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49-456: Christen Dalsgaard (30 October 1824 – 11 February 1907) was a Danish painter, a late student of Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg . Christen Dalsgaard was born on 30 October 1824. He was the son of the owner of the estate, Krabbesholm Manor, located near Skive in Jutland . He showed early signs of artistic talent, and received training as a craft painter. In the spring of 1841 Niels Rademacher,

98-564: A century later, the Spanish artist Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) used genre scenes in painting and printmaking as a medium for dark commentary on the human condition. His The Disasters of War , a series of 82 genre incidents from the Peninsular War , took genre art to unprecedented heights of expressiveness. With the decline of religious and historical painting in the 19th century, artists increasingly found their subject matter in

147-493: A dissertation on the subject called Linear perspective used in the art of painting ( Linearperspektiven, anvendt paa Malerkunsten ) in 1841, and taught classes on the subject at the Academy. He made a small number of etchings that combine observations of daily life with classical, harmonious principles of composition. This led the way to the characteristic manner in which Golden Age painters portrayed common, everyday life. There

196-399: A famous lecture titled "On the conditions for the development of a Scandinavian national art" (" Om betingelserne for en skandinavisk nationalkunsts udvikling "). Høyen called for artists to search for subject matter in the folk life of their country instead of searching for themes in other lands, such as Italy (which was at that time considered a requirement for an artist's training). Dalsgaard

245-418: A few days after the wedding, Eckersberg began his travels out of the country. Along with Tønnes Christian Bruun de Neergaard, writer, enthusiastic art lover and financial supporter, he made his way through Germany to Paris. Here he studied under neoclassicist Jacques-Louis David from 1811 to 1812. He improved his skills in painting the human form, and followed his teacher's admonition to paint after Nature and

294-467: A genre work even if it could be shown that the artist had used a known person—a member of his family, say—as a model. In this case it would depend on whether the work was likely to have been intended by the artist to be perceived as a portrait—sometimes a subjective question. The depictions can be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Because of their familiar and frequently sentimental subject matter, genre paintings have often proven popular with

343-700: A heightened interest in the depiction of everyday life, whether through the romanticized paintings of Watteau and Fragonard , or the careful realism of Chardin . Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) and others painted detailed and rather sentimental groups or individual portraits of peasants that were to be influential on 19th-century painting. In England, William Hogarth (1697–1764) conveyed comedy, social criticism and moral lessons through canvases that told stories of ordinary people full of narrative detail (aided by long sub-titles), often in serial form, as in his A Rake's Progress , first painted in 1732–33, then engraved and published in print form in 1735. Spain had

392-737: A major work by the French painter Gustave Courbet , After Dinner at Ornans (1849). Famous Russian realist painters like Pavel Fedotov , Vasily Perov , and Ilya Repin also produced genre paintings. In Germany, Carl Spitzweg (1808–85) specialized in gently humorous genre scenes, and in Italy Gerolamo Induno (1825–90) painted scenes of military life. Subsequently, the Impressionists , as well as such 20th-century artists as Pierre Bonnard , Itshak Holtz , Edward Hopper , and David Park painted scenes of daily life. But in

441-561: A moral theme or a religious scene in the background in the first half of the 16th century. These were part of a pattern of " Mannerist inversion" in Antwerp painting, giving "low" elements previously in the decorative background of images prominent emphasis. Joachim Patinir expanded his landscapes , making the figures a small element, and Pieter Aertsen painted works dominated by spreads of still life food and genre figures of cooks or market-sellers, with small religious scenes in spaces in

490-434: A more modern type of genre painting. Japanese ukiyo-e prints are rich in depictions of people at leisure and at work, as are Korean paintings, particularly those created in the 18th century. While genre painting began, in the 17th century, with representations by Europeans of European life, the invention and early development of photography coincided with the most expansive and aggressive era of European imperialism, in

539-603: A number of historical paintings for Christiansborg Palace , as well as altarpieces . His best known works are portraits of the Copenhagen middle class , such as the "Nathanson family picture" (Det Nathansonske Familiebillede), 1818, and the official portrait of Frederick VI ( Frederik VI ). In spite of his abilities in this genre, his career in portraiture was short-lived, due to the competition he received from then popular Christian Albrecht Jensen . Marine paintings were another genre he developed with great interest. He had

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588-633: A passion for ships, and sailed around the Skagerrak , the Kattegat , the North Sea , and as far as the English Channel at the age of 56. The experience of sailing out on the open seas gave new dimension to his marine paintings, which until that point tended to be calm depictions. Now there was more attention given to movement and to waves. The Admiralty in 1819 had granted him free access to

637-445: A son, Erling Carl Vilhelm Eckersberg, who had been born to her. Erling eventually followed in his father's footsteps with an academy education, and a career as a copperplate engraver . Eager to travel, not only on account of his desire to stretch his artistic skills and knowledge, but also in order to escape the reality of his marriage, he made other arrangements for the financial support needed that would allow him to travel. On 3 July,

686-468: A symbolic pose that is based on a lewd engraving by Gillis van Breen (1595–1622), with the same scene. The merry company showed a group of figures at a party, whether making music at home or just drinking in a tavern. Other common types of scenes showed markets or fairs, village festivities ("kermesse"), or soldiers in camp. In Italy , a "school" of genre painting was stimulated by the arrival in Rome of

735-832: A table, listening to a missionary's message. Light filters in through a small window and an open door. It is a study of contemporary daily life, carefully depicting the interior and costumes of the people in detail. The painting was donated to the Danish National Gallery ( Statens Museum for Kunst ) in 1871. He married Hansine Marie Hansen on 21 August 1857. The newlyweds purchased a house in Frederiksberg . Their circle of social acquaintances included Constantin Hansen , Niels Lauritz Høyen , Wilhelm Marstrand , P.C. Skovgaard , Vilhelm Kyhn , Godtfred Rump , Frederik Vermehren and Julius Exner . Dalsgaard received

784-603: A tradition predating The Book of Good Love of social observation and commentary based on the Old Roman Latin tradition, practiced by many of its painters and illuminators . At the height of the Spanish Empire and the beginning of its slow decline, many picaresque genre scenes of street life—as well as the kitchen scenes known as bodegones —were painted by the artists of The Spanish Golden Age , notably Velázquez (1599–1660) and Murillo (1617–82). More than

833-540: A visiting landscape painter, encouraged the young artist and convinced his parents of their son's talent. Later that year he traveled to Copenhagen and began his art studies at the Royal Danish Academy of Art ( Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi ) in October 1841. In December 1841 he began private studies with painter Martinus Rørbye . These lessons continued until 1847. In 1843 he began his studies at

882-456: Is a self-portrait from 1803, a bust of him by Thorvaldsen from 1816 and a portrait by Marstrand from 1836. Among his students were: [REDACTED] Media related to Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg at Wikimedia Commons Genre works The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts , especially from the Rococo of

931-429: Is typical of his style. The picture features a young woman standing in an open doorway looking off to one side. One foot is on the door frame, and one foot is on the ground outside. The interior is dark and shadowed. The outside is a sunlit agrarian landscape. The title of the painting refers to her inner dialogue. In 1890 he finished the first of twenty-one small Bible pictures, a project which he continued to work on for

980-676: The Labours of the Months in the calendar section of books of hours , most famously Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry . The Low Countries dominated the field until the 18th century, and in the 17th century both Flemish Baroque painting and Dutch Golden Age painting produced numerous specialists who mostly painted genre scenes. In the previous century, the Flemish Renaissance painter Jan Sanders van Hemessen painted innovative large-scale genre scenes, sometimes including

1029-667: The Royal Danish Academy of Art ( Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi ) in Copenhagen . Still under apprenticeship, Eckersberg produced proficient drawings and paintings. Having amassed some money, including financial support from local well-wishers, he arrived at Copenhagen's Tollbooth on 23 May 1803. He was accepted into the Academy without payment in 1803, where he studied with Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard , among others. He made good progress, painting historical paintings , portraits and landscapes . However, friction between him and Abildgaard impeded his advancement, and he did not win

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1078-601: The bourgeoisie , or middle class . Genre themes appear in nearly all art traditions. Painted decorations in ancient Egyptian tombs often depict banquets, recreation, and agrarian scenes, and Peiraikos is mentioned by Pliny the Elder as a Hellenistic panel painter of "low" subjects, such as survive in mosaic versions and provincial wall-paintings at Pompeii : "barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects". Medieval illuminated manuscripts often illustrated scenes of everyday peasant life, especially in

1127-825: The southern part of Jutland in Denmark ), to Henrik Vilhelm Eckersberg, a painter and carpenter , and Ingeborg Nielsdatter. In 1786 the family moved to Blans, a village near the Alssund , where he enjoyed drawing pictures of the surrounding countryside, and taking sailing tours in his father's boat. After confirmation he began his training as a painter under church and portrait painter Jes Jessen of Aabenraa (1797–1800). He continued his training at age 17 under Josiah Jacob Jessen in Flensborg , where he became an apprentice in May 1800. He, however, had his sights set on being accepted at

1176-518: The Academy's Neuhausen's prize ( Neuhausens præmie ) in both 1859 and 1861. He began teaching drawing at Sorø Academy in 1862. Upon being selected, he became a member of the Academy of Art in 1872. He exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris for the first time in 1878. He painted his famous painting "I wonder when he will come home" ( Mon han dog ikke skulle komme? ) in 1879. This painting

1225-416: The Academy's big gold medal until 1809, after Abildgaard's death. He also worked to earn living money as a hand labourer, and he made drawings for copperplate etchings . Although he received promise of a travel stipend in conjunction with the gold medal, the actual funds would not be made available until 1812. On 1 July 1810, he married E. Christine Rebecca Hyssing against his wishes, in order to 'legitimize'

1274-491: The Antique in order to find Truth. It was here that he developed a lifelong friendship with his Paris roommate and fellow artist Jens Peter Møller , and with engraver Johan Frederik Clemens , Jens Juel 's collaborator. After two years he travelled further via Florence to Rome where he continued his studies between 1813 and 1816. He worked on improving his skills as a history painter , and enjoyed painting smaller studies of

1323-589: The Copenhagen Naval Station ( Holmen ), thus giving him occasion to view the many ships – a favorite motive in his paintings. During summer, the sailors would practice swimming here – of course they swam naked . This gave Eckersberg a unique opportunity to watch men in a state of complete undress and to make an artistic evaluation of their physical build. He could thus here select the models whom he needed for his paintings with motives from Greek or Roman antiquity. His biggest contribution to painting

1372-516: The Dutch painter Pieter van Laer in 1625. He acquired the nickname "Il Bamboccio" and his followers were called the Bamboccianti , whose works would inspire Giacomo Ceruti , Antonio Cifrondi , and Giuseppe Maria Crespi among many others. Louis le Nain was an important exponent of genre painting in 17th-century France, painting groups of peasants at home, where the 18th century would bring

1421-536: The Low Countries during the 17th century. The generally small scale of these artists' paintings was appropriate for their display in the homes of middle class purchasers. Often the subject of a genre painting was based on a popular emblem from an emblem book . This can give the painting a double meaning, such as in Gabriel Metsu 's The Poultry seller , 1662 , showing an old man offering a rooster in

1470-582: The United States include George Caleb Bingham , William Sidney Mount , and Eastman Johnson . Harry Roseland focused on scenes of poor African Americans in the post- American Civil War South, and John Rogers (1829–1904) was a sculptor whose small genre works, mass-produced in cast plaster, were immensely popular in America. The works of American painter Ernie Barnes (1938–2009) and those of illustrator Norman Rockwell (1894–1978) could exemplify

1519-446: The academy freehand drawing school, and the following year at the academy plaster school. Home during the summer and holidays, he busied himself by filling sketchbooks with studies of the local landscape, costumes, and way of life. These formed a lifelong basis for his art. He also began collecting local folk costumes, another lifelong interest. In 1844 Dalsgaard came under the influence of the art historian Niels Lauritz Høyen , who gave

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1568-548: The background. Pieter Brueghel the Elder made peasants and their activities, very naturalistically treated, the subject of many of his paintings, and genre painting was to flourish in Northern Europe in Brueghel's wake. Adriaen and Isaac van Ostade , Jan Steen , Adriaen Brouwer , David Teniers , Aelbert Cuyp , Johannes Vermeer and Pieter de Hooch were among the many painters specializing in genre subjects in

1617-481: The church in his hometown of Skive. He went on to paint a number of other altarpieces in the years to come. He had his big breakthrough in 1856 with the painting Mormoner på besøg hos en tømrer på landet ("Mormons visit a country carpenter"). The painting, created only six years after the missionaries ' arrival in Denmark, is set in the shadowed interior of a provincial cottage. A group of people are gathered around

1666-569: The context of modern art the term "genre painting" has come to be associated mainly with painting of an especially anecdotal or sentimental nature, painted in a traditionally realistic technique. The first true genre painter in the United States was the German immigrant John Lewis Krimmel , who learning from Wilkie and Hogarth, produced gently humorous scenes of life in Philadelphia from 1812 to 1821. Other notable 19th-century genre painters from

1715-420: The death of Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard in 1809. The Academy had waited to fill the position until Eckersberg returned to Denmark from his student travels, while delaying the attempts by Abildgaard's disciple, Christian Fædder Høyer, and by Christian Gotlieb Kratzenstein-Stub and J. L. Lund to seek the same position. Finally the Academy awarded the position not only to Eckersberg, but also to Lund. A year after

1764-420: The death of his wife Elisabeth in 1827, he married her sister Susanne Henriette Emilie Juel, with whom he also had several children. He was director of the Academy from 1827 to 1829. His eyesight failed him in later life and he had to give up painting. He died in Copenhagen of cholera on 22 July 1853 during the great epidemic. He is buried in Copenhagen's Assistens Cemetery . Eckersberg was commissioned to do

1813-592: The early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain , furniture, wallpaper , and textiles. Genre painting , also called genre scene or petit genre , depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities. One common definition of a genre scene is that it shows figures to whom no identity can be attached either individually or collectively—thus distinguishing petit genre from history paintings (also called grand genre ) and portraits . A work would often be considered as

1862-786: The grasslands of Jutland . He paid great attention to details – folk costumes, the manners and habits of the people, and architecture and landscape. He was a storyteller. His artistic works, as well as those of his contemporaries, opened the way for more realistic paintings in the late 1800s. A collection of his work can be found at the Skive Art Museum. Other paintings can be found at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen, among other museums. [REDACTED] Media related to Christen Dalsgaard at Wikimedia Commons Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (2 January 1783 – 22 July 1853)

1911-439: The life around them. Realists such as Gustave Courbet (1819–77) upset expectations by depicting everyday scenes in huge paintings—at the scale traditionally reserved for "important" subjects—thus blurring the boundary which had set genre painting apart as a "minor" category. History painting itself shifted from the exclusive depiction of events of great public importance to the depiction of genre scenes in historical times, both

1960-496: The local life and area. He lived there three years among a large group of artists, with Bertel Thorvaldsen as the cultural head. Eckersberg and Thorvaldsen developed a close lasting relationship, and the master served the younger Eckersberg as both loyal friend and advisor. Eckersberg painted one of his best portraits, a portrait of Thorvaldsen, in Rome in 1814, which was donated to the Academy of Art. Life in Rome agreed with him, and he

2009-438: The mid-to-late 19th century, and so genre photographs, typically made in the proximity of military, scientific and commercial expeditions, often also depict the people of other cultures that Europeans encountered throughout the world. Although the distinctions are not clear, genre works should be distinguished from ethnographic studies , which are pictorial representations resulting from direct observation and descriptive study of

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2058-659: The next ten years. He was named a professor at the Academy of Art in 1892, and quit his position at Sorø Academy. He died on 11 February 1907 in Sorø. In 1914 the artist's widow contributed a portion of his collection of folk costumes to the National Museum. She died in Sorø on 3 November of that same year. The National Museum acquired the remainder of the collection in 1921. Christen Dalsgaard, like his contemporaries Julius Exner and Frederik Vermehren, painted primarily genre paintings , national romantic folk scenes rooted in

2107-628: The private moments of great figures, and the everyday life of ordinary people. In French art this was known as the Troubador style . This trend, already apparent by 1817 when Ingres painted Henri IV Playing with His Children , culminated in the pompier art of French academicians such as Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904) and Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier (1815–91). In the second half of the century interest in genre scenes, often in historical settings or with pointed social or moral comment, greatly increased across Europe. William Powell Frith (1819–1909)

2156-526: The subject of his admissions painting the Norse legend, the Death of Baldur . On 8 February 1817 he wed Elisabeth Cathrine Julie Juel, daughter of Jens Juel, portrait painter and professor at the Academy. They had two sons and four daughters before her death in 1827. He was admitted as a member of the Academy in October 1817, and was named professor there in 1818, having assumed the vacant professorship left after

2205-736: Was a Danish painter. He was born in Blåkrog in the Duchy of Schleswig (now in Aabenraa Municipality , in the southern part of Jutland in Denmark). He went on to lay the foundation for the period of art known as the Golden Age of Danish Painting , and is referred to as the "Father of Danish painting". On 2 January 1783, Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was born in Blåkrog in the Duchy of Schleswig (now in Aabenraa Municipality , in

2254-463: Was a loyal follower of Høyen's artistic ideals, and forwent the customary journey to Italy, choosing rather to concentrate on themes closer to home. In March 1846 he began studying at the Academy's model school under professors Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg , J. L. Lund and Martinus Rørbye . He had his exhibition debut at Charlottenborg in 1847 and continued showing there every year with few exceptions. In 1855 he painted his first altarpiece at

2303-413: Was greatly affected by the bright southern light he experienced there. He produced a large body of work during those years, including a number of exceptional landscape studies. His divorce from Hyssing was finalized during his stay out of the country, and on 2 August 1816 he had returned to Denmark. Shortly after his return to Denmark Eckersberg arranged for his admission into the Academy, and received as

2352-598: Was perhaps the most famous English genre painter of the Victorian era, painting large and extremely crowded scenes; the expansion in size and ambition in 19th-century genre painting was a common trend. Other 19th-century English genre painters include Augustus Leopold Egg , Frederick Daniel Hardy , George Elgar Hicks , William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais . Scotland produced two influential genre painters, David Allan (1744–96) and Sir David Wilkie (1785–1841). Wilkie's The Cottar's Saturday Night (1837) inspired

2401-437: Was through his professorship at the Academy. He revitalized teaching by taking students out into the field, where they were challenged to do studies from nature. In this way it was he who introduced direct study from nature into Danish art. He also encouraged his students to develop their individual strengths, thus creating unique styles. He developed an increasing interest in perspective on account of his marine paintings. He wrote

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