André-Louis Danjon ( French: [ɑ̃dʁelwi dɑ̃ʒɔ̃] ; 6 April 1890 – 21 April 1967) was a French astronomer who served as director of the Observatory of Strasbourg from 1930 to 1945 and of the Paris Observatory from 1945 to 1963. He developed several astronomical instruments to examine the regularity of the rotation of the earth and among his discoveries was an acceleration of the rotation of the Earth during periods of intense solar activity occurring in 11-year cycles correlated with an increase in earthquakes. The Danjon scale is used for measuring the intensity of lunar eclipses. He noted an increase in the number of dark lunar eclipses with solar activity which is termed as the Danjon effect.
14-417: Danjon may refer to: André-Louis Danjon (1890–1967), French astronomer Danjon scale , used for measuring lunar eclipse brightness Danjon (crater) , a lunar crater Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Danjon . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
28-454: A prism split the Moon's image into two identical side-by-side images. By adjusting a diaphragm to dim one of the images until the sunlit portion had the same apparent brightness as the earthlit portion on the unadjusted image, he could quantify the diaphragm adjustment, and thus had a real measurement for the brightness of earthshine. He recorded the measurements using his method (now known as
42-475: Is an increase in the number of "dark" total lunar eclipses during the 11 year solar sunspot maxima. He developed an astrolabe to identify irregularity in the rotational periodicity and concluded that there was increases in the Earth's rotation during intense solar activity. He suggested that the atmospheric darkness might be due to an increase in aerosols in the atmosphere due to increased volcanic activity. Danjon
56-593: The Danjon scale , on which zero equates to a barely visible Moon) from 1925 until the 1950s. He extended similar methods to study the albedo of Venus and Mercury which became the subject of his doctoral dissertation Recherches de photometrie astronomique (1928) at Paris University. In 1930 he succeeded Ernest Esclangon as director of the Strasbourg Observatory. He was also appointed as a professor at Strasbourg University. In 1939, German invasion forced
70-455: The establishment of radio astronomy.at Nancay in 1956. Among his notable contributions to astronomy was the design of the impersonal (prismatic) astrolabe based on an earlier prismatic astrolabe developed by François Auguste Claude which is now known as the Danjon astrolabe, which led to an improvement in the accuracy of fundamental optical astrometry. An account of this instrument, and of
84-431: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danjon&oldid=932784407 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Andr%C3%A9-Louis Danjon Danjon
98-719: The maintenance of standard time. He designed the first prismatic astrolabe in 1899. Claude was born in Strasbourg and following the annexation of the Alsace region by Germany in 1871 he chose French citizenship and served in the army. He then worked as a designer for six years and joined the Bureau des Longitudes at the Parc de Montsouris in Paris. Despite having no formal university degrees, he became assistant calculator in 1884 and rose to
112-749: The move of faculty to Clermont-Ferrand near Vichy. He was arrested in November 1943 and he escaped being sent to Auschwitz and was released in January. After World War II, Esclangon retired from his position at the Paris Observatory and Danjon replaced him. Here he taught at the Sorbonne. In the 1960s he persuaded the government to establish the European Southern Observatories at La Silla and at Paranal. He also supported
126-428: The position of director in 1929. His most important contribution was the design of a (60°) prismatic astrolabe which he published first in 1899 and then improved in collaboration with the hydrographer Joseph-Ferdinand-Ludovic Driencourt (1858-1940). This design was manufactured by Jobin of Paris and available in three sizes in the 1910s. It included a magnetic compass, a graduated circular scale to measure angle from
140-587: The results of some early years of its operation, are given in Danjon's 1958 George Darwin Lecture to the Royal Astronomical Society . The "Danjon limit", a proposed measure of the minimum angular separation between the Sun and the Moon at which a lunar crescent is visible is named after him. However, this limit may not exist. The Danjon effect is a name given for his observation that there
154-675: Was appointed aide-astronome to the Strasbourg University. He took up duties as an observer at the Strasbourg Meridian observatory an began to work on the improvement of the observatory. He was involved in establishing a new observatory, the Observatoire de Haute-Provence which became operational in 1923. Danjon devised a method to measure " earthshine " on the darkside of the Moon using a telescope in which
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#1732775350718168-756: Was born in Caen to drapers Louis Dominique Danjon and Marie Justine Binet. He studied at the Lyce Malherbe and then went to the Ecole Normale Superieure during which time he worked at the observatory of the Societe Astronomique de France. He graduated in 1914 and was conscripted into the army during World War I. He served under Ernest Esclangon and lost an eye in combat in Champagne. He received war honours in 1915 and in 1919 he
182-452: Was married to Madeleine Renoult (m. 1919, died 1965) and they had four children. This article about a French astronomer is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fran%C3%A7ois Auguste Claude François Auguste Claude (30 December 1858 – 15 July 1938) was a French astronomer who worked at the Bureau des Longitudes which dealt with the measurement of longitude and
196-969: Was the President of the Société astronomique de France (SAF), the French astronomical society, during two periods: 1947–49 and 1962–64. He was awarded the Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France in 1950, and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1958. In 1946 he was made Officier of the Legion d'Honneur and in 1954 he was made Commandeur. Danjon died in 1967 in Suresnes , Hauts-de-Seine . He
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