigs as a convenient means of disposal. Beginning about 1950, and mostly since about 1980, lactose and many other products, mainly food additives, are made from both casein and cheese whey. Yogurt (or yoghurt) making

5658-567: The series, Kin'iro no Corda , is gaining popularity partially because the manga series it was based on, has been recently licensed by Viz for English language publishing. It gaining more popularity though, and an anime television series based on it began airing in October 2006. A sequel was also released on the PlayStation 2 in March 2007. On September 4, 2008, Koei announced that it

5740-527: The southern hemisphere the cooperative dairying systems allow for two months of no productivity because their systems are designed to take advantage of maximum grass and milk production in the spring and because the milk processing plants pay bonuses in the dry (winter) season to carry the farmers through the mid-winter break from milking. It also means that cows have a rest from milk production when they are most heavily pregnant. Some year-round milk farms are penalised financially for overproduction at any time in

5822-572: The store. Some independently owned Dairy Mart stores in Ohio survived independent of Circle K and continued to use the Dairy Mart name and final logo under license from Alimentation Couche-Tard. Nine stores still licensed the Dairy Mart brand as of 2022. Circle K retains a large presence in Ohio to this day due to the enduring legacy of Lawson's, especially in Northeast Ohio and Columbus, primarily competing with Speedway . However, many of

5904-445: The structure of the dairy industry varies in different parts of the world. In major milk-producing countries most milk is distributed through whole sale markets. In Ireland and Australia, for example, farmers' co-operatives own many of the large-scale processors, while in the United States many farmers and processors do business through individual contracts. In the United States, the country's 196 farmers' cooperatives sold 86% of milk in

5986-413: The supply of milk became a commercial industry, with specialised breeds of cattle being developed for dairy, as distinct from beef or draught animals. Initially, more people were employed as milkers, but it soon turned to mechanisation with machines designed to do the milking. Historically, the milking and the processing took place close together in space and time: on a dairy farm . People milked

6068-401: The teat by creating a pressure difference across the teat canal (or opening at the end of the teat). Vacuum also helps keep the machine attached to the cow. The vacuum applied to the teat causes congestion of teat tissues (accumulation of blood and other fluids). Atmospheric air is admitted into the pulsation chamber about once per second (the pulsation rate) to allow the liner to collapse around

6150-490: The udder are visible. The top of the flexible liner is visible at the top of the shells as are the short milk tubes and short pulsation tubes extending from the bottom of the shells to the claw. The bottom of the claw is transparent to allow observation of milk flow. When milking is completed the vacuum to the milking unit is shut off and the teatcups are removed. Milking machines keep the milk enclosed and safe from external contamination. The interior 'milk contact' surfaces of

6232-410: The vacuum and milk pumps. Koei Koei Co., Ltd. was a Japanese video game publisher , developer , and distributor founded in 1978 . The company is known for its historical simulation games based on the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms , as well as simulation games based on pseudo-historical events. The company found mainstream success in a series of loosely historical action games,

6314-469: The workflow (throughput of cows) is very efficiently handled. In some countries, especially those with small numbers of animals being milked, the farm may perform the functions of a dairy plant, processing their own milk into saleable dairy products, such as butter, cheese, or yogurt . This on-site processing is a traditional method of producing specialist milk products, common in Europe. In the United States

6396-455: The year by being unable to sell their overproduction at current prices. Artificial insemination (AI) is common in all high-production herds in order to improve the genetics of the female offspring which will be raised for replacements. AI also reduces the need for keeping potentially dangerous bulls on the farm. Male calves are sold to be raised for beef or veal, or slaughtered due to lack of profitability. A cow will calve or freshen about once

6478-405: Was improved veterinary medicines (and the government regulation of the medicines) that the farmer could use. The other was the creation of veterinary clubs where groups of farmers would employ a veterinarian (vet) full-time and share those services throughout the year. It was in the vet's interest to keep the animals healthy and reduce the number of calls from farmers, rather than to ensure that

6560-472: Was in talks to purchase ailing competitor Tecmo . They agreed in November 2008 to merge on April 1, 2009 to form Tecmo Koei Holdings . On January 26, 2009 the two companies approved the merger, the holding company formed on April 1, 2009 as planned. Koei changed its name to Tecmo Koei Games on April 1, 2010 by absorbing Tecmo, and again on July 1, 2014, to Koei Tecmo Games . Koei's subsidiaries in

6642-479: Was patented in 1907. The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for removing milk from an udder. It is made up of a claw, four teatcups, (Shells and rubber liners) long milk tube, long pulsation tube, and a pulsator. The claw is an assembly that connects the short pulse tubes and short milk tubes from the teatcups to the long pulse tube and long milk tube. (Cluster assembly) Claws are commonly made of stainless steel or plastic or both. Teatcups are composed of

6724-471: Was trapped in the milk duct being squirted out the end into a bucket that is supported between the knees (or rests on the ground) of the milker, who usually sits on a low stool. Traditionally the cow, or cows, would stand in the field or paddock while being milked. Young stock, heifers , would have to be trained to remain still to be milked. In many countries, the cows were tethered to a post and milked. While most countries produce their own milk products,

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