79-498: DalesRail is a railway passenger service operated for tourism in the summer months across Cumbria , Lancashire and North Yorkshire , England. The service routinely uses the current freight-only line between Clitheroe and Hellifield , offering the opportunity to travel on a line rarely used by passenger trains. The trains then also traverse the full length of the Settle & Carlisle line . The DalesRail brand has also been used on
158-498: A Labour majority administration since the 2022 Cumberland Council election , and Westmorland and Furness has had a Liberal Democrat majority administration since the 2022 Westmorland and Furness Council election . Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council collaborate through a Joint Executive Committee and the Enterprising Cumbria Economic Growth Body. In September 2024,
237-495: A Saturday. This allowed the two services to connect at Hellifield. Sundays consisted of services between Leeds and Appleby. Use of the line through Clitheroe first occurred in 1978, and the success led to a small number of Christmas shopping specials run during weekends in December. Other services were extended to other lines with some trains from Carlisle running to and from Bradford Forster Square , and by 1981, 6,000 people used
316-629: A group of ramblers complained that British Rail were not affording them the opportunity to use the train to go fell-walking in the Lancashire and Yorkshire Dales or the Eden Valley , as only the stations at Settle and Appleby were open to the public (the other stations on the line had been closed in 1970). The venture was a success, and led to several other stations on the Settle-Carlisle line being reopened from May 1975 to service
395-611: A local bus service which would take people living in the dales to the stations (such as at Garsdale ) and they would get into the trains that the tourist had vacated, with the DalesRail train then going back to Leeds or Bradford. This allowed the residents of the Dales a day out shopping, and meant revenue was increased as tickets were charged in two directions, so costs were then kept to a minimum. The following year, services were run from Manchester and Colne , with some being extended all
474-680: A name similar to 'Cum-ri' which means "fellow countrymen" (and has also survived in the Welsh name for Wales which is Cymru ). The first datable record of the place name as Cumberland is from an entry in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle for the year AD 945. This record refers to a kingdom known to the Anglo Saxons as Cumberland (often also known as Strathclyde) which in the 10th century may have stretched from Loch Lomond to Leeds. The first king to be unequivocally described as king of
553-587: A new platform (platform '0') is being constructed to the east of the station. This is due to open in May 2025. Historically, there have been various proposals put forward which would link the two Bradford railway stations together , but none of these has yet materialised. Over time, services have operated as follows: (trains operated by British Rail) (trains operated by British Rail) (trains operated by Northern Spirit ) (trains operated by Arriva Trains Northern ) (trains operated by Northern Rail ) There
632-603: A shooting spree that spanned over 24 kilometres (15 mi) along the Cumbrian coastline. Local newspapers The Westmorland Gazette and Cumberland and Westmorland Herald continue to use the name of their historic counties. Other publications, such as local government promotional material, describe the area as "Cumbria", as does the Lake District National Park Authority. Cumbria is the most northwesterly ceremonial county of England and
711-558: A traditional version of football, with its origins in medieval football or an even earlier form. Players from outside Workington also take part, especially fellow West Cumbrians from Whitehaven and Maryport . Cumbria formerly had minor American football clubs, the Furness Phantoms (the club is now defunct, its last name was Morecambe Bay Storm ) and the Carlisle Kestrels. Barrow and Carlisle United are
790-794: Is a very popular sport in south and West Cumbria. Barrow , Whitehaven and Workington play in the Rugby League Championships . Amateur teams; Wath Brow Hornets, Askam , Egremont Rangers , Kells , Barrow Island, Hensingham and Millom play in the National Conference . Cumbria County Cricket Club is one of the cricket clubs that constitute the National Counties in the English domestic cricket structure. The club, based in Carlisle , competes in
869-527: Is at present the only university in Cumbria and has campuses across the county, together with Lancaster and London. The M6 is the only motorway that runs through Cumbria. Kendal and Penrith are amongst its primary destinations. Further north it becomes the A74(M) at the border with Scotland north of Carlisle . Major A roads within Cumbria include: Several bus companies run services in Cumbria serving
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#1732782380030948-550: Is mainly used during weekday peak periods and in the evening, though a spare set is usually stabled here between 09.00 and 16.00 each weekday. London North Eastern Railway operates two services each way (only one on Sundays) per day via Leeds and the East Coast Main Line to London King's Cross . In January 2024, £24 million was allocated for a fourth platform at the station to allow more flexibility. LNER will subsequently be able to provide up to five services
1027-473: Is mostly mountainous, with large upland areas to the south-west and east. The south-west contains the Lake District , a national park and UNESCO world heritage site which includes Scafell Pike , England's highest mountain at 978 metres (3,209 ft), and Windermere , its longest and largest lake. The Border Moors and North Pennines lie along the county's eastern border. The south-east contains
1106-524: Is some disagreement about what names were used and when. Most modern references state that at least one of them was called 'Market Street', but there is disagreement as to exactly when this name was in use: W. E. Forster died in 1886, and when the nearby Central Post Office opened in 1887, Forster Square, between the Railway Station and the Post Office, had recently been named. Throughout
1185-522: Is tourism, with the county attracting over 47 million visitors annually. The Lake District National Park alone receives some 15.8 million visitors every year. Despite this, fewer than 50,000 people reside permanently within the Lake District: mostly in Ambleside , Bowness-on-Windermere , Coniston , Keswick , Gosforth , Grasmere and Windermere . Over 36,000 Cumbrians are employed in
1264-677: The Airedale line to Skipton , the Wharfedale line to Ilkley and the Leeds-Bradford line to Leeds . The other main railway station in the city is Bradford Interchange , which is about 10 minutes on foot from Forster Square; from here, services operate along the Calder Valley line to Leeds, Halifax , Huddersfield , Manchester Victoria , Blackpool North and London King's Cross . The first rail service into Bradford
1343-819: The Conference North . Barrow were then promoted to the Conference Premier in 2007/08. In 2020, Barrow were promoted to the Football League as a result of winning the National League . Rugby union is popular in the county's north and east with teams such as Furness RUFC & Hawcoat Park RUFC (South Cumbria), Workington RUFC (Workington Zebras), Whitehaven RUFC, Carlisle RUFC, Creighton RUFC, Aspatria RUFC , Wigton RUFC, Kendal RUFC , Kirkby Lonsdale RUFC, Keswick RUFC, Cockermouth RUFC, Upper Eden RUFC and Penrith RUFC . Rugby league
1422-459: The Cornish and Gouren styles indicating that it may have developed out of a longer-standing Celtic tradition. Bradford Forster Square railway station Bradford Forster Square railway station serves Bradford , West Yorkshire , England. The majority of services to and from the station use Class 333 and Class 331 electric multiple units operated by Northern Trains ; they run on
1501-642: The Furness Line and much of the Settle-Carlisle Railway . Cumbria's largest settlement and only city is Carlisle , in the north of the county. The largest town, Barrow-in-Furness , in the south, is slightly smaller. The county's population is largely rural: it has the second-lowest population density among English counties, and only five towns with over 20,000 people. Cumbria is one of the country's most ethnically homogeneous counties, with 95% categorised as White British (around 471,000 of
1580-545: The Lakes Aquarium and South Lakes Safari Zoo , the last of which would almost certainly rank within the top five). Cumbria is governed by two unitary authorities, Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council. The Cumberland unitary authority area covers the north and west of Cumbria, and Westmorland and Furness the south and east; they are named after the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland , but have different boundaries. Cumberland has had
1659-591: The Midland Railway had acquired the Leeds and Bradford, and rebuilt the station. The new building was larger, but less interesting architecturally. In 1890, the railway station was again replaced. The Midland Railway's architect Charles Trubshaw designed a large complex containing the passenger station, goods station and the Midland Hotel . The station had six platforms and an overall glazed roof of
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#17327823800301738-832: The National Counties Cricket Championship and the NCCA Knockout Trophy . The club also play some home matches in Workington , as well as other locations. Cumbrian club cricket teams play in the North Lancashire and Cumbria League . Cumbria is home to the Cartmel Valley Lions , an amateur baseball team based in Cartmel. Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling is an ancient and well-practised tradition in
1817-656: The Orton Fells , Howgill Fells and part of the Yorkshire Dales , which are all within the Yorkshire Dales national park . The Vale of Eden , the valley of the River Eden , runs south-east to north-west between these upland areas, and broadens into the Solway Plain near Carlisle. The county has long coast to the west, which is bordered by a plain for most of its length. In the north-west it borders
1896-668: The Roman Empire had conquered in about AD 85. Based on inscriptional evidence from the area, the Roman civitas of the Carvetii seems to have covered portions of Cumbria. The names Cumbria , Cymru (the native Welsh name for Wales ), Cambria , and Cumberland are derived from the name these people gave themselves, * kombroges in Common Brittonic , which originally meant "compatriots". Although Cumbria
1975-584: The Romantic movement , such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge , lived among, and were inspired by, the lakes and mountains of the region. Later, the children's writer Beatrix Potter also wrote in the region and became a major landowner, granting much of her property to the National Trust on her death. In turn, the large amount of land owned by the National Trust assisted in
2054-724: The Solway Firth , a national landscape , and to the south are the Cartmel and Furness peninsulas. East of the peninsulas, the county contains part of Arnside and Silverdale , also a national landscape. The Lancaster Canal runs from Preston into southern Cumbria and is partly in use. The Ulverston Canal which once reached to Morecambe Bay is maintained although it was closed in 1945. The northernmost and southernmost points in Cumbria are just west of Deadwater, Northumberland and South Walney respectively. Kirkby Stephen (close to Tan Hill, North Yorkshire ) and St Bees Head are
2133-407: The Solway Firth , a national landscape, and the southern coast includes the Cartmel and Furness peninsulas. East of the peninsulas, the county contains part of Arnside and Silverdale another national landscape The county contains several Neolithic monuments, such as Mayburgh Henge . The region was on the border of Roman Britain , and Hadrian's Wall runs through the north of the county. In
2212-601: The Vale of Eden , the wide valley of the River Eden which runs south-east to north-west across the county and broadens into the Solway Plain near Carlisle. To the north-east are part of the Border Moors and to the east part of the North Pennines ; the latter have been designated a national landscape . South of the vale are the Orton Fells , Howgill Fells , and part of the Yorkshire Dales , which are all within
2291-598: The Wensleydale Line in the 1970s and 1980s, before that line reopened as a heritage railway. DalesRail customers were part of the campaign to save the Settle–Carlisle line from closure, and initially used stations that were closed to passengers in 1970. With the re-opening of most stations on that line, the DalesRail brand continues with services from Blackpool and Preston to Carlisle via Clitheroe and Hellifield. The DalesRail service started in 1974, when
2370-413: The Yorkshire Dales national park . The south-west contains the Lake District , a large upland area which has been designated a national park and UNESCO world heritage site . It includes Scafell Pike , England's highest mountain, and Windermere , its longest and largest lake. The county has long coast to the west, which is bordered by a plain for most of its length. In the north-west it borders
2449-473: The "Midland" station) is at the bottom of Kirkgate." Again in 1908 and 1921 it was still the "Midland Station". By 1934 the station name had changed to "Forster Square Station (L.M.S.R)". Trains from Bradford Forster Square are operated by Northern Trains and London North Eastern Railway . Most trains are run by Northern; these are towards Leeds, Skipton and Ilkley . During Monday to Saturday daytimes, trains operate every 30 minutes to Leeds and hourly on
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2528-567: The 1990s and 2000s onwards, Sprinters and Pacers have been used, but Class 156 units have been the most common, with one even being named Lancashire DalesRail . Cumbria Cumbria ( / ˈ k ʌ m b r i ə / KUM -bree-ə ) is a ceremonial county in North West England . It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to
2607-508: The 19th century, contemporary directories and maps either used the railway company name or a nearby street to identify the station. In 1852 it was the "Leeds and Bradford Railway Station". In 1863 the location was "Midland Railway, Bottom of Kirkgate". The date of the name change has not yet been identified. In 1901, it was "The Leeds and Bradford railway ... is leased by the Midland Railway Company, and its station (called
2686-484: The 500,000). The larger towns have ethnic makeups closer to the national average. The 2001 census indicated Christianity was the religion with the most adherents in the county. 2010 ONS estimates placed the number of foreign-born (non-United Kingdom) people living in Cumbria at around 14,000 and foreign nationals at 6,000. Population trends indicate a gradual decline in younger demographics, with an increasing proportion of elderly residents. The 2001 UK Census showed
2765-609: The Cumbria coast. The busiest railway stations in Cumbria are Carlisle , Barrow-in-Furness , Penrith and Oxenholme Lake District . The 399 miles (642 km) West Coast Main Line runs through the Cumbria countryside, adjacent to the M6 motorway. The Cumbrian Coast Line connects Barrow-in-Furness to Carlisle and is a vital link in the west of the county. Other railways in Cumbria are the Windermere Branch Line , most of
2844-891: The Cumbrians is Owain ap Dyfnwal , who ruled from c. 915 – c. 937 . Cumbria was created in April 1974 through an amalgamation of the administrative counties of Cumberland and Westmorland , to which parts of Lancashire (the area known as Lancashire North of the Sands ) and of the West Riding of Yorkshire were added. During the Neolithic period the area contained an important centre of stone axe production (the so-called Langdale axe factory ), products of which have been found across Great Britain. During this period, stone circles and henges were built across
2923-526: The DalesRail train. The Settle–Carlisle Line was being progressively rundown during the 1970s, and with the introduction of DalesRail, the Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee were hoping to increase the number of people using the train. Initially, the first services were between Leeds and Appleby calling at Horton-in-Ribblesdale , Ribblehead (southbound only), Dent and Kirkby Stephen . These were integrated with
3002-711: The Early Middle Ages parts of the region successively belonged to Rheged , Northumbria , and Strathclyde , and there was also a Viking presence. It became the border between England and Scotland, and was unsettled until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. During the Industrial Revolution mining took place on the Cumberland coalfield and Barrow-in-Furness became a shipbuilding centre, but the county
3081-551: The Liberal Democrats. The 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies abolished Copeland, Workington, and Penrith and the Border, replacing them with the new constituencies of Penrith and Solway and Whitehaven and Workington . The three remaining constituencies underwent significant boundary changes, including some electoral wards being transferred from Westmorland and Lonsdale to Morecambe and Lunesdale , making
3160-405: The May 2022 timetable change, but there's no balancing return service. On Sundays, trains run hourly between Bradford and Leeds all day (until the end of service) and to both Skipton and Ilkley. The latter two routes were upgraded from two-hourly frequencies at the December 2017 timetable change. During off-peak hours most trains use platforms 1 (for Skipton) and 2 (Leeds and Ilkley) – platform 3
3239-678: The North Lonsdale or Furness part of Lancashire , usually referred to as "Lancashire North of the Sands", (including the county borough of Barrow-in-Furness ) and, from the West Riding of Yorkshire , the Sedbergh Rural District . Between 1974 and 2023 it was governed by Cumbria County Council but in 2023 the county council was abolished and replaced by two new unitary authorities Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council. On 2 June 2010, taxi driver Derrick Bird killed 12 people and injured 11 others in
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3318-420: The city centre redevelopment began and Forster House was demolished. The line into Forster Square was electrified in 1994, as part of the electrification of the Airedale and Wharfedale lines , which allowed through electric trains to London via the newly electrified East Coast Main Line . More recently, the pedestrian approach from Cheapside has been redeveloped, and ticket barriers installed. As of late 2024,
3397-427: The communities along the line, but this was later extended to anyone who used the DalesRail or excursion services. The service has been labelled as "pioneering", as it is seen as a backbone for an integrated transport network in a large rural area. Many co-ordinated guided walks and local buses are timed to connect with the DalesRail trains on a Sunday, affording people the opportunity to travel to destinations away from
3476-622: The county with a strong resemblance to Scottish Backhold . In the 21st century Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling along with other aspects of Lakeland culture are practised at the Grasmere Sports and Show, an annual meeting held every year since 1852 on the August Bank Holiday . The origin of this form of wrestling is a matter of debate, with some describing it as having evolved from Norse wrestling brought over by Viking invaders, while other historians associate it with
3555-688: The county, and today, Cumbria has one of the largest number of preserved field monuments in England'. While not part of the region conquered in the Romans' initial conquest of Britain in AD 43, most of modern-day Cumbria was later conquered in response to a revolt deposing the Roman-aligned ruler of the Brigantes in AD 69. The Romans built a number of fortifications in the area during their occupation,
3634-522: The dynamic political situation of the region. There were at least three sieges of Carlisle fought between England and Scotland, and two further sieges during the Jacobite risings . After the Jacobite Risings of the 18th century, Cumbria became a more stable place and, as in the rest of Northern England , the Industrial Revolution caused a large growth in urban populations. In particular,
3713-465: The east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Irish Sea to the west. Its largest settlement is the city of Carlisle . Cumbria is predominantly rural, with an area of 6,769 km (2,614 sq mi) and a population of 500,012; this makes it the third largest ceremonial county in England by area but the eighth-smallest by population. After Carlisle (74,281),
3792-530: The following most common countries of birth for residents of Cumbria that year: Fell running is a popular sport in Cumbria, with an active calendar of competitions taking place throughout the year. Cumbria is also home to several of the most active orienteering clubs in the UK as well as the Lakes 5 Days competition that takes place every four years. Workington is home to the ball game known as Uppies and Downies,
3871-433: The formation in 1951 of the Lake District National Park , which remains the largest National Park in England and has come to dominate the identity and economy of the county. The Windscale fire of 10 October 1957 was the worst nuclear accident in Great Britain's history. Cumbria was created in 1974 from the traditional counties of Cumberland and Westmorland , the Cumberland County Borough of Carlisle , along with
3950-422: The lack of available staff from Northern to run the trains. In 2024, Northern announced that the service would be brought back in the form of two daily trains on Saturdays between Ribblehead and Rochdale . This modified service would begin on 8 June 2024 and was renamed the Yorkshire Dales Explorer . In the 1970s and 1980s, British Rail used a mixture of first generation DMU stock such as classes 108 . During
4029-465: The largest private employer in Cumbria, BAE Systems in Barrow employs around 12,000 with further job growth associated with new contracts expected, the Sellafield nuclear processing site, has a workforce of 10,000. Below is a list of some of the county's largest companies and employers (excluding services such as Cumbria Constabulary , Cumbria Fire and Rescue and the NHS in Cumbria), categorised by district. The largest and most widespread industry
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#17327823800304108-465: The largest settlements are Barrow-in-Furness (56,745), Kendal (29,593), and Whitehaven (23,986). For local government purposes the county comprises two unitary authority areas, Westmorland and Furness and Cumberland . Cumbria was created in 1974 from the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland , the Furness area of Lancashire, and a small part of Yorkshire . The interior of Cumbria contains several upland areas which together fringe
4187-545: The latter a cross-county constituency (it had previously been exclusively in Lancashire ). Michelle Scrogham Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats are strongest in rural areas, and Labour is strongest in the industrial towns. Although Cumbria has a comprehensive system almost fully, there is one state grammar school in Penrith. There are 42 state secondary schools and 10 independent schools. The more rural secondary schools tend to have sixth forms (although in Barrow-in-Furness district, no schools have sixth forms due to
4266-471: The lines. In 1972, Bradford Corporation (now City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council ), together with several other local authorities in the area, determined to subsidise the Wharfedale and Airedale lines. The lines have remained open, and in the ensuing years, a number of stations have been reopened. From April 1974, the new West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (now known as Metro ) took responsibility for those services. Forster Square Station
4345-557: The main towns and villages in the county, with some services running to neighbouring areas such as Lancaster . Stagecoach North West is the largest; it has depots in Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Kendal and Workington. Stagecoach's flagship X6 route connects Barrow-in-Furness and Kendal in south Cumbria. There are only two airports in the county: Carlisle Lake District and Barrow/Walney Island . Both airports formerly served scheduled passenger flights and both are proposing expansions and renovations to handle domestic and European flights in
4424-593: The most easterly and westerly points of the county. The boundaries are along the Irish Sea to Morecambe Bay in the west, and along the Pennines to the east. Cumbria's northern boundary stretches from the Solway Firth from the Solway Plain eastward along the border with Scotland . Cumbria is bordered by Northumberland , County Durham , North Yorkshire , Lancashire in England, and Dumfries and Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale in Scotland. Many large companies and organisations are based in Cumbria. The county council itself employs around 17,000 individuals, while
4503-406: The most famous being UNESCO World Heritage Site Hadrian's Wall which passes through northern Cumbria. At the end of the period of British history known as Roman Britain ( c. AD 410 ) the inhabitants of Cumbria were Cumbric -speaking native Celtic Britons who were probably descendants of the Brigantes and Carvetii (sometimes considered to be a sub-tribe of the Brigantes) that
4582-483: The near future. The nearest international airports to south Cumbria are Blackpool , Manchester , Liverpool John Lennon and Teesside . North Cumbria is closer to Newcastle , Glasgow Prestwick and Glasgow International . Barrow-in-Furness is one of the country's largest shipbuilding centres, but the Port of Barrow is only minor, operated by Associated British Ports alongside the Port of Silloth in Allerdale. There are no ferry links from any port or harbour along
4661-445: The only professional football teams in Cumbria. Carlisle United attract support from across Cumbria and beyond, with many Cumbrian "ex-pats" travelling to see their games, both home and away. Workington —who are always known locally as "the reds"—are a well-supported non-league team, having been relegated from the Football League in the 1970s. Workington made a rapid rise up the non league ladder and in 2007/08 competed with Barrow in
4740-428: The only sixth form college in Cumbria being located in the town) and this is the same for three schools in Allerdale and South Lakeland, and one in the other districts. Chetwynde is also the only school in Barrow to educate children from nursery all the way to year 11. Colleges of further education in Cumbria include: The University of Cumbria is one of the UK's newest universities, having been established in 2007. It
4819-431: The other two routes. On weekday and Saturday evenings there are trains every hour to each of Skipton and Ilkley, but no trains run through to Leeds; instead a shuttle service runs between Bradford and Shipley, connecting there with Skipton – Leeds trains. Connections are also available at Shipley for longer distance trains to Morecambe and Carlisle ; a single early direct service to Carnforth at 06:41 runs from here since
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#17327823800304898-431: The platforms. That development, however, never happened due to the early 1990s recession . A new shopping centre (The Broadway) was finally built to the south of Kirkgate in 2015. The old station site was initially used as a car park, before a HMRC tax office Centenary Court was built. Part of the screen arcade that fronted the 1890 station, as well as the Midland Hotel, remains. In 2005, these became much more visible, when
4977-431: The railway, such as Hawes , Leyburn and the lower Wensleydale valley into Northallerton . Whilst the service runs every year (usually on 17 Sundays across the summer and autumn) the service suffered severe disruption after the introduction of the reformed timetable in May 2018, which was compounded by a strike by staff at Arriva Rail North . The service was suspended in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The service
5056-520: The ridge and furrow pattern. The station was also used by the North Eastern Railway . The station began to be called Market Street Station at this time, but local maps and directories do not confirm this (see Station name below). By 1906, Forster Square had been built just south-east of the railway station, but the name Forster Square Station was not used until 1924. In 1953-54 the station underwent £60,000 (equivalent to £2,116,100 in 2023) of improvements. The glass and steel canopy covering
5135-433: The service when it ran over several weekends of that year. By 1985, this number had dropped slightly to 5,000, though between its inception in 1974 to 1983, the service had carried an estimated 70,000 passengers. As the rundown of the Settle–Carlisle line continued, the last express trains using the line were withdrawn in 1982 (Glasgow to Nottingham). Initially, those objecting to the closure plans were mainly those who lived in
5214-470: The sovereign, exercises some rights of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster, which includes the Furness area of Cumbria. Until the 2024 general election , there were six parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria: Barrow and Furness , Carlisle , Copeland , Penrith and the Border , Westmorland and Lonsdale , and Workington . Five were won by the Conservative Party in the 2019 United Kingdom general election , with Westmorland and Lonsdale won by
5293-417: The station was removed and "umbrella type" covers were installed over each platform, leaving the rails clear. In March 1963, the Beeching Report recommended the closure of all railways serving Wharfedale, and the removal of several services out of Forster Square. As a consequence, many railway stations closed in 1965, and local services to Leeds ceased. However, the decision to close was deferred for some of
5372-422: The tourism industry which adds £1.1 billion a year to the county's economy. The Lake District and county as a whole attract visitors from across the UK, Europe, North America and the Far East (particularly Japan). The tables below show the twenty most-visited attractions in Cumbria in 2009. (Not all visitor attractions provided data to Cumbria Tourism who collated the list. Notable examples are Furness Abbey ,
5451-420: The trains rather than have spare seats. In order to maximise this, the WYPTE took over marketing the service. As the project gained momentum, so other official bodies gave support, with Cumbria County Council , Eden District Council and the Countryside Commission who appointed a project officer. DalesRail was extended into an excursion service which visited the Wensleydale Line in the 1970s. The first service
5530-419: The two councils submitted an expression of interest to form a combined authority . Between 1974 and 2023 Cumbria was administered by Cumbria County Council and six district councils : Allerdale , Barrow-in-Furness , Carlisle , Copeland , Eden , and South Lakeland . These were abolished on 1 April 2023, when the two unitary authorities were established. The Duchy of Lancaster , the private estate of
5609-416: The way to Carlisle. In 1977, the stations in the upper Eden valley were re-opened for occasional use ( Langwathby , Lazonby , and Armathwaite ). Initially, the project was funded jointly by the Yorkshire Dales Committee and the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (WYPTE). Fears of over-ordering stock from British Rail, led to the WYPTE using fewer carriages on DalesRail services in an effort to fill
5688-470: The west coast towns of Workington , Millom and Barrow-in-Furness saw large iron and steel mills develop, with Barrow also developing a significant shipbuilding industry. Kendal , Keswick and Carlisle all became mill towns , with textiles, pencils and biscuits among the products manufactured in the region. The early 19th century saw the county gain fame when the Lake Poets and other artists of
5767-401: Was truncated in 1993, when a new station was built slightly to the north with the old station demolished at the same time. The new station has three platforms, two of which (platforms 1 & 2) are able to accommodate intercity trains. The old station site was to have become a shopping mall (which had a working title of 'Broadgate'). The idea was to have passengers walk past the shops to access
5846-591: Was a principality in the Kingdom of Scotland at the time of the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and thus was excluded from the Domesday Book survey of 1086. In 1092 the region was invaded by William II and incorporated into England. Nevertheless, the region was dominated by the many Anglo-Scottish Wars of the latter Middle Ages and early modern period and the associated Border Reivers who exploited
5925-478: Was due to run one daily train on a Sunday between Blackpool and Carlisle, until early September, when the train would only travel as far from Blackpool as Hellifield. The service restarted from the 16 May 2021 timetable change with the guided walks programme restarting from 6 June 2021, however, it was only carrying 1,000 people annually. The 2023 service was announced as being cancelled completely in March 2023, due to
6004-660: Was in 1977, with Bedale , Finghall , and Leyburn being used as alighting and embarkation points. Services ran from Leeds and York to Redmire in September each year until 1981, whilst a service originating in Newcastle and running in June, actually took passengers from Wensleydale back to Tyneside for a day out. The main services have however, always been focussed on the Settle–Carlisle line, with services running from Leeds to Carlisle, and Preston to Hellifield via Clitheroe on
6083-613: Was not heavily industrialised and the Lake District became valued for its sublime and picturesque qualities, notably by the Lake Poets . The place names Cumbria and Cumberland both mean "land of the Cumbrians" and are names derived from the term that had been used by the inhabitants of the area to describe themselves. In the period c. 400 – c. 1100 , it is likely that any group of people living in Britain who identified as 'Britons' called themselves by
6162-515: Was opened by the Leeds and Bradford Railway on 1 July 1846. The line approached the town from the north, up Bradford Dale from Shipley , and terminated at a railway station on Kirkgate, opposite the end of Market Street. There were hourly services to Leeds Wellington Station , and through trains to London Euston via Derby and Rugby . The first railway station building was an imposing neoclassical building designed by William Andrews. By 1853,
6241-619: Was previously believed to have formed the core of the Early Middle Ages Brittonic kingdom of Rheged , more recent discoveries near Galloway appear to contradict this. For the rest of the first millennium, Cumbria was contested by several entities who warred over the area, including the Brythonic Celtic Kingdom of Strathclyde and the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria . Most of modern-day Cumbria
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