25-736: The Deutsches Romantik-Museum is a museum dedicated to German Romanticism , located in the Innenstadt area of Frankfurt , Germany. The museum opened in September 2021 and is managed by the Freies Deutsches Hochstift , which also operates the adjoining Goethe House . The collection consists of manuscripts, letters, paintings and other objects which the Hochstift has accumulated since 1863. The Deutsches-Romantik Museum
50-483: Is the first museum of its kind, focusing on major achievements during the entire Romantic era, rather than only on a specific region or individual. The Freies Deutsches Hochstift was founded in 1859 with the purpose of advancing public education. Its founder, Otto Volger , acquired Goethe's birthplace for the Hochstift in 1863. The Hochstift started its collection of 18th and 19th century paintings in 1863 and its collection of Romantic material in 1911. Ernst Beutler ,
75-1141: The German Empire of 1871. German Romanticism was accordingly rooted in both the quest, epitomized by Baron Joseph von Laßberg , Johann Martin Lappenberg , and the Brothers Grimm , for decolonisation , a distinctly German culture , and national identity , and hostility to certain ideas of The Enlightenment , the French Revolution , the Reign of Terror , and the First French Empire . Several major Romantic thinkers, especially Ernst Moritz Arndt , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Heinrich von Kleist , and Friedrich Schleiermacher, embraced many elements of Counter-Enlightenment political philosophy and were hostile to Classical liberalism , rationalism , neoclassicism , and cosmopolitanism , Other Romantics , like Heine, were fully in support of
100-630: The German Revolutions of 1848 . Defunct Defunct [REDACTED] Category Paulskirche St Paul's Church ( German : Paulskirche ) in Frankfurt am Main is a former church building used as an exhibition, memorial and meeting place. It was built between 1789 and 1833 to replace the medieval "Barfüßerkirche", which was demolished in 1786, and served as Frankfurt's main Protestant -Lutheran church until 1944, when it
125-537: The Middle Ages as a simpler period of integrated culture; however, the German Romantics became aware of the tenuousness of the cultural unity they sought. Late-stage German Romanticism emphasized the tension between the daily world and the irrational and supernatural projections of creative genius. In particular, the critic Heinrich Heine criticized the tendency of the early German Romantics to look to
150-596: The Napoleonic wars . The new building was completed between 1829 and 1833 by Johann Friedrich Christian Hess [ de ] , whereupon the organ loft was disconnected in 1833. Between 1786 and 1833 Lutheran services were held at the Old St Nicholas Church in the Römerberg square to the south, also owned by the free city and then actually used as garrison church for its troops. In 1830,
175-724: The Frankfurt Parliament in the course of the German revolutions of 1848 . From 31 March until 3 April 1848, the building was the meeting place for the Vorparlament , which prepared the election for the National Assembly. On 18 May 1848, the National Assembly met for the first time in the church, and was therefore named the Paulskirchenparlament. Until 1849, the National Assembly worked in
200-529: The Freies Deutsches Hochstift's collection. Architect Christoph Mäckler had to solve the problem of designing a building for exhibits which required protection from exposure to light, while avoiding the creation of a windowless facade next to the historic Goethe House. His facade resembles three houses, each with one large window and an entrance. Behind the postmodern facade there is a straight staircase which rises up three floors, shielding
225-554: The Goethe House), which presented the opportunity for the Hochstift to take over the property. When the city of Frankfurt withdrew from financing the project, the art dealer Karsten Greve donated 1 million Euro towards the building. An architecture competition was initiated in October 2013, called Goethehöfe [ de ] , with 15 groups invited to participate. In June 2014, three of them were awarded second prizes with
250-762: The Hochstift’s director from 1925 to 1960, expanded the collection by purchasing the manuscripts of Achim and Bettina von Arnim and Novalis . Beutler wanted to open a museum to display them in the house of the Brentano family [ de ] in Große Sandgasse, but that building was destroyed by bombing in World War II. In 2012, the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels departed its premises at Großer Hirschgraben 17–21 (the plot adjacent to
275-577: The basement—which currently serves as a display room—from the actual hall in the main floor. In 1963, US President John F. Kennedy gave a major speech in the Paulskirche during his visit to the country. For the 150th birthday of the German democratic experience in 1998, St Paul's once again attracted public interest. Today St. Paul's is no longer used as a church, instead it became a venue used for various displays and events. The most well-known
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#1732772477867300-483: The church to develop the first constitution for a united Germany. The resistance of Prussia , the Austrian Empire and a number of smaller German states ultimately destroyed the effort. In May 1849, there were a number of uprisings to force the implementation of the constitution, but these were destroyed with the help of Prussia. On 30 May 1849, the Paulskirchenparlament was dissolved. After 1852, St. Paul's
325-399: The city concluded to exchange the congregation's usufruct to this building for that of old St. Nicholas Church, only damaged by bombing. St. Paul's was reopened on the centennial of the Frankfurt Parliament. Due to financial restraints and an altered concept of use, the original inner form was dramatically altered by the architectural team of Rudolf Schwarz . An inserted floor now divides
350-543: The collection. The museum is unique in its focus spanning the German Romantic era as a whole and holds the largest collection related to German Romanticism worldwide. In August 2022, the museum's first temporary exhibition opened under the name "Zeichnen im Zeitalter Goethes" ("Drawing in Goethe's Time"), which displays drawings by well-known artists such as Henry Fuseli and Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein from
375-412: The eternal gratuitous usufruct of nine city-owned church buildings by six Lutheran congregations and three Catholic parishes. Other religious groups, such as Jews and Reformed Protestants were not part of that government funding. Because of its typical Protestant centralised design ( Predigtkirche ), allowing everybody easily to hear the reverend or speaker, it was desired as the meeting place for
400-618: The exhibition rooms behind it from daylight. The stairs are called Himmelstreppe ("stairway to heaven") because they appear "endless" through an optical illusion. The colour blue, symbolising the Blaue Blume of the Romantic era, dominates there and is used for other accents such as the Blauer Erker , a bay towards the street with windows of blue glass. The architecture of the new building has been described as "spectacular", while
425-536: The free city issued the "deeds of dotation" ( Dotationsurkunde ) fixing its long-lasting practice of owning and maintaining the church buildings in its old city centre (so-called dotation churches ; Dotationskirchen), but leaving their usage to congregations of the Lutheran state church or parishes of the Catholic church , newly emancipated during the Napoleonic era . The deed of dotation statutorily established
450-557: The interior from this most important era for St Paul's Church and the history of German democracy. The Free City of Frankfurt , then governing its legally non-separated Lutheran state church , commissioned Johann Andreas Liebhardt [ de ] to construct the oval-shaped central church building in 1789. The new church building was to replace the former Church of the Discalced (Barfüßerkirche), which had been torn down in 1786 due to dilapidation. Constructions halted during
475-578: The medieval Holy Roman Empire for a model of unity in the arts, religion, and society. A major product of the invasion and military occupation, beginning under the First French Republic and continuing under Napoleon , of the traditionally politically and religiously balkanized Germanosphere was the development of Pan-Germanism and romantic nationalism , which eventually created the German Confederation of 1815 and
500-427: The movement were Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder (1773–1798), Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854), Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834), Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829), August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), Ludwig Tieck (1773–1853), and Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) (1772–1801). The early German Romantics strove to create a new synthesis of art, philosophy, and science, by viewing
525-571: The request to finish their proposals within two months. On 24 September 2014, the jury decided to combine two designs, giving the courts to the Landes ;& Partner [ de ] , and the new museum building to Christoph Mäckler [ de ] . Construction began on 13 June 2016, and the museum opened on 14 September 2021. The museum's permanent collection features paintings by Caspar David Friedrich and other Romantic painters. Manuscripts and letters feature prominently in
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#1732772477867550-722: The stairway to heaven has been called "a work of art in its own right". The third floor offers a view of the Frankfurt skyline, making the Paulskirche , the Cathedral , and the European Central Bank appear as though they are positioned next to one another. The gross floor area is 3,244 m (34,920 sq ft) and the effective floor area is 2,080 m (22,400 sq ft). German Romanticism German Romanticism (German: Deutsche Romantik )
575-523: Was again used for Lutheran services. In March 1944, during World War II , the church was destroyed along with much of the Frankfurt wider city centre in the Allied Bombing of Frankfurt . As a tribute to its symbolism of freedom and as the cradle of Germany, it was the first structure in Frankfurt the city rebuilt after the war. However, the city itself wanted to make use of the to-be-reconstructed building, thus St. Paul's Lutheran congregation and
600-556: Was replaced by St Catherine's Church. From 1848 to 1849, the delegates of the Frankfurt National Assembly , the first parliament for the whole of Germany, met in the neoclassical circular building designed by architect Johann Friedrich Christian Hess. Alongside Hambach Castle, St Paul's Church is thus regarded as a symbol of the democratic movement in Germany and a national symbol. However, almost nothing remains of
625-469: Was the dominant intellectual movement of German-speaking countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, influencing philosophy, aesthetics, literature, and criticism. Compared to English Romanticism , the German variety developed relatively early, and, in the opening years, coincided with Weimar Classicism (1772–1805). The early period, roughly 1797 to 1802, is referred to as Frühromantik or Jena Romanticism . The philosophers and writers central to
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