57-685: The DFL Deutsche Fußball Liga GmbH (or simply Deutsche Fußball Liga ; lit. ' German Football League ' ; often shortened to DFL ) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Die Liga – Fußballverband . The DFL is responsible for entire operating business of the Ligaverband , including the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga leagues. Since 1 July 2001, the DFL has organised the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. From 2005 until 2007, they also organised
114-482: A comparison of leading Bundesliga and Premiership clubs, Bayern Munich received 55% of its revenue from company sponsorship deals, while Manchester United got 37%. Bundesliga clubs are required to be majority-owned by German club members (known as the 50+1 rule [ de ] to discourage control by a single entity) and operate under tight restrictions on the use of debt for acquisitions (a team only receives an operating licence if it has solid financials); as
171-689: A focus on Saturdays. All of the Bundesliga clubs take part in the DFB-Pokal cup competition. The winner of the Bundesliga qualifies for the DFL-Supercup . Fifty-eight clubs have competed in the Bundesliga since its founding. Bayern Munich has won 32 of 61 titles, as well as eleven consecutive seasons between 2013 and 2023, which is a record for a Big Five league . The Bundesliga has also seen other champions, with Borussia Dortmund , Hamburger SV , Werder Bremen , Borussia Mönchengladbach , and VfB Stuttgart most prominent among them. The Bundesliga
228-439: A net loss of €30.4 million in 2009 financial year. Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA, made a net loss of just €2.9 million in 2008–09 season. Based on its per-game average, the Bundesliga is the best-attended association football league in the world; out of all sports, its average of 39,512 spectators per game during the 2023–24 season is the second highest of any professional sports league worldwide, behind only
285-413: A result 11 of the 18 clubs were profitable after the 2008–09 season. By contrast, in the other major European leagues numerous high-profile teams have come under ownership of foreign billionaires and a significant number of clubs have high levels of debt. Exceptions to the 50+1 rule allow Bayer Leverkusen , TSG 1899 Hoffenheim , and VfL Wolfsburg to be owned by corporations or individual investors. In
342-603: A subsidiary of the Deutsche Fußball Liga . The Bundesliga broadcast rights are sold along with the broadcast rights to the relegation playoffs, 2. Bundesliga and DFL-Supercup . From 2017 to 2018 to 2018–19, Bundesliga matches were broadcast on TV in Germany on Sky Deutschland and Eurosport. Prior to the 2019–20 season, Eurosport sublicensed its broadcast rights to sports streaming service DAZN , which will broadcast games previously allocated to Eurosport until
399-410: A total of 209 territories around the world. The third business area, "licensing", is the implementation and development of the former DFB licensing procedure. The DFL applies the procedure for the clubs of the Bundesliga and the 2. Bundesliga, as well as for some of the clubs of the lower leagues under a business contract. In doing so, the DFL will examine the extent to which the individual clubs fulfill
456-567: A victory was worth two points, with one point for a draw and none for a loss. Since the 1995–96 season, a victory has been worth three points, while a draw remains worth a single point, and zero points are given for a loss. The club with the most points at the end of the season becomes the German champion. Currently, the top four clubs in the table qualify automatically for the group phase of the UEFA Champions League . The two teams at
513-455: Is composed of two divisions: the 1. Bundesliga (although it is rarely referred to with the First prefix), and, below that, the 2. Bundesliga (2nd Bundesliga), which has been the second tier of German football since 1974 . The Bundesligen (plural) are professional leagues. Since 2008, the 3. Liga (3rd League) in Germany has also been a professional league, but may not be called Bundesliga because
570-478: Is no threat of insolvency do they give approval. The DFB have a system of fines and points deductions for clubs who flout rules, and those who go into the red can only buy a player after selling one for at least the same amount. In addition, no individual is allowed to own more than 49 per cent of any Bundesliga club, the only exceptions being VfL Wolfsburg , Bayer Leverkusen and current Regionalliga Nordost member FC Carl Zeiss Jena should they ever be promoted to
627-418: Is not in the clubs' culture so much [to raise prices]. They are very fan orientated". Uli Hoeneß , president of Bayern Munich, was quoted as saying "We do not think the fans are like cows to be milked. Football has got to be for everybody." The spectator figures for league for the last ten seasons: The Bundesliga TV, radio, internet, and mobile broadcast rights are distributed by DFL Sports Enterprises,
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#1732764988581684-881: Is one of the top national leagues, ranked fourth in Europe according to UEFA 's league coefficient ranking for the current 2024–25 season, based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons. The Bundesliga led the UEFA ranking from 1976 to 1984 and in 1990 . It has also produced the continent's top-rated club seven times. Bundesliga clubs have won eight UEFA Champions League , seven UEFA Europa League , four European Cup Winners' Cup , two UEFA Super Cup , two FIFA Club World Cup , and three Intercontinental Cup titles. Its players have accumulated nine Ballon d'Or awards, two The Best FIFA Men's Player awards, five European Golden Shoe , and three UEFA Men's Player of
741-687: Is the parent company of the Deutsche Fußball Liga . The Ligaverband is an association of the 36 German professional football clubs (or their companies) that partake in the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga , which represents their interests, especially against the German Football Association ( Deutscher Fußball-Bund , DFB). On 30 September 2000, at the extraordinary congress of the DFB-Bundestag in Mainz ,
798-528: The DFL-Ligapokal . Since 2010, the DFL also has organised the DFL-Supercup . The DFL was founded on 19 December 2000 as an independent GmbH . Since then, the Ligaverband has been the sole shareholder of the DFL, which has provided the capital stock in the amount of €1 million. The organisation is a subsidiary of the Ligaverband , which acts as a representative for the 36 professional clubs in
855-584: The Fußball-Bundesliga ( [ˌfuːsbal-] ) or 1. Bundesliga ( [ˌeːɐ̯stə-] ), is a professional football league in Germany located at the top of the German football league system . The Bundesliga comprises 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga . Seasons run from August to May. Games are played on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, with
912-518: The Ligaverband has been responsible for operating the top two German professional leagues. Since the DFB and Ligaverband organise the Bundesliga competitions jointly, a basic contract has been in place since the beginning of the 2004–05 season, which determines the rights and obligations of both parties. In particular, it grants the Ligaverband the right to organize the DFB-owned club competitions of
969-572: The National Football League of the United States. Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any football club in the world. Out of Europe's five major football leagues ( Premier League , La Liga , Ligue 1 , and Serie A ), the Bundesliga has the lowest ticket prices and the highest average attendance. Many club stadia have large terraced areas for standing fans (by comparison, stadia in
1026-456: The Oberligen differ between the local areas. The league structure has changed frequently and typically reflects the degree of participation in the sport in various parts of the country. In the early 1990s, changes were driven by the reunification of Germany and the subsequent integration of the national league of East Germany. Every team in the two Bundesligen must have a licence to play in
1083-485: The 2000s, the Bundesliga was regarded as competitive, as five teams won the league title. This contrasted with the English Premier League , then dominated by a "Big Four" (Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool, and Arsenal), as well as France's Ligue 1 , won seven consecutive years by Lyon . Since then, however, a resurgent Bayern Munich has won each year from 2013 to 2023. For a number of years,
1140-442: The 2019–20 season were broadcast on ZDF. Radio coverage includes the national Konferenz (whip-around coverage) on the stations of ARD and full match coverage on local radio stations. The Bundesliga is broadcast on TV in over 200 countries. ESPN has held rights in the United States since the beginning of the 2020–21 season. 4 matches per season are reserved for linear television with the rest appearing on ESPN+ . In Canada,
1197-469: The 36 professional clubs were released into the independence they had been demanding for many years. The Ligaverband was founded on 18 December 2000 as an Eingetragener Verein , with the DFB allowing the use of the two professional leagues in which the 36 professional clubs played in. In order to fulfill its duties, the Ligaverband established the Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL) as a subsidiary, and transferred their operations to it. Several documents define
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#17327649885811254-447: The Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. It also gives the Ligaverband full marketing rights to the leagues. Not addressed in the basic contract are the competitions that can be autonomously controlled by the Ligaverband (such as the DFL-Ligapokal and the former DFB-Hallenpokal ). In addition, the basic contract includes specific requirements regarding kick-off times and transmission of matches on free-to-air television. The basic contract
1311-580: The Bundesliga is broadcast live on DAZN . In the United Kingdom and in Ireland, the Bundesliga is broadcast live on Sky Sports . In Spain, the Bundesliga is broadcast live on Movistar+ . In Indonesia, Bundesliga is aired on Vision+ , RCTI , and even iNews in the 2024–25 season only while it was currently unavailable on beIN Sports Asia in the country since the previous season . Taiwan's ELTA TV are expecting to aired Bundesliga for
1368-434: The Bundesliga since its foundation; on 12 May 2018, Hamburger SV was the last founding club to be relegated for the first time. In the 2008–09 season, the Bundesliga reinstated an earlier German system of promotion and relegation, which had been in use from 1981 until 1991: From 1992 until 2008, a different system was used, in which the bottom three finishers of the Bundesliga were automatically relegated, to be replaced by
1425-633: The Bundesliga was created in Dortmund at the Westfalenhallen on 28 July 1962 to begin play starting with the 1963–64 season . At the time, there were five Oberligen (premier leagues) in place representing West Germany's North, South, West, Southwest, and Berlin. East Germany, behind the Iron Curtain, maintained its separate league structure. 46 clubs applied for admission to the new league. 16 teams were selected based on their success on
1482-577: The Bundesliga, as they were each founded as factory teams. Despite the good economic governance, there have still been some instances of clubs getting into difficulties. In 2004, Borussia Dortmund reported a debt of €118.8 million (£83 million). Having won the Champions League in 1997 and a number of Bundesliga titles, Dortmund had gambled on maintaining their success with an expensive group of largely foreign players but failed, narrowly escaping liquidation in 2006. In subsequent years,
1539-548: The English Premier League are all-seaters due to the Taylor Report ). Teams limit the number of season tickets to ensure everyone has a chance to see the games live, and the away club has the right to 10% of the available capacity. Match tickets often double as free rail passes which encourages supporters to travel and celebrate in a relaxed atmosphere. According to Bundesliga chief executive Christian Seifert , tickets are inexpensive (especially for standing room ) as "It
1596-587: The Year awards including UEFA Club Footballer of the Year . The Bundesliga is the number one association football league in the world in terms of anerage attendance, with an average of 39,512 spectators per game as of the 2023-24 season making it the second-highest attendance of any sports league in the world after the American National Football League . The Bundesliga is broadcast on television in over 200 countries. The Bundesliga
1653-411: The aim of developing local talent for the club and the national team. As of 2010 the Bundesliga and second Bundesliga spend €75m a year on these youth academies, which train five thousand players aged 12–18. This increased the percentage of under-23-year-olds in the Bundesliga from 6% in 2000 to 15% in 2010. This in turn allows more money to be spent on the smaller number of players that are bought. In
1710-424: The bottom of the table are relegated into the 2. Bundesliga, while the top two teams in the 2. Bundesliga are promoted. The 16th-placed team (third-last) in the 1. Bundesliga and the third-placed team in the 2. Bundesliga play a two-leg play-off match. The winner of this match plays the next season in the 1. Bundesliga, and the losing side in the 2. Bundesliga. If teams are level on points, tie-breakers are applied in
1767-418: The cases of Bayer Leverkusen and Wolfsburg, the clubs were founded by major corporations (respectively Bayer AG and Volkswagen ) as sports clubs for their employees, while Hoffenheim has long received its primary support from SAP co-founder Dietmar Hopp , who played in the club's youth system. After 2000 the German Football Association and the Bundesliga required every club to run a youth academy with
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1824-593: The central league concept was national team head coach Sepp Herberger who said, "If we want to remain competitive internationally, we have to raise our expectations at the national level." Meanwhile, in East Germany, a separate league was established with the formation of the DS-Oberliga (Deutscher Sportausschuss Oberliga) in 1950. The league was renamed the Football Oberliga DFV in 1958 and
1881-579: The chief executive. His contract ended 2021. In 2022 Donata Hopfen became the first female CEO of the DFL. In February 2022, she was open to plans to introduce playoffs in the Bundesliga. There is also the idea of holding the Supercup abroad. Die Liga %E2%80%93 Fu%C3%9Fballverband Die Liga – Fußballverband e.V. (sometimes stylised as DIE LIGA – Fußballverband e.V. ), or simply Die Liga – Fußballverband ("The League – Football Association"), and often shortened to Ligaverband ("League Association"),
1938-427: The club went through extensive restructuring to return to financial health, largely with young home-grown players. In 2004 Hertha BSC reported debts of £24.7 million and were able to continue in the Bundesliga only after proving they had long term credit with their bank. The leading German club Bayern Munich made a net profit of just €2.5 million in 2008–09 season (group accounts), while Schalke 04 made
1995-634: The clubs in the Bundesliga have been subject to regulations not unlike the UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations agreed upon in September 2009. At the end of each season, clubs in the Bundesliga must apply to the German Football Federation (DFB) for a licence to participate again the following year; only when the DFB, who have access to all transfer documents and accounts, are satisfied that there
2052-458: The conclusion of the 2020–21 season. Three Friday night matches – the openers of the first and second halves of the season, and on the final matchday before the winter break – are broadcast to all Germans on Sat. 1 . Starting with the 2018–19 season, Sky began arranging simulcasts of high-profile Saturday games on free TV to promote its coverage of the league. The April 2019 Revierderby was broadcast on Das Erste , and two additional games during
2109-487: The cooperation of the DFB and the Ligaverband : Since 28 April 2001, the Ligaverband has been the representative association of clubs of the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. Those clubs are members of the Ligaverband and indirectly of the German Football Association through their respective state associations. The Ligaverband is a member of the DFB, though. Since the start of the 2001–02 season,
2166-433: The duration of the game. The number of German clubs which may participate in UEFA competitions is determined by UEFA coefficients , which takes into account the results of a particular nation's clubs in UEFA competitions over the preceding five years. In the 2009–10 season the Bundesliga's turnover was €1.7bn, broken down into match-day revenue (€424m), sponsorship receipts (€573m) and broadcast income (€594m). That year it
2223-543: The field, economic criteria and representation of the various Oberligen. The first Bundesliga games were played on 24 August 1963. Early favorite 1. FC Köln was the first Bundesliga champion with second place clubs Meidericher SV and Eintracht Frankfurt. Following German reunification in 1990, the East German leagues were merged into the West German system. Dynamo Dresden and FC Hansa Rostock were seeded into
2280-414: The first match day. Defending champions have not lost the opening matches since then, winning 16 of the 21 matches (up to the 2022-23 season). Starting with the 2021–22 season, kick off times were changed with Friday matches starting at 8:30 pm, Saturdays at 3:30 pm and 6:30 pm, and Sundays at 3:30 pm, 5:30 pm and 7:30 pm. Before the formation of the Bundesliga, German football
2337-419: The following order: If two clubs are still tied after all of these tie-breakers have been applied, a single match is held at a neutral site to determine the placement. However, this has never been necessary in the history of the Bundesliga. In terms of team selection, matchday squads must have no more than five non-EU representatives. Nine substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which five can be used in
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2394-629: The interests of the professional leagues and their common views before FIFA and other institutions engaged in sports and politics. The leadership of the DFL, which includes the CEO and the supervisory, attend the annual shareholders' meeting. Part of the supervisory board of the DFL forms a personal union with the Vorstand of the Ligaverband. Wilfried Straub was the first CEO of the DFL, serving from 2001 until 2005. In 2005, Christian Seifert became
2451-685: The league is run by the German Football Association (DFB) and not, as are the two Bundesligen, by the German Football League (DFL). Below the level of the 3. Liga, leagues are generally subdivided on a regional basis. For example, the Regionalligen are currently made up of Nord (North), Nordost (Northeast), Süd (South), Südwest (Southwest) and West divisions. Below this are thirteen parallel divisions, most of which are called Oberligen (upper leagues) which represent federal states or large urban and geographical areas. The levels below
2508-542: The league, or else they are relegated into the regional leagues. To obtain a licence, teams must be financially healthy and meet certain standards of conduct as organisations. As in other national leagues, there are significant benefits to being in the top division: The 1. Bundesliga is financially strong, and the 2. Bundesliga has begun to evolve in a similar direction, becoming more stable organizationally and financially, and reflecting an increasingly higher standard of professional play. No clubs have played continuously in
2565-459: The organisation of the competitions of the Ligaverband , which includes the Bundesliga, 2. Bundesliga, and DFL-Supercup , along with the promotion/relegation play-offs. The business area of "marketing" includes the allocation of broadcasting rights and licenses for the leagues on various media platforms, including television, radio, and on the Internet. The Bundesliga broadcasting rights include
2622-427: The requirements for participation in the professional football competitions. The list of requirements includes sporting, financial, legal, infrastructural, personnel, administrative, media, and safety-related criteria. Highly important, and to date the only criterion which led to major problems for certain clubs, is the financial criterion. With this criterion the DFL tries to ascertain that all clubs remain solvent during
2679-700: The season in order to be able to maintain the club operations for as long as possible. The DFL can refuse to issue a license if a club does not meet these requirements. Since 1 September 2012, the new organizational structure of the DFL now sees only two business areas rather than three. With 23 other national professional league associations, the DFL is founding member of the World Leagues Forum, founded in Zürich in February 2016. The organisation aims, among other things, to centrally combine and represent
2736-487: The top three finishers in the 2. Bundesliga. From 1963 until 1981 two, or later three, teams were relegated from the Bundesliga automatically, while promotion was decided either completely or partially in promotion play-offs . The season starts in early August and lasts until late May, with a winter break of six weeks (mid-December through to the end of January). Starting with the 2002-03 season, opening matches were introduced to feature defending champions on Friday nights on
2793-428: The top two leagues of German football. Today the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga are operated by the DFL, but jointly hosted by the German Football Association ( Deutscher Fußball-Bund , DFB) and the Ligaverband . The DFL itself divides its operating business into the areas of operation, licensing, and marketing. The "operations" business area includes, in particular, the management of the licensed players' activities and
2850-442: The top-tier Bundesliga division ahead of the 1991–92 Bundesliga , with other clubs being sorted into lower tiers. Gazprom became a major sponsor of Bundesliga football in 2006, with Gerhard Schröder 's climb to the top of the company. The German football champion is decided strictly by play in the Bundesliga. Each club plays every other club once at home and once away, which makes a total of 34 matchdays per season. Originally,
2907-493: Was VfB Leipzig , who beat DFC Prague 7–2 in a game played at Altona on 31 May 1903. Through the 1950s, there were continued calls for the formation of a central professional league, especially as professional leagues in other countries began to draw Germany's best players away from the semi-professional domestic leagues. At the international level, the German game began to falter as German teams often fared poorly against professional teams from other countries. A key supporter of
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#17327649885812964-479: Was founded in 1962 in Dortmund and the first season started in 1963–64. The structure and organisation of the Bundesliga, along with Germany's other football leagues, have undergone frequent changes. The Bundesliga was founded by the Deutscher Fußball-Bund (English: German Football Association), but is now operated by the Deutsche Fußball Liga (English: German Football League). The Bundesliga
3021-519: Was generally referred to simply as the DDR-Liga or DDR-Oberliga. The league fielded 14 teams with two relegation spots. [REDACTED] The defeat of the national team by Yugoslavia (0–1) in a 1962 World Cup quarter-final game in Chile was one impetus (of many) towards the formation of a national league. At the annual DFB convention under new DFB president Hermann Gösmann (elected that very day)
3078-648: Was played at an amateur level in a large number of sub-regional leagues until, in 1949, part-time (semi-) professionalism was introduced and only five regional Oberligen (Premier Leagues) remained. Regional champions and runners-up played a series of playoff matches for the right to compete in a final game for the national championship. On 28 January 1900, a national association, the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) had been founded in Leipzig with 86 member clubs. The first recognized national championship team
3135-478: Was terminated for the first time by the DFB as well as the Ligaverband in 2012. The Ligaverband is managed by the board, which currently is composed of the president, two vice-presidents, and six other members, elected for three-year terms. The president of the Ligaverband is a member of the Presidium and Vorstand of the German Football Association. Werner Hackmann, from the Vorstand of Hamburger SV ,
3192-744: Was the first president of the Ligaverband until his death in January 2007. Wolfgang Holzhäuser of Bayer Leverkusen held the office provisionally until Reinhard Rauball was elected as the next president in August 2007 at the general assembly. Christian Seifert became the president of the Vorstand of the Ligaverband from 2019 to 2021, succeeded by Donata Hopfen who served from 1 January until 7 December 2022. Bundesliga The Bundesliga ( German: [ˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa] ; lit. ' Federal League ' ), sometimes referred to as
3249-444: Was the only European football league where clubs collectively made a profit. Bundesliga clubs paid less than 50% of revenue in players' wages, the lowest percentage out of the European leagues. The Bundesliga has the lowest ticket prices and the highest average attendance among Europe's five major leagues . Bundesliga clubs tend to form close associations with local firms, several of which have since grown into big global companies; in
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