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21-846: The Tangri River , also called the Dangri River , which originates in the Shivalik Hills , is a tributary of the Ghaggar River in the Haryana state of India . The Tangri river originates in the Shivalik hills on the border of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh State, and flows along the Haryana and Punjab border before meeting with the Ghaggar river at the confluence. The basin is classified in two parts, Khadir and Bangar ,

42-541: A mountain range of the outer Himalayas . The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva '. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and is also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture. The Sivalik Hills are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) from the Indus River eastwards close to

63-538: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to

84-865: The Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to

105-551: The Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then the Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As

126-707: The Brahmaputra River , spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent . It is 10–50 km (6.2–31.1 mi) wide with an average elevation of 1,500–2,000 m (4,900–6,600 ft). Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about 90 km (56 mi). They are well known for their Neogene and Pleistocene aged vertebrate fossils. Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to

147-804: The Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including the ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and

168-529: The Kurukshetra district and south of Mehmudpur Rurki in south Patiala district . The combined Dangir- Markanda stream merges with the Sarsuti River in northeast Kaithal district , east of Diwana and southwest of Adoya, before joining the Ghaggar river just east of Dhandota village near Kasoli town in northwest Kaithal. It is thereafter known as the Ghaggar . Further downstream on the banks of

189-543: The Middle Pleistocene , around 18 million to 600,000 years ago. Some of the best known fossils from the hills include Megalochelys atlas , the largest known tortoise to have ever existed, Sivatherium giganteum , the largest known giraffid , and the ape Sivapithecus . Remains of the Lower - Middle Paleolithic Soanian culture dating to around 500,000 to 125,000 years Before Present were found in

210-584: The Omla River . Several archaeologists have identified the old Ghaggar-Hakra River with the Sarasvati river , on the banks of which the Indus Valley civilisation developed. List of films , Chandrawal , Jagat Jakhar ) 30°13′N 76°43′E  /  30.217°N 76.717°E  / 30.217; 76.717 Siwalik Hills The Sivalik Hills , also known as Churia Hills , are

231-632: The Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas to their north; they are poorly consolidated. The sedimentary rocks comprising the hills are believed to be 16–5.2 million years old. They are bounded on the south by a fault system called the Main Frontal Thrust, with steeper slopes on that side. Below this,

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252-791: The Ghaggar stands an old derelict fort at Sirsa town named Sarsuti. After the Ottu barrage , the Ghaggar river is called the Hakra River and in Sindh it is called the Nara River. The order of rivers from left to right is the Ghaggar, Dangri, Markanda and Sarsuti. Further left to the right, the Chautang and Somb rivers are tributaries of the Yamuna. It is believed that Sarsuti is a corruption of

273-746: The Morni Hills) near Chajju Majra, south of Kharar . Near Panjokhra, southeast of Ambala, the Tangri River divides into two streams that flow north and south of Ambala. Further downstream near Segti and Segta villages, the Tangri River joins its tributary called the Amri River (also known as the Dadri River and the Shahzadpur Wali River , which originates near Rataur)) after Amri has already collected its own tributary called

294-934: The Sivalik region. Contemporary to the Acheulean , the Soanian culture is named after the Soan Valley in the Sivalik Hills of Pakistan . The Soanian archaeological culture is found across Sivalik region in present-day India, Nepal and Pakistan. The carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates of the Churia forests differ among different forest management regimes and are highest in protected areas. 27°46′N 82°24′E  /  27.767°N 82.400°E  / 27.767; 82.400 Mountain range Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within

315-627: The air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion

336-579: The coarse alluvial Bhabar zone makes the transition to the nearly level plains. Rainfall, especially during the summer monsoon , percolates into the Bhabar, then is forced to the surface by finer alluvial layers below it in a zone of springs and marshes along the northern edge of the Terai or plains. The Sivalik Hills are well known for fossils of vertebrates, spanning from the Early Miocene , until

357-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,

378-710: The higher area that is not flooded in rainy season is called Bangar and the lower flood-prone area is called Khadar . The Dangri or Tangri is a stream that rises in the Morni Hills of the Siwalik Hills of south-eastern Himachal Pradesh in India, and flows for 70 km in Haryana. It joins the Markanda River (Haryana) at the Haryana-Punjab border north of Sadhpur Viran in the northwest of

399-627: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include

420-531: The same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology . They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or

441-821: The word Sarasvati and that the 6–8 km wide channel of the Sarsuti–Ghaggar system might have once been the Sarasvati River mentioned in the Rig Veda . This Sarsuti channel is currently being revived by the Government of Haryana as the ancient Sarasvat river. Originating from the Morni Hills, the Tangri joins its southern tributary called the Balaiali River (which originates near the south of

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