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51-461: Venstre ( V ; Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ] , lit.   ' Left ' ), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party ), is a conservative-liberal , agrarian political party in Denmark . Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy , today it espouses an economically liberal , pro- free-market ideology . Venstre

102-551: A laissez-faire economy as well as socially conservative principles (for instance, Christian family values ). Since classical liberal institutions were gradually accepted by conservatives, there is very little to distinguish liberal conservatives from conservative liberals. Neoconservatism has also been identified as an ideological relative or twin to conservative liberalism, and some similarities exist also between conservative liberalism and national liberalism . Conservative liberalism emerged in late 18th-century France and

153-569: A grand coalition government led by Social Democrat leader Mette Frederiksen , and also comprising the Moderates , a Venstre splinter formed by former Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen . Venstre is categorised as centre-right on the political spectrum , although it has been also described as centrist and right-wing . Ideologically, it has been described as conservative-liberal , liberal-conservative , liberal , conservative , classical-liberal , and agrarian . Additionally, Venstre takes

204-471: A nativist stance regarding immigration and asylum-seeking; they had also said that "immigrants should learn Danish and understand and respect Danish culture and traditions". Venstre is an economically liberal party within the Nordic agrarian tradition, and today is notably more pro– free market than its sister parties. Since the elections in 2001, Venstre has enacted a so-called "tax stop" in order to halt

255-630: A Council, on which each of them shall be represented." Accordingly, the North Atlantic Council was formed. Initially the Council consisted of NATO members' foreign ministers and met annually. In May 1950, the desire for closer coordination on a day-to-day basis led to the appointment of Council deputies, permanently based in London and overseeing the workings of the organization. Deputies were given full decision-making authority within

306-531: A deep sympathy for the politics of the Greek polis , the Roman Republic , and Christian monarchies. But, as realists, conservative liberals acknowledge that classical and medieval politics cannot be restored in the modern world. And, as moralists, they see that the modern experiment in liberty and self-government has the positive effect of enhancing human dignity as well as providing an opening (even in

357-702: A person who could fill the role of secretary general. The position was first offered to Oliver Franks , the British ambassador to the United States, but he declined. Then, on March 12, 1952, the North Atlantic Council selected Hastings Ismay , a general from the Second World War , and secretary of state for commonwealth relations in the British cabinet as secretary general. Unlike later secretaries general who served as chairman of

408-652: A result of the Suez Crisis, which had strained intra-alliance relations, the council issued a resolution to allow the secretary general "to offer his good offices informally at any time to member governments involved in a dispute and with their consent to initiate or facilitate procedures of inquiry, mediation, conciliation, or arbitration." The NATO countries selected the first secretary general on 4 April 1952. Since that time, twelve different diplomats have served officially as secretary general. Eight countries have been represented, with three secretaries general hailing from

459-525: Is "conservative sociology with liberal politics." The neoconservatives recognize that the politics of free and rational individuals depends upon a pre-political social world that is far from free and rational as a whole. Secretary General of NATO The current secretary general is former Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte , who took office on 1 October 2024. Article 9 of the North Atlantic Treaty requires NATO members to "establish

510-689: Is a mainstream European conservative ideology, so there are cases where it supports free markets , such as Röpke. Alexis de Tocqueville and Adolphe Thiers were representative French conservative liberals. They were classified as centre-left liberals (progressive- Orléanists ) during the July Monarchy alone; after the French Revolution of 1848 , the now French Second Republic entered and they were relegated to conservative liberals. Before World War II , conservative liberalism or right-liberalism ( German : Rechtsliberalismus )

561-447: Is an influential component of conservative-liberal thought, particularly in its German, British, French, Italian, and American manifestations. In general, liberal conservatism and conservative liberalism have different philosophical roots. Historically, liberal conservatism refers mainly to the case where conservatives embrace the elements of classical liberalism , and conservative liberalism refers to classical liberals who support

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612-414: Is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark , and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers . In the 2022 general elections , Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen , the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister . Since December 2022,

663-865: The Blue Dog Coalition is evaluated as close to conservative-liberal in fiscal policy, and as moderate to liberal on cultural issues. Unlike classical liberals, conservative liberals in Europe, such as Finland's Centre Party , sometimes criticize cultural liberalism. American neoconservatives might be classified as conservative liberals according to Peter Lawler , a professor at Berry College , who argued: [I]n America today, responsible liberals—who are usually called neoconservatives—see that liberalism depends on human beings who are somewhat child-centered, patriotic, and religious. These responsible liberals praise these non-individualistic human propensities in an effort to shore up liberalism. One of their slogans

714-527: The CDU , a liberal-conservative party. For this reason, the terms "conservative liberalism" are not often used in Germany . Ordoliberalism is more a variant of conservative liberalism than classical liberalism, which is economic liberalism that embraces cultural liberalism, or social liberalism, in principle because it is influenced by the notion of social justice based on traditional Catholic teachings. After

765-641: The Conservative People's Party and the Danish People's Party . For the first time since 1929 a liberal government was no longer dependent on the centre parties. Despite a small decline in both the 2005 general elections (29% and 52 seats) and the 2007 general elections (26.2% and 46 seats), the party remained the biggest and the coalition government continued. On 5 April 2009, Fogh Rasmussen resigned as chairman, instead serving as Secretary General of NATO . In his place Lars Løkke Rasmussen

816-889: The Defence Planning Committee and the Nuclear Planning Committee , two of NATO's important military organizations. The secretary general also leads the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council , the Mediterranean Cooperation Group , and serves as joint chairman of the Permanent Joint Council and the NATO-Ukraine Commission . In a second role, the secretary general leads the staff of NATO. He directs

867-737: The Renew Europe group with four MEPs. In the European Committee of the Regions , Venstre sits in the Renew Europe CoR group , with three full and two alternate members for the 2020–2025 mandate. National groups: * observer *associate member **observer Conservative liberalism Conservative liberalism , also referred to as right-liberalism , is a variant of liberalism combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or simply representing

918-536: The United Kingdom , when the moderate bourgeoisie supported the monarchy within the liberal camp. Representatively, Doctrinaires , which existed during the Bourbon Restoration was a representative conservative-liberal party. Radicalism, the leftward flank of liberalism during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that is referred to as classical radicalism , emerged as an opposition against

969-578: The classical liberal (then the standard left-wing ) ideology, the safeguarding of farmers' interests and opposition to the then right-wing classical conservative party Højre (literally "Right"). After the party in 1872 gained an absolute majority in the Folketing , it became the leading voice in the battle for parliamentarism , whereafter the party in 1895 split in two, Venstrereformpartiet ("Venstre Reform Party") and Det Moderate Venstre ("The Moderate Left"). In 1905, social liberal factions split from

1020-445: The common good , and natural rights ), Christianity (with its ideas of natural law , the social nature of man, and original sin ), and ancient institutions (such as common law , corporate bodies, and social hierarchies). This gives their liberalism a conservative foundation. It means following Socrates , Plato , Aristotle , St. Augustine , St. Thomas Aquinas , and Edmund Burke rather than Locke or Kant ; it usually includes

1071-416: The right-wing political position, liberal conservatism is often used to describe liberalism close to the political centre to the centre-right of the political spectrum . Social liberalism is a combination of economic Keynesianism and cultural liberalism . Classical liberalism is economic liberalism that partially embraces cultural liberalism. Conservative liberalism is an ideology that highlights

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1122-493: The European context, conservative liberalism should not be confused with liberal conservatism , which is a variant of conservatism combining conservative views with liberal policies in regards to the economy, social and ethical issues. The roots of conservative liberalism are to be found at the beginning of the history of liberalism . Until the two world wars , the political class in most European countries from Germany to Italy

1173-507: The North Atlantic Council, Ismay was made the vice chairman of the council, with Spofford continuing to serve as chairman. Ismay was selected because of his high rank in the war, and his role "at the side of Churchill ... in the highest Allied Councils." As both a soldier and a diplomat, he was considered uniquely qualified for the position, and enjoyed the full support of all the NATO states. Several months later, after Spofford retired from NATO,

1224-459: The North Atlantic Council, but their work was supplemented by occasional meetings of the NATO foreign ministers. The chairman of the deputies was given responsibility "for directing the organization and its work," including all of its civilian agencies. The Council deputies met for the first time on July 25, 1950, and selected Charles Spofford , the United States deputy, as their chairman. Several important organisational changes quickly followed

1275-540: The United Kingdom, four from the Netherlands, two from Belgium, one from Italy, one from Germany, one from Spain, one from Denmark and one from Norway. The position has also been occupied temporarily on three occasions by an acting secretary general between appointments. The NATO secretary general chairs several of the senior decision-making bodies of NATO. In addition to the North Atlantic Council, he chairs

1326-618: The United States. Milton Friedman and Irving Kristol are mentioned as representative conservative liberal scholars. Political scientists evaluate all politicians in the United States as liberals in the academic sense. In general, rather than the Democratic Party , which is close to social liberalism, the Republican Party is evaluated as a conservative-liberal party. In the case of the Democratic Party,

1377-689: The authority to represent their governments in all matters, including those related to defense and finance, not just foreign affairs, greatly increasing their power and importance. As the authority of the deputies increased, and the size of the organization grew, NATO established the Temporary Council Committee, chaired by W. Averell Harriman . This group established an official secretariat in Paris to command NATO's bureaucracy. The committee also recommended that "the agencies of NATO needed to be strengthened and co-ordinate", and emphasized

1428-503: The conservative aspect of liberalism, so it can appear in a somewhat different form depending on the local reality. Conservative liberalism refers to ideologies that show relatively conservative tendencies within the liberal camp, so it has some relative meaning. In the United States , conservative liberals mean de facto classical liberals; in Europe, Christian democrats and ordoliberals can also be included. Christian democracy

1479-407: The conservative parties were Christian democratic , this conservative brand of liberalism developed. Conservative liberalism is generally a liberal ideology that contrasts with social liberalism. Conservative liberalism, along with social liberalism and classical liberalism , is mentioned as the main liberal ideology of European politics. While there are conservative liberals who are located on

1530-411: The establishment of Council deputies, most notably the establishment of a unified military command under a single supreme allied commander . This unification and the growing challenges facing NATO led to rapid growth in the institutions of the organisation and in 1951, NATO was reorganized to streamline and centralize its bureaucracy. As part of the organization, the Council deputies were delegated with

1581-507: The growth in taxes seen during the previous eight years under the Social Democrats . This tax stop has been under heavy fire from the parties on the left bloc of Danish politics, allegedly for being "asocial" and "only for the rich." The fact that the major centre-right political party in a country calls itself 'Left' is often confusing to foreign (and sometimes Danish) observers. The name has, however, its historical explanation. At

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1632-550: The international staff of the organization, and the Office of the Secretary General. The secretary general also directs his or her own private office . All of these bodies draw personnel from all members of NATO, so the secretary general must carefully coordinate. For assistance in his responsibilities, the secretary general also has a deputy appointed by the organization. There is no formal process for selecting

1683-423: The midst of mass culture ) for transcendent longings for eternity. At its practical best, conservative liberalism promotes ordered liberty under God and establishes constitutional safeguards against tyranny. It shows that a regime of liberty based on traditional morality and classical-Christian culture is an achievement we can be proud of, rather than merely defensive about, as trustees of Western civilization." In

1734-516: The moderateness of these conservative liberals. Whiggism , or Whig liberalism, in the United Kingdom also forms early conservative liberalism and is distinguished from the Radicals (radical liberalism). According to Robert Kraynak, a professor at Colgate University , rather than "following progressive liberalism (i.e. social liberalism ), conservative liberals draw upon pre-modern sources, such as classical philosophy (with its ideas of virtue ,

1785-471: The need for someone other than the chairman of the North Atlantic Council to become the senior leader of the alliance. In February 1952, North Atlantic Council accordingly established the position of secretary general to manage all civilian agencies of the organization, control its civilian staff, and serve the North Atlantic Council. After the Lisbon Conference, the NATO states began looking for

1836-534: The party and formed Radikale Venstre (also known as the Danish Social Liberal Party), and in 1910 Venstrereformpartiet and Det Moderate Venstre reunited again under the name Venstre. With the decreasing numbers of farms and the growing urbanisation, membership and voter support dropped in the 1950s. During the 1960s the party gradually evolved from being a traditional farmers' party to a more general liberal party. In 1984 Uffe Ellemann-Jensen

1887-555: The party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government . The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament . Venstre was founded in 1870 under the name "Det Forenede Venstre" ( lit.   ' The United Left ' ). Originally, the party consisted of multiple conflicting groups, all united under

1938-406: The proposition. Following internal fighting in the party, Løkke Rasmussen and vice chairman Kristian Jensen both resigned on 31 August 2019. On 21 September 2019, political spokesman and former Minister for Environment and Food Jakob Ellemann-Jensen was elected the party's next chairman. Following the 2022 general election , in which Venstre suffered its worst result since 1988, Venstre joined

1989-485: The right wing of the liberal movement. In the case of modern conservative liberalism, scholars sometimes see it as a more positive and less radical variant of classical liberalism ; it is also referred to as an individual tradition that distinguishes it from classical liberalism and social liberalism . Conservative liberal parties tend to combine economically liberal policies with more traditional stances and personal beliefs on social and ethical issues. Ordoliberalism

2040-420: The secretary general. The members of NATO traditionally reach a consensus on who should serve next. This procedure often takes place through informal diplomatic channels, but it still can become contentious. For example, in 2009, controversy arose over the choice of Anders Fogh Rasmussen as secretary general, due to opposition from Turkey . NATO's chief military officer, the supreme allied commander Europe ,

2091-522: The structure of the North Atlantic Council was changed slightly. One member of the council was selected annually as the president of the North Atlantic Council (a largely ceremonial role), and the secretary general officially became the deputy president of the council, as well as the chair of its meetings. Ismay served as secretary general until retiring in May, 1957. After Ismay, Paul-Henri Spaak , an international diplomat and former prime minister of Belgium ,

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2142-618: The time of its foundation, Venstre affirmed then-progressive ideas in the Danish parliament. Their opponents, Højre (Right), the forerunner of the present-day Conservative People's Party , advocated for established interests, particularly the Church of Denmark and the landed gentry. In current Danish politics there is a clear distinction between the concepts of Venstre (Left, i.e., the party bearing that name) and venstrefløj (left wing, i.e., socialist and other left-leaning parties). The use of

2193-436: The war, Germany pursued economic growth based on the social market economy , which is deeply related to ordoliberalism. In the United Kingdom, David Hume , Adam Smith , and Edmund Burke have been identified as conservative liberals. In the United States, liberal usually refers to a social liberal form. As such, those referred to as conservative liberals in Europe are often simply referred to as conservatives in

2244-462: The word for "left" in the name of the Danish political party Radikale Venstre (literally: " Radical Left") and the Norwegian party Venstre is meant to refer to liberalism and not socialism . Members of the party are referred to as venstremænd and venstrekvinder , respectively "Venstre men" and "Venstre women" (singular: -mand, -kvinde). In the European Parliament , Venstre sits in

2295-445: Was elected chairman, and by profiling the liberal ideology in sharp confrontation to the Social Democrats , for example by campaigning for a reduction of the public sector, increasing market management and privatisation, and by being pro-EU, the party returned to its historical position as the biggest liberal party in the 1990s. After a disappointing 1998 general election , Ellemann-Jensen resigned as chairman and Anders Fogh Rasmussen

2346-405: Was elected in his place. He immediately changed the party's usual confrontational strategy, instead appealing to the political centre. In the 2001 general elections the party campaigned for tighter immigration policies and a "tax stop", which proved successful and the party once again became the biggest in parliament, winning 31.2% of the vote and 56 seats. Venstre formed a coalition government with

2397-409: Was elected. In the 2011 general elections , the party gained 26.7% of the vote and 47 seats, but was not able to form a government, instead leading the opposition against Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt 's Social Democratic coalition. Even though the party lost voter support in the 2015 general elections , only gaining 19.5% of the vote, the party formed a minority government. This government

2448-444: Was formed by conservative liberals. The events such as World War I occurring after 1917 brought the more radical version of classical liberalism to a more conservative (i.e. more moderate) type of liberalism. Conservative liberal parties have tended to develop in those European countries where there was no strong secular conservative party and where the separation of church and state was less of an issue. In those countries, where

2499-725: Was often used in a similar sense to national-liberalism ( German : Nationalliberalismus ). National Liberal Party during the German Empire and German People's Party during the Weimar Republic are representative. "Right-liberalism" and "national liberalism" are used in similar meanings in Germany. According to the German Misplaced Pages , most of the national liberals during the Weimar Republic joined

2550-528: Was selected as the second secretary general. Unlike Ismay, Spaak had no military experience, so his appointment represented a "deemphasis of the strictly military side of the Atlantic Alliance." When confirming Spaak's appointment in December 1956 during a session of the NATO foreign ministers, the North Atlantic Council also expanded the role of the secretary general in the organization. Largely as

2601-676: Was short-lived, and in 2016 Løkke Rasmussen invited the Conservative People's Party and the Liberal Alliance to form a coalition government instead. During the campaign of the 2019 general elections , Løkke Rasmussen published an autobiography, in which he opened up for the possibility of forming a government with the Social Democrats. This was seen as controversial in the liberal "blue bloc", and Social Democratic leader Mette Frederiksen immediately declined

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