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43-476: The lyrics were written in 1819 by Adam Oehlenschläger and bore the motto in Latin : Ille terrarum mihi praeter omnes angulus ridet ( Horace : "This corner of the earth smiles for me more than any other"). The music was composed in 1835 by Hans Ernst Krøyer . Later, Thomas Laub and Carl Nielsen , each composed alternative melodies, but neither has gained widespread adoption, and today they are mostly unknown to

86-700: A royal anthem in the European fashion for the Kingdom of Vietnam . Following the reinstating of La Marseillaise in 1830 , in the wake of the July Revolution , as the national anthem of France, it became common for newly formed nations to define national anthems, notably as a result of the Latin American wars of independence , for Argentina (1813), Peru (1821), Brazil (1831) but also Belgium (1830). Consequently, adoption of national anthems prior to

129-553: A dramatic sketch ( April the Second 1801 ), the first work of the kind by his pen that we possess. In the summer of 1802, when Oehlenschläger had an old Scandinavian romance , as well as a volume of lyrics in the press, the young Norse philosopher, Henrik Steffens (1773–1845), returned to Copenhagen after a long visit to Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854) in Germany. He was full of new romantic ideas. His lectures at

172-429: A somewhat hasty volume of poems, published in 1803, now chiefly remembered as containing the piece called Sanct Hansaften-Spil . The next two years saw the production of several exquisite works, in particular the epic of Thors Reise til Jotunheim , the poem in hexameters called Langelandsreisen , and the bewitching fantasy Aladdin (1805). At the age of twenty-six, Oehlenschläger was universally recognised, even by

215-458: A wide array of contexts. Certain etiquette may be involved in the playing of a country's anthem. These usually involve military honours, standing up, removing headwear etc. In diplomatic situations the rules may be very formal. There may also be royal anthems , presidential anthems , state anthems etc. for special occasions. They are played on national holidays and festivals, and have also come to be closely connected with sporting events. Wales

258-404: Is a land we love with shady beech-trees aspread 𝄆 The briny shores above. 𝄇 Its hills and valleys gently fall, 'Tis the name of ol' Denmark, 𝄆 'Tis good ol' Freya's hall. 𝄇 There in the days of yore Sat armoured giants rested 𝄆 'Tween their frays of gore 𝄇 Then they went forth the foe to face, Now found in stone-set barrows, 𝄆 Their final resting place. 𝄇 This land

301-694: Is defined by being officially designated as the national song of a particular state, then La Marseillaise , which was officially adopted by the French National Convention in 1796 , would qualify as the first official national anthem. The Olympic Charter of 1920 introduced the ritual of playing the national anthems of the gold medal winners. From this time, the playing of national anthems became increasingly popular at international sporting events, creating an incentive for such nations that did not yet have an officially defined national anthem to introduce one. The United States introduced

344-550: Is not much like a German poet, except when he is consciously following Goethe; his analogy is rather to be found among English poets than his contemporaries. [REDACTED] Category National anthem A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation . The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American , Central Asian , and European nations tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in

387-576: Is still as fair, The sea is blue around it, 𝄆 And peace is cherished there. 𝄇 Strong men and noble women still Uphold their country's honour 𝄆 With faithfulness and skill. 𝄇 Hail king and fatherland! Hail citizens of honour, 𝄆 Who do the best they can. 𝄇 Our ancient Denmark shall remain, As long as beech tops mirror 𝄆 In waves of blue their chain! 𝄇 Adam Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈɛːtɑm ˈkʌtlʌp ˈøˀln̩ˌsleːjɐ] ; 14 November 1779 – 20 January 1850)

430-466: Is unknown and disputed. Very few countries have a national anthem written by a world-renowned composer. Exceptions include Germany, whose anthem " Das Lied der Deutschen " uses a melody written by Joseph Haydn , and Austria, whose national anthem " Land der Berge, Land am Strome " is sometimes credited to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . The music of the " Pontifical Anthem ", anthem of the Vatican City,

473-497: Is used for sign-ons and closedowns instead). The use of a national anthem outside of its country, however, is dependent on the international recognition of that country. For instance, Taiwan has not been recognized by the International Olympic Committee as a separate nation since 1979 and must compete as Chinese Taipei ; its " National Banner Song " is used instead of its national anthem . In Taiwan,

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516-579: The Dutch Revolt , it was already a popular orangist hymn during the 17th century, though it would take until 1932 for it to be officially recognized as the Dutch national anthem. The lyrics of the Japanese national anthem, Kimigayo , predate those of the Dutch anthem by several centuries, being taken from a Heian period (794–1185) poem, but were not set to music until 1880 . If a national anthem

559-647: The Middle East , Oceania , Africa , and the Caribbean use a more simplistic fanfare . Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom , Russia , and the Soviet Union ); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states . In

602-833: The early modern period , some European monarchies adopted royal anthems . Some of these anthems have survived into current use. " God Save the King/Queen ", first performed in 1619, remains the royal anthem of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms . La Marcha Real , adopted as the royal anthem of the Spanish monarchy in 1770, was adopted as the national anthem of Spain in 1939. Denmark retains its royal anthem, Kong Christian stod ved højen mast (1780) alongside its national anthem ( Der er et yndigt land , adopted 1835). In 1802, Gia Long commissioned

645-498: The tragedies of Erik og Abel (1820) and Væringerne i Miklagaard (1826), and the epic of Hrolf Krake (1829). His last volumes were Tordenskjold (1833), Dronning Margrethe (1833), Sokrates (1835), Olaf den Hellige (1836), Knud den Store (1838), Dina (1842), Erik Glipping (1843), and Kiartan og Gudrun (1847). After his death his Recollections (1850) were published in two volumes. Adam Oehlenschläger married Christiane Georgine Elisabeth Heger (1782-1841) in 1810. She

688-534: The 1805 edition; this revised version was published in Amsterdam in 1808. Ferruccio Busoni later used the text of this translation for the last (choral) movement of his Piano Concerto Op. 39 . Later editions of Oehlenschläger's play do not contain this text. In July 1808 he left Paris and spent the autumn and winter in Switzerland as the guest of Madame de Staël at Coppet , in the midst of her salon. In

731-615: The 1930s was mostly by newly formed or newly independent states, such as the First Portuguese Republic ( A Portuguesa , 1911), the Kingdom of Greece (" Hymn to Liberty ", 1865), the First Philippine Republic ( Marcha Nacional Filipina , 1898), Lithuania ( Tautiška giesmė , 1919), Weimar Germany ( Deutschlandlied , 1922), Ireland ( Amhrán na bhFiann , 1926) and Greater Lebanon (" Lebanese National Anthem ", 1927). Though

774-629: The United Kingdom ( God Save the King ) and Sweden ( Du gamla, Du fria ; the country also has a royal anthem, Kungssangen ). Countries that have moved to officially adopt de iure their long-standing de facto anthems since the 1990s include: Luxembourg ( Ons Heemecht , adopted 1993), South Africa ( National anthem of South Africa , adopted 1997), Israel ( Hatikvah , composed 1888, de facto use from 1948, adopted 2004) and Italy ( Il Canto degli Italiani , composed 1847, de facto use from 1946, adopted 2017). National anthems are used in

817-497: The age of nine, Oehlenschläger began to write fluent verses . Three years later, he attracted the notice of the poet Edvard Storm (1749–1794) and as a result Öhlenschläger received an introduction into Scandinavian mythology . Oehlenschläger was confirmed in 1795, and was to have been apprenticed to a tradesman in Copenhagen. He also entered the stage where he was offered a small position. In 1797 he made his appearance on

860-401: The best-known national anthems were written by little-known or unknown composers such as Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle , composer of " La Marseillaise " and John Stafford Smith who wrote the tune for " The Anacreontic Song ", which became the tune for the U.S. national anthem, " The Star-Spangled Banner ". The author of "God Save the King", one of the oldest and best-known anthems in the world,

903-639: The boards in several successive parts, but soon discovered that he possessed no real histrionic talent. Jurist Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1778–1860) who would later marry his sister Sophie, persuaded him to quit the theatre, and in 1800 he entered the University of Copenhagen . He was disturbed in his studies by the death of his mother, by his inveterate occupation with poetry, and finally by the First Battle of Copenhagen in April 1801, which, however, inspired

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946-1919: The civil national anthem. On official and military occasions, "Kong Christian" is performed alone, or the two national anthems are played together. [REDACTED] In certain situations, such as sporting events, only the first verse (or stanza ) and the last three lines of the fourth verse are sung. Der er et yndigt land, Det står med brede bøge 𝄆 Nær salten østerstrand. 𝄇 Det bugter sig i bakke, dal, Det hedder gamle Danmark 𝄆 Og det er Frejas sal. 𝄇 Der sad i fordums tid De harniskklædte kæmper, 𝄆 Udhvilede fra strid. 𝄇 Så drog de frem til fjenders mén, Nu hvile deres bene 𝄆 Bag højens bautasten. 𝄇 Det land endnu er skønt, Thi blå sig søen bælter, 𝄆 Og løvet står så grønt. 𝄇 Og ædle kvinder, skønne møer Og mænd og raske svende 𝄆 Bebo de danskes øer. 𝄇 Hil drot og fædreland! Hil hver en danneborger, 𝄆 Som virker, hvad han kan! 𝄇 Vort gamle Danmark skal bestå, Så længe bøgen spejler 𝄆 Sin top i bølgen blå. 𝄇 [tɛɐ̯ ɛɐ̯ e̝t ˈøn.tit lænˀ |] [te̝ ˈstɒˀ með ˈpʁeː.ðə ˈpøː.jə ‖] 𝄆 [nɛɐ̯ˀ ˈsæl.tən ˈøs.tɐ.ˌstʁɑnˀ |] 𝄇 [te̝ ˈpɔk.tɐ sɑj i ˈpɑ.kə tɛˀl ‖] [te̝ ˈhe̝.ðˀɐ ˈkɑm.lə ˈtæn.mɑk |] 𝄆 [ʌ te̝ ɛɐ̯ ˈfʁɑ.jæs sɛˀl ‖] 𝄇 [tɛɐ̯ sæðˀ i ˈfɒː.tɔms tsʰiðˀ |] [ti ˈhɑː.nisk.ˌkʰleˀ.tə ˈkʰem.pɐ ‖] 𝄆 [ˈuð.ˌviˀ.lə.ðə fʁɑ stʁiðˀ |] 𝄇 [sʌ tʁoˀ ti fʁæmˀ tsʰe̝l ˈfje.nɐs me̝ˀn ‖] [nu ˈviː.lə ˈtɛɐ̯.ɐs ˈpe̝ː.nə |] 𝄆 [pɛˀj ˈhʌ.jəns ˈpɑw.tæ.ˌste̝ˀn ‖] 𝄇 [te̝ lænˀ e.ˈnu ɛɐ̯ skœnˀt |] [tsʰi plɔˀ sɑj søˀ.jən ˈpel.tɐ ‖] 𝄆 [ʌ(w) ˈløˀ.vəð stɒˀ sʌ kʁɶnˀt |] 𝄇 [ʌ(w) ˈɛˀð.lə ˈkve̝.nɐ skœ.nə møˀɐ ‖] [ʌ(w) menˀ ʌ(w) ˈʁɑs.kə ˈsve.nə |] 𝄆 [pe̝.ˈpoˀ ti ˈtæns.kəs øˀɐ ‖] 𝄇 [hilˀ tʁʌt ʌ(w) ˈfeð.ʁɐ.ˌlænˀ |] [hilˀ vɛɐ̯ˀ e̝n ˈtæ.nə.ˌpɒː.wɐ ‖] 𝄆 [sʌm ˈviɐ̯.kɐ væð hæn kʰænˀ |] 𝄇 [vɒːt ˈkɑm.lə ˈtæn.mɑk ˈskæl pe̝.ˈstɔˀ ‖] [sʌ ˈle.ŋə ˈpøː.jən ˈspɑj.lɐ |] 𝄆 [sin tsʰʌp i ˈpøl.jən plɔˀ ‖] 𝄇 There

989-406: The country generally). Various solutions may be used when countries with different national anthems compete in a unified team. When North Korea and South Korea participated together in the 2018 Winter Olympics , the folk song " Arirang ", beloved on both sides of the border and seen as a symbol of Korea as a whole, was used as an anthem instead of the national anthem of either state. Most of

1032-564: The country's national anthem is sung before instead of during flag-rising and flag-lowering , followed by the National Banner Song during the actual flag-rising and flag-lowering. Even within a state, the state's citizenry may interpret the national anthem differently (such as in the United States some view the U.S. national anthem as representing respect for dead soldiers and policemen whereas others view it as honouring

1075-547: The custom of an officially adopted national anthem became popular in the 19th century, some national anthems predate this period, often existing as patriotic songs long before their designation as national anthem. If an anthem is defined as consisting of both a melody and lyrics, then the oldest national anthem in use today is the national anthem of the Netherlands, the Wilhelmus . Written between 1568 and 1572 during

1118-452: The cycle of verse-romances called Helge , published in 1814. The tragedy of Hagbarth og Signe , (1815), showed a distinct diminution of his powers. In 1817 he returned to Paris, and published Hroars Saga and the tragedy of Fostbrødrene . In 1818 he was again in Copenhagen, and wrote the idyll of Den lille Hyrdedreng and the Eddaic cycle called Nordens Guder . His next productions were

1161-429: The general population. When it was first published, the national anthem had twelve verses, but later editions shortened it to the first, third, fifth, and last verses. Denmark is one of only two countries in the world — the other being New Zealand – with two official national anthems. Officially, " Kong Christian stod ved højen mast " is a national and a royal anthem ; it has equal status with "Der er et yndigt land",

1204-470: The host nation's anthem being played last. In some countries, the national anthem is played to students each day at the start and/or end of school as an exercise in patriotism, such as in Tanzania. In other countries the state anthem may be played in a theatre before a play or in a cinema before a movie. Many radio and television stations have adopted this and play the national anthem when they sign on in

1247-604: The morning and again when they sign off at night. For instance, the national anthem of China is played before the broadcast of evening news on Hong Kong's local television stations including TVB Jade . In Colombia, it is a law to play the National Anthem at 6:00 and 18:00 on every public radio and television station, while in Thailand, " Phleng Chat Thai " is played at 08:00 and 18:00 nationwide (the Royal Anthem

1290-403: The national anthem of Singapore. None were deemed suitable. The tune eventually selected was (and still is) the anthem of the constituent state of Perak , which was in turn adopted from a popular French melody titled "La Rosalie" composed by the lyricist Pierre-Jean de Béranger . A few anthems have words by Nobel laureates in literature . The first Asian laureate, Rabindranath Tagore , wrote

1333-497: The opponents of the romantic revival, as the leading poet of Denmark . He now collected his Poetical Writings in two volumes. He found no difficulty in obtaining a grant for foreign travel from the government, and he left Denmark for the first time, joining Steffens at the University of Halle in August 1805. Here he wrote the first of his great historical tragedies, Hakon Jarl , which he sent off to Copenhagen, and then proceeded for

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1376-411: The patriotic song The Star-Spangled Banner as a national anthem in 1931. Following this, several nations moved to adopt as official national anthem patriotic songs that had already been in de facto use at official functions, such as Mexico ( Mexicanos, al grito de guerra , composed 1854, adopted 1943) and Switzerland (" Swiss Psalm ", composed 1841, de facto use from 1961, adopted 1981). By

1419-523: The period of decolonisation in the 1960s, it had become common practice for newly independent nations to adopt an official national anthem. Some of these anthems were specifically commissioned, such as the anthem of Kenya, Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu , produced by a dedicated "Kenyan Anthem Commission" in 1963. A number of nations remain without an official national anthem adopted de jure . In these cases, there are established de facto anthems played at sporting events or diplomatic receptions. These include

1462-495: The poetry and religion of their ancestors. He supplied his countrymen with romantic tragedies at a time when all eyes were turned to the stage. His plays fulfilled the stage requirements of the day, and were popular beyond all expectation. He performed to an extent that his name remains to this day synonymous with Scandinavian romance. The earliest are the best: Oehlenschlager's dramatic masterpiece being his first tragedy, Hakon Jarl . Although his inspiration came from Germany, he

1505-556: The second with Schiller. From this time forward his literary activity became very great; in 1811 he published the Oriental tale of Ali og Gulhyndi , and in 1812 the last of his great tragedies, Stærkodder . From 1814 to 1819 his admirers were engaged in a long and angry controversy with Baggesen , who represented the old didactic school. This contest seems to have disturbed the peace of Oehlenschläger's mind and to have undermined his genius. His talent may be said to have culminated in

1548-435: The spring of 1809, Oehlenschläger went to Rome to visit Bertel Thorvaldsen , and in his house wrote the tragedy of Correggio. He hurriedly returned to Denmark in the spring of 1810, partly to take the chair of aesthetics at the University of Copenhagen , partly to marry the sister-in-law of Knud Lyne Rahbek , to whom he had been long betrothed. His first course of lectures dealt with his Danish predecessor Johannes Ewald ,

1591-457: The university, in which Goethe and Schiller were revealed to the Danish public for the first time, created a great sensation. Steffens and Oehlenschläger met one day resulting in a conversation of sixteen hours. After Oehlenschläger returned home, he wrote at a sitting his poem Guldhornene , in a manner totally new to Danish literature. The result of his new enthusiasm speedily showed itself in

1634-789: The winter months to Berlin , where he associated with Wilhelm von Humboldt , Johann Gottlieb Fichte and met Goethe for the first time. In the spring of 1806 he went on to Weimar , where he spent several months in daily intercourse with Goethe. Autumn of that year was passed with Tieck in Dresden , and he proceeded in December to Paris . Here he resided eighteen months and wrote his three famous masterpieces, Baldur hin Gode (1808), Palnatoke (1809), and Axel og Valborg (1810). Oehlenschläger had also made his own translation of Aladdin into German, adding some new material which does not appear in

1677-511: The words and music of " Jana Gana Mana " and " Amar Shonar Bangla ", later adopted as the national anthems of India and Bangladesh respectively. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson wrote the lyrics for the Norwegian national anthem " Ja, vi elsker dette landet ". Other countries had their anthems composed by locally important people. This is the case for Colombia, whose anthem's lyrics were written by former president and poet Rafael Nuñez , who also wrote

1720-742: Was a Danish poet and playwright. He introduced romanticism into Danish literature . He wrote the lyrics to the song Der er et yndigt land , which is one of the national anthems of Denmark. He was born in Vesterbro , then a suburb of Copenhagen . His father, Joachim Conrad Oehlenschläger (1748–1827) was at that time organist of Frederiksberg Church and later, keeper of the royal palace of Frederiksberg . The poet's mother Martha Marie Hansen (1745–1800) suffered from depression , which afterwards deepened into melancholy madness. Oehlenschläger and his sister Sophie Ørsted (1782–1818) were taught only to read and write, until their twelfth year. At

1763-807: Was composed in 1869 by Charles Gounod , for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius IX 's priestly ordination. When Armenia was under Soviet rule, its anthem, the " Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic " used a melody by Aram Khachaturian . The committee charged with choosing a national anthem for the Federation of Malaya (later Malaysia) at independence decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration, including Benjamin Britten , William Walton , Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said , who later composed " Majulah Singapura ",

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1806-490: Was the first country to adopt this, during a rugby game against New Zealand in 1905. Since then during sporting competitions, such as the Olympic Games , the national anthem of the gold medal winner is played at each medal ceremony ; also played before games in many sports leagues, since being adopted in baseball during World War II. When teams from two nations play each other, the anthems of both nations are played,

1849-504: Was the sister of Kamma Rahbek (1775–1829), the wife of Knud Lyne Rahbek (1760–1830). Oehlenschläger died 20 January 1850 and was buried in the cemetery of Frederiksberg Church . Adam Oehlenschläger was one of the principal pioneers of the romantic movement in Europe. With the exception of Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), no Danish writer before 1870 has exercised so wide an influence. His work awoke among his countrymen an enthusiasm for

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