Misplaced Pages

#824175

32-634: The Te Deum for the Victory at the Battle of Dettingen in D major , HWV 283, is the fifth and last setting by George Frideric Handel of the 4th-century Ambrosian hymn, Te Deum , or We Praise Thee, O God . He wrote it in 1743, only a month after the battle itself, during which Britain and its allies Hannover and Austria soundly routed the French. On 27 June 1743, the British army and its allies, under

64-448: A B♭ , respectively, provided by the principal oboist or clarinetist , who tune to the keyboard if part of the performance. When only strings are used, then the principal string (violinist) typically has sounded the tuning pitch, but some orchestras have used an electronic tone machine for tuning. Tuning can also be done through a prior recording; this method uses simultaneous audio. Interference beats are used to objectively measure

96-428: A guitar are normally tuned to fourths (excepting the G and B strings in standard tuning, which are tuned to a third), as are the strings of the bass guitar and double bass . Violin , viola , and cello strings are tuned to fifths . However, non-standard tunings (called scordatura ) exist to change the sound of the instrument or create other playing options. To tune an instrument, often only one reference pitch

128-549: A few differing tones. As the number of tones is increased, conflicts arise in how each tone combines with every other. Finding a successful combination of tunings has been the cause of debate, and has led to the creation of many different tuning systems across the world. Each tuning system has its own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. It is impossible to tune the twelve-note chromatic scale so that all intervals are pure. For instance, three pure major thirds stack up to ⁠ 125  / 64 ⁠ , which at 1 159 cents

160-415: A short alto solo leading to a closing fugue. The second number ("All the earth doth worship Thee") is also an alto solo with five-part chorus of the same general character. It is followed by a semi-chorus in three parts ("To Thee all Angels cry aloud"), plaintive in style, and leading to the full chorus ("To Thee, Cherubin and Seraphim"), which is majestic in its movement and rich in harmony. The fifth number

192-633: A tone to the E ♭ so as to have the most accented note of the main theme sound on an open string. In Mahler's Symphony No. 4 , the solo violin is tuned one whole step high to produce a harsh sound evoking Death as the Fiddler. In Bartók's Contrasts , the violin is tuned G ♯ -D-A-E ♭ to facilitate the playing of tritones on open strings. American folk violinists of the Appalachians and Ozarks often employ alternate tunings for dance songs and ballads. The most commonly used tuning

224-445: Is A-E-A-E. Likewise banjo players in this tradition use many tunings to play melody in different keys. A common alternative banjo tuning for playing in D is A-D-A-D-E. Many Folk guitar players also used different tunings from standard, such as D-A-D-G-A-D, which is very popular for Irish music. A musical instrument that has had its pitch deliberately lowered during tuning is said to be down-tuned or tuned down . Common examples include

256-496: Is a common key for pub session playing. In the Baroque period , D major was regarded as "the key of glory"; hence many trumpet concertos were in D major, such as those by Johann Friedrich Fasch , Gross, Molter (No. 2), Leopold Mozart , Telemann (No. 2), and Giuseppe Torelli . Many trumpet sonatas were in D major, too, such as those by Corelli , Petronio Franceschini , Purcell , and Torelli. "The Trumpet Shall Sound" and

288-431: Is a grand martial panegyric . It contains eighteen short solos and choruses , mostly of a brilliant, martial character, the solos being divided between the alto , tenor , and bass . After a brief instrumental prelude , the work opens with the triumphant, jubilant chorus with trumpets and drums ("We praise Thee, O God"), written for the five parts, the sopranos being divided into first and seconds, containing also

320-456: Is a quartet and chorus ("The glorious Company of the Apostles praise Thee"), dominated by the bass, with responses from the other parts, and is followed by a short, full chorus ("Thine honourable, true, and only Son"). The seventh number is a stirring bass solo with trumpets. A fanfare of trumpets introduces the next four numbers, all choruses. In this group the art of fugue and counterpoint

352-430: Is also appropriate for guitar music, with drop D tuning making two D's available as open strings. For some beginning wind instrument students, however, D major is not a very suitable key, since it transposes to E major on B ♭ wind instruments, and beginning methods generally tend to avoid keys with more than three sharps. Even so, the clarinet in B ♭ is still often used for music in D major, and it

SECTION 10

#1732798163825

384-402: Is given. This reference is used to tune one string, to which the other strings are tuned in the desired intervals. On a guitar, often the lowest string is tuned to an E. From this, each successive string can be tuned by fingering the fifth fret of an already tuned string and comparing it with the next higher string played open. This works with the exception of the G string, which must be stopped at

416-451: Is perhaps the sharpest key that is practical for the instrument. There are composers however who, in writing a piece in D minor with B ♭ clarinets, will have them change to clarinets in A if the music switches to D major, two examples being Rachmaninoff 's Third Piano Concerto and Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony in the fourth movement. The vast majority of tin whistles are in D, since they are often used in music with fiddles . It

448-493: Is splendidly illustrated, but never to the sacrifice of brilliant effect, which is also heightened by the trumpets in the accompaniments. An impressive bass solo ("Vouchsafe, O Lord") intervenes, and then the trumpets sound the stately symphony to the final chorus ("O Lord, in Thee have I trusted"). It begins with a long alto solo with delicate oboe accompaniment that makes the effect very impressive when voices and instruments take up

480-440: Is the choice of number and spacing of frequency values used. Due to the psychoacoustic interaction of tones and timbres , various tone combinations sound more or less "natural" in combination with various timbres. For example, using harmonic timbres: More complex musical effects can be created through other relationships. The creation of a tuning system is complicated because musicians want to make music with more than just

512-479: Is the process of adjusting the pitch of one or many tones from musical instruments to establish typical intervals between these tones. Tuning is usually based on a fixed reference, such as A = 440 Hz . The term " out of tune " refers to a pitch/tone that is either too high ( sharp ) or too low ( flat ) in relation to a given reference pitch. While an instrument might be in tune relative to its own range of notes, it may not be considered 'in tune' if it does not match

544-450: The harmonic series . See § Tuning of unpitched percussion instruments . Tuning may be done aurally by sounding two pitches and adjusting one of them to match or relate to the other. A tuning fork or electronic tuning device may be used as a reference pitch, though in ensemble rehearsals often a piano is used (as its pitch cannot be adjusted for each performance). Symphony orchestras and concert bands usually tune to an A 440 or

576-433: The snare drum . Tuning pitched percussion follows the same patterns as tuning any other instrument, but tuning unpitched percussion does not produce a specific pitch . For this reason and others, the traditional terms tuned percussion and untuned percussion are avoided in recent organology . A tuning system is the system used to define which tones , or pitches , to use when playing music . In other words, it

608-639: The "Hallelujah" chorus from Handel 's Messiah , and his coronation anthem Zadok the Priest are in D major. In addition, Bach's Mass in B minor has D major as the relative major, and most of the major choruses in this key (Gloria, Cum Sancto Spiritu, Sanctus, Hosanna) make extensive use of trumpets. 23 of Haydn's 104 symphonies are in D major, making it the most-often used main key of his symphonies. The vast majority of Mozart 's unnumbered symphonies are in D major, namely K. 66c, 81/73 , 97/73m , 95/73n , 120/111a and 161/163/141a . The symphony evolved from

640-427: The accuracy of tuning. As the two pitches approach a harmonic relationship, the frequency of beating decreases. When tuning a unison or octave it is desired to reduce the beating frequency until it cannot be detected. For other intervals, this is dependent on the tuning system being used. Harmonics may be used to facilitate tuning of strings that are not themselves tuned to the unison. For example, lightly touching

672-407: The chosen reference pitch. Some instruments become 'out of tune' with temperature, humidity, damage, or simply time, and must be readjusted or repaired. Different methods of sound production require different methods of adjustment: The sounds of some instruments, notably unpitched percussion instrument such as cymbals , are of indeterminate pitch , and have irregular overtones not conforming to

SECTION 20

#1732798163825

704-723: The command of King George II and Lord Stair , won a victory at the Battle of Dettingen , over the French army, commanded by the Maréchal de Noailles and the Duc de Grammont . On the King's return a day of public thanksgiving was appointed, and Handel, at that time "Composer of the Musick to the Chapel Royal," was commissioned to write a Te Deum and an anthem ("The King Shall Rejoice") for

736-451: The electric guitar and electric bass in contemporary heavy metal music , whereby one or more strings are often tuned lower than concert pitch . This is not to be confused with electronically changing the fundamental frequency , which is referred to as pitch shifting . Many percussion instruments are tuned by the player, including pitched percussion instruments such as timpani and tabla , and unpitched percussion instruments such as

768-599: The fourth fret to sound B against the open B string above. Alternatively, each string can be tuned to its own reference tone. Note that while the guitar and other modern stringed instruments with fixed frets are tuned in equal temperament , string instruments without frets, such as those of the violin family, are not. The violin, viola, and cello are tuned to beatless just perfect fifths and ensembles such as string quartets and orchestras tend to play in fifths based Pythagorean tuning or to compensate and play in equal temperament, such as when playing with other instruments such as

800-417: The highest string of a cello at the middle (at a node ) while bowing produces the same pitch as doing the same a third of the way down its second-highest string. The resulting unison is more easily and quickly judged than the quality of the perfect fifth between the fundamentals of the two strings. In music , the term open string refers to the fundamental note of the unstopped, full string. The strings of

832-460: The occasion. The work was composed between 17 and 29 July 1743 and was first performed on 27 November 1743 in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace , London in the presence of George II. The work is scored for soloists ( alto , tenor and bass ), mixed choir in five parts (SSATB), two oboes , bassoon , three trumpets , strings , timpani and basso continuo . The Dettingen Te Deum

864-887: The overture, and "D major was by far the most common key for overtures in the second half of the eighteenth century." This continued even into the Romantic Period , and was used for the "triumphant" final movements of several D minor symphonies, including Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony , Robert Schumann 's Fourth Symphony , the only symphony by César Franck , Sergei Rachmaninoff 's First Symphony , and Felix Mendelssohn 's Fifth Symphony . Famous symphonies written in D major include Mozart 's symphonies No. 31 (Paris) , No.35 (Haffner) , and No. 38 (Prague) , Beethoven 's No. 2, Op. 36 , Brahms 's No. 2, Op. 73 , Sibelius 's No. 2, Op. 43 , and Prokofiev 's No. 1 (Classical), Op. 25 . Open string (music) In music , there are two common meanings for tuning : Tuning

896-404: The phrase in a magnificent outburst of power and rich harmony, and carry it to the close. D major Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor . The key of D major is also popular in heavy metal music , as its tonic is the highest note on a standard-tuned guitar. The scale degree chords of D major are: D major is well-suited to violin music because of

928-431: The piano. For example, the cello, which is tuned down from A220 , has three more strings (four total) and the just perfect fifth is about two cents off from the equal tempered perfect fifth, making its lowest string, C−, about six cents more flat than the equal tempered C. This table lists open strings on some common string instruments and their standard tunings from low to high unless otherwise noted. Violin scordatura

960-410: The strings of the solo viola are raised one half-step, ostensibly to give the instrument a brighter tone so the solo violin does not overshadow it. Scordatura for the violin was also used in the 19th and 20th centuries in works by Niccolò Paganini , Robert Schumann , Camille Saint-Saëns , Gustav Mahler , and Béla Bartók . In Saint-Saëns' " Danse Macabre ", the high string of the violin is lower half

992-615: The structure of the instrument, which is tuned G D A E. The open strings resonate sympathetically with the D string, producing a sound that is especially brilliant. This is also the case with all other orchestral strings. Thus, it is no coincidence that many classical composers throughout the centuries have chosen to write violin concertos in D major, including those by Mozart ( No. 2, 1775 , No. 4, 1775 ); Ludwig van Beethoven ( 1806 ); Paganini ( No. 1, 1817 ); Brahms ( 1878 ); Tchaikovsky ( 1878 ); Prokofiev ( No. 1, 1917 ); Stravinsky ( 1931 ); and Korngold ( 1945 ). The key

Dettingen Te Deum - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-585: Was employed in the 17th and 18th centuries by Italian and German composers, namely, Biagio Marini , Antonio Vivaldi , Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (who in the Rosary Sonatas prescribes a great variety of scordaturas, including crossing the middle strings), Johann Pachelbel and Johann Sebastian Bach , whose Fifth Suite For Unaccompanied Cello calls for the lowering of the A string to G. In Mozart 's Sinfonia Concertante in E-flat major (K. 364), all

#824175