A stinger (or sting ) is a sharp organ found in various animals (typically insects and other arthropods ) capable of injecting venom , usually by piercing the epidermis of another animal.
16-589: (Redirected from Devil Rays ) Devil ray may refer to: Rays of the genus Mobula , cartilaginous fish including: Pygmy devil ray , Mobula eregoodootenkee Lesser devil ray , Mobula hypostoma Spinetail mobula , Mobula japanica Shortfin devil ray , Mobula kuhlii Devil fish , Mobula mobular Munk's devil ray , Mobula munkiana Lesser Guinean devil ray , Mobula rochebrunei Chilean devil ray , Mobula tarapacana Bentfin devil ray , Mobula thurstoni Manta ray , Manta birostris ,
32-474: A toxin in which formic acid is one recognized constituent, and the other secreting an alkaline neurotoxin ; acting independently, each toxin is rather mild, but when they combine through the sting, the combination has strong irritating properties. In a small number of cases, the second occasion of a bee or wasp sting causes a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis . While the overwhelming majority of insects withdraw their stingers from their victims,
48-432: A few insects leave them in the wounds. For example, of the 20,000 species of bees worldwide, only the half-dozen species of honeybees ( Apis ) are reported to have a barbed stinger that cannot be withdrawn; of wasps, nearly all are reported to have smooth stingers with the exception of two species, Polybia rejecta and Synoeca surinama . A few non-insect arthropods, such as scorpions , also sting. Among arthropods ,
64-655: A lesser degree, morphological evidence, the genus was redefined in 2017. Under this arrangement, Manta is included in Mobula . FishBase recognizes 11 species: Extinct species by Shark-References: Stinger An insect sting is complicated by its introduction of venom , although not all stings are venomous. Bites, which can introduce saliva as well as additional pathogens and diseases, are often confused with stings, and vice versa. Specific components of venom are believed to give rise to an allergic reaction , which in turn produces skin lesions that may vary from
80-403: A pain-producing agent and the other in the distribution and penetration of the paralyzing components to vulnerable sites in the offender. This helps in the rapid immobilization of the animal or of the body parts receiving the venom. Spiders only bite, although some tarantulas have barbed bristles called urticating hairs . Certain caterpillars also have urticating hairs. Centipedes also possess
96-413: A small itching weal, or slightly elevated area of the skin, to large areas of inflamed skin covered by vesicles and crusted lesions . Stinging insects produce a painful swelling of the skin, the severity of the lesion varying according to the location of the sting, the identity of the insect and the sensitivity of the subject. Many species of bees and wasps have two poison glands, one gland secreting
112-404: A sting or stinger is a sharp organ, often connected with a venom gland and adapted to inflict a wound by piercing, as with the caudal sting of a scorpion . Stings are usually located at the rear of the animal. Animals with stings include bees, wasps (including hornets ), some ants like fire ants , and scorpions , as well as a single beetle species ( Onychocerus albitarsis ) that can deliver
128-541: A stinger, it is encased, rendering it harmless; only M. mobular has a "free" stinger. The genus was named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810 describing the devil fish , Raia mobular or now Mobula mobular . The name can be explained from Latin mobilis "mobile" or "movable", because of the species' migratory habits; another explanation is that mobula is a local name used by people living in Azores who call this creature there. Based on genetics and, to
144-431: A venomous sting from its antennae, whose terminal segments have evolved to resemble a scorpion's tail. In all stinging Hymenoptera the sting is a modified ovipositor . Unlike most other stings, honey bee workers' stings are strongly barbed and lodge in the flesh of mammals upon use, tearing free from the honey bee's body, killing the bee within minutes. The sting has its own ganglion , and it continues to saw into
160-521: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mobula Mobula is a genus of rays in the family Mobulidae that is found worldwide in tropical and warm, temperate seas. Some authorities consider this to be a subfamily of the Myliobatidae (eagle rays). Their appearance is similar to that of manta rays , which are in the same family, and based on genetic and morphological evidence,
176-631: Is not barbed and can be used to sting repeatedly. The description of barbed or unbarbed is not precise: there are barbs on the stings of yellowjacket wasps and the Mexican honey wasp , but the barbs are so small that the wasp can sometimes withdraw its sting apparatus from victim's skin. The stings of some wasps, such as those of the Polistes versicolor , contain relatively large amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in its venoms. The 5-HT in these venoms has been found to play at least two roles: one as
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#1732772595737192-745: The 'R' Class Appalachian League Devil Ray, a Justice League Unlimited villain based on the DC Comics villain Black Manta Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Devil ray . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Devil_ray&oldid=1099955494 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Fish common name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
208-505: The largest of the rays Tampa Bay Rays , an American League baseball team based St. Petersburg, Florida, known as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays from 1998–2007 Several of the franchise's affiliated minor league baseball teams use "Devil Rays" or "Rays" as a nickname: Southwest Michigan Devil Rays of Battle Creek, Michigan, in the single 'A' Class Midwest League Princeton Rays of Princeton, West Virginia, in
224-403: The mantas belong in Mobula (they are traditionally in their own genus Manta ). Species of this genus are often collectively referred to as " devil rays ", " flying mobula ", or simply " flying rays ", due to their propensity for breaching , sometimes in a spectacular manner. These rays gather in groups and leap out of the surface into the air up to around two metres before splashing back into
240-548: The target's flesh and release venom for several minutes. This trait is of obvious disadvantage to the individual but protects the hive from attacks by large animals; aside from the effects of the venom, the remnant also marks the stung animal with honey bee alarm pheromone. The barbs of a honey bee's attack are only suicidal if the skin is elastic, as is characteristic of vertebrates such as birds and mammals; honey bees can sting other insects repeatedly without dying. The sting of nearly all other bees and other sting-bearing organisms
256-406: The water. Depending on the species, the devil rays can attain widths up to 1.1–5.2 m (3.6–17.1 ft), the largest being second only to the manta rays in size, which can reach 5.5–7.0 m (18.0–23.0 ft). Despite their size, little is known about the devil rays, much of it anecdotal; the manta rays are better known. Most species entirely lack a tail stinger . In most species having
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