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49-570: Diakonissestiftelsen was founded in 1866 at the initiative of Crown Princess Louise , consort of the later king Christian IX . She instigated Louise Conring to make a study trip to Sweden, where the order had been active for ten years, and to Germany where pastor Theodor Fliedner had opened the first Deaconess motherhouse in 1836 in Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth in 1836. A building in Smallegade near their current site, contained

98-455: A Neo-Gothic style inspired by medieval monasteries and manor houses. The complex has later been expanded by Gotfred Tvede (1922–1923) and Harald Gad (1937–1939). To the rear of the main complex, facing the garden, is a couple of wash houses. Other buildings in the grounds include Søster Sophies Minde , located on Sønder Fasanvej. It was built in the 1950s to provide residences for retired Deaconess sisters. Diakonissestiftelsen also owns

147-524: A popular symbol of family life. Significant events in her life included her silver wedding anniversary on 26 May 1867, when she received great public praise; her 70th birthday celebration of 1887; the golden wedding anniversary of 1892, and her 80th birthday in 1897. The great dynastic success of Louise's six children was to a great extent a result of Louise's own ambitions rather than the efforts of her husband Christian IX. Some have compared Louise's dynastic capabilities with those of Queen Victoria . She

196-532: A small hospital and residences for the Deaconess sisters. Their current site was inaugurated in 1876. Their hospital in Smallegade closed in 1880. The Deaconesses' premises comprise 33,000 square metres (360,000 sq ft) of buildings on 4 hectares (9.9 acres) of land. The original main building is a long three-winged building which runs along Peter Bange Vej. It was designed by Hans Jørgen Holm in

245-659: A succession crisis. Christian commenced arrangements to secure the succession in Denmark . The result was the selection of the future Christian IX as hereditary prince, the choice made official by a new law enacted on 31 July 1853 after an international treaty made in London. King Christian died of sepsis in Amalienborg Palace in 1848 and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral on the island of Zealand ,

294-474: Is little evidence to support this. On 3 December 1839 he ascended the Danish throne as Christian VIII. The Liberal party had high hopes of "the giver of constitutions." However, by this time, Christian had become more conservative, and disappointed his admirers by steadily rejecting every Liberal project. Administrative reform was the only reform he would promise. In his attitude to the growing national unrest in

343-547: The Deaconess institution she founded. Louise was Queen Consort of Denmark for 35 years, longer than any other Danish Queen before her. Louise had the following six children with Christian. Eventually, they had forty grandchildren, including the illegitimate daughter of Thyra. Christian VIII Christian VIII (18 September 1786 – 20 January 1848) was King of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick , King of Norway in 1814. Christian Frederick

392-653: The Deaconess profession in Denmark. In 1891, she initiated the Foreningen til Oprettelse af Friskolebørneasyler i Kbh.s Arbejderkvarter (Foundation for the Establishment of Charter school's Asylums in the Labour Quarters of Copenhagen). She founded the Belønnings- og Forsørgelsesforeningen (The Reward- and Self-supporting Foundation) in 1881, supported domestic servants by providing financial aid to

441-671: The Dronning Louises Børnehospital ( Queen Louise's Children's Hospital ). In 1857, she founded the Louisestiftelsen (Louise Foundation), an orphanage for girls with the purpose of raising them to a life of domestic servants, which illustrated her deeply conservative ideals. Her most known project, and one which she herself referred to as her most important, was the Diakonissestiftelsen (The Deaconess Foundation) in 1863, which introduced

490-523: The Duchy of Holstein . It was here, that Charlotte Frederica gave birth to their first-born son, Prince Christian Frederick, who was born and died on 8 April 1807. From 1808 the couple lived in Copenhagen, where they took residence partly at Levetzau's Palace at Amalienborg, and partly at Sorgenfri Palace. On 6 October 1808, their second son and only surviving child was born, Prince Frederick Carl Christian,

539-915: The House of Oldenburg . Louise was thus ineligible to inherit the Holstein throne - which was under agnatic succession . This threatened the continued existence of the joint monarchy between Denmark and the two duchies. Denmark and its fief Schleswig both followed the succession rules in the King's Law giving Louise a strong claim to the Danish throne. Louise was married at the Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen on 26 May 1842 to her double second cousin Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg who in 1863 became King Christian IX of Denmark. The marriage combined Christian's weak claim to

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588-543: The 1848-51 First Schleswig War . That house was consequently struck from the line of succession. This cemented that Prince Christian of Glücksburg would become the next monarch. Louise's mother and siblings renounced their rights to the Danish throne to her and Louise herself in turn renounced her rights in favour of her husband. In 1852, this succession order was confirmed by the Nordic countries and foreign powers in London. Christian and Louise's children would now be heirs to

637-540: The Danish throne both due to compliance with the King's Law and due to international treaty. This resolved the succession to the Danish crown, but not Denmark's future relation to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. German Holstein's historic law of succession was Salic, thus exclusively male, and could not easily be reconciled with Christian's claim as long as the Augustenborgs survived and Prussia offered itself as

686-558: The Dowager Queen Juliane Marie , and their adviser Ove Høegh-Guldberg . In 1784, however, the king's only son, the young Crown Prince Frederick (later King Frederick VI ), had seized power in a palace revolution and was now the real ruler. In Prince Christian Frederick's childhood, his family had a strained relationship with the Crown Prince and his family as a result of these power struggles, but gradually

735-533: The Hereditary Prince's goodwill towards his hofmarschall and continues: ... my uncle appreciates the creator of the four, very adorable princes and princesses too much to want to send him away. When Prince Christian Frederick was born, his father's half-brother, Christian VII , was the King of Denmark-Norway , but due to the king's mental illness, he was not able to rule himself. From 1772, Hereditary Prince Frederick had ruled together with his mother,

784-420: The King disapproved of Christian succeeding him. The two couples thus had a tense relationship and spent little time together. On 15 November 1863 King Frederick VII died and Christian became King of Denmark . The relationship between Louise and Christian seems to have been at least partially a marriage of love, and is described as happy: she supported him in his struggle to be acknowledged as heir-presumptive to

833-416: The age of 52, and the nineteen-year-old Prince Christian Frederik inherited his place as second-in-line in the succession as well as the two residences, Levetzau's Palace and Sorgenfri Palace. As King Christian VII died on 13 March 1808, Crown Prince Frederick became king of Denmark and Norway as Frederick VI. Since the new king still had no male descendants, Christian Frederick thus became heir presumptive to

882-448: The age of just 36 years. Christian Frederick was raised conservatively according to the guidelines of minister Ove Høegh-Guldberg , who had been ousted from government in 1784 along with the hereditary prince. His upbringing was marked by a thorough and broad-spectrum education with exposure to artists and scientists who were linked to his father's court. He inherited the talents of his highly gifted mother, and his love of science and art

931-410: The age of three. As a niece of King Christian VIII , who ruled Denmark between 1839 and 1848, Louise was very close to the succession after several individuals of the royal house of Denmark who were elderly and childless. As children, her brother Frederick Wilhelm , her sisters and she were the closest relatives of King Christian VIII who were likely to produce heirs. It was increasingly obvious that

980-1056: The area was settled in April 2012 with two interdisciplinary teams led by Tegnestuen Vandkunsten and Cubo Arkitekter as joint winners. A competition for the expansion and adaption of Søster Sofies Minde was won by Arkitema in December 2013. Diakonissestiftelsen is home to an educational centre, UC Diakonissestiftelsen , which offers four courses of education: Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Social and Health Care Education; Bachelor of Christianity, Culture and Communication; and an HF program focusing on health and innovation. 55°40′42″N 12°31′07″E  /  55.6784°N 12.5187°E  / 55.6784; 12.5187 Louise of Hesse-Kassel Louise of Hesse-Kassel ( German : Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie , Danish : Louise Vilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie ; 7 September 1817 – 29 September 1898)

1029-400: The contemporary view of an exemplary family life, the royal family was regarded as a morally correct role model. Because of this, the pregnancy of her unmarried daughter Thyra in 1870 became a burden; Louise took control of the situation and hid it from public knowledge by sending Thyra to give birth abroad, keeping the whole affair a family secret. As queen, Louise lived a life isolated from

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1078-490: The court. For this reason, her husband divorced her in 1810, sent her into internal exile in the town of Horsens , and prohibited her from ever seeing her son again. In May 1813, as the heir presumptive of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, Christian was sent as stattholder ( Governor-general of Norway ) to Norway to promote the loyalty of the Norwegians to the House of Oldenburg , which had been very badly shaken by

1127-537: The disastrous results of Frederick VI 's adhesion to the falling fortunes of Napoleon I of France . Christian did all he could personally to strengthen the bonds between the Norwegians and the royal house. Though his endeavours were opposed by the so-called Swedish party, which desired a dynastic union with Sweden , he placed himself at the head of the Norwegian party of independence after the Treaty of Kiel had forced

1176-483: The family lost their Copenhagen home, as Christiansborg Palace was devastated by a fire. Instead the Hereditary Prince bought the Levetzau's Palace , an 18th-century town house which forms part of the Amalienborg Palace complex in the district Frederiksstaden in central Copenhagen . In november of the same year, when he was eight years old, his mother, who had long suffered from a fragile health, died at Sorgenfri

1225-481: The family, however, it was widely acknowledged that the biological father most likely was the Hereditary Prince's aide-de-camp and hofmarschall Frederick von Blücher , who probably also fathered Christian Frederick's three younger siblings: Princess Juliane Sophie , Princess Louise Charlotte and Prince Frederick Ferdinand . In a letter written by Crown Prince Frederick to his brother-in-law Duke Frederick Christian II of Augustenburg in 1805, he thus mentions

1274-423: The future King Frederick VII of Denmark . Nonetheless, their married life was unhappy. Charlotte Frederica was described as very beautiful in her youth, but her character was thought to be moody, capricious, frivolous and mythomaniac, qualities that were later said to recur in her son, Frederick VII. Her alleged affair with her singing teacher, Swiss-born singer and composer Édouard Du Puy , led to her removal from

1323-452: The great powers in Norway's cause, but without success. On being pressed by the commissioners of the allied powers to bring about a union between Norway and Sweden in accordance with the terms of the treaty of Kiel, and then return to Denmark, he replied that, as a constitutional king, he could do nothing without the consent of the parliament ( Storting ), which would not be convoked until there

1372-422: The house Marthabo on the other side of Peter Bangsvej (No. 12) which houses a kindergarten. The building is from 1885 and was designed by C. Lendorff. In 2011, Diakonissestiftelsen announced plans for a DKK 500 million redevelopment of their site with the twofold ambition to integrate it more in the surrounding cityscape and creating a hub for social and healthcare-related activities. A masterplan competition for

1421-455: The ill, during unemployment and in retirement. Louise was deeply conservative, and her charitable work has been interpreted as a fear of socialism and the growing workers movement . Queen Louise died peacefully at Bernstorff Palace aged 81 on 29 September 1898 and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral near Copenhagen on 15 October 1898. During her last years, she become deaf and infirm, and her needs were taken care of by two deaconesses from

1470-673: The international champion of German nationalism. In 1864, this conflict resulted in the Second Schleswig War . By 1853, Denmark had become a constitutional monarchy and Parliament amended the Danish law of succession proclaiming Christian Hereditary Prince of Denmark, thus cementing that he would succeed when King Frederick VII died (unless the uncle of King Frederick, Prince Ferdinand , would outlive his nephew). Although Frederick disapproved of this choice he signed it into law on 3 July 1853. Louise disapproved of Frederick VII's non-dynastic marriage to Louise Rasmussen and in turn

1519-447: The island of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen . He was officially the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . His father was a younger son of the deceased King Frederick V of Denmark -Norway and his second wife, Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , and his mother was a daughter of Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . On 28 September 1786,

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1568-581: The king to cede Norway to the king of Sweden. He was elected Regent of Norway by an assembly of notables on 16 February 1814. This election was confirmed by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly convoked at Eidsvoll on 10 April, and on 17 May the constitution was signed and Christian was unanimously elected king of Norway under the name Christian Frederick (Kristian Frederik in Norwegian ). Christian next attempted to interest

1617-448: The only sister of Frederick VI) at Augustenborg Palace on 22 May 1815. The couple was childless and lived in comparative retirement as leaders of the literary and scientific society of Copenhagen until Christian ascended the throne of Denmark. Christian had ten extramarital children, for whom he carefully provided. It has been suggested that these extramarital children included the fairy tale author Hans Christian Andersen , though there

1666-552: The opportunity to preserve the undivided monarchy. In 1847, King Christian VIII decided that the throne should pass to Prince Christian of Glücksburg in the event that crown prince Frederick (the later Frederick VII) fathered no dynastic sons. This choice was communicated to the Great Powers of Europe. The situation remained disputed and succession was a main reason for the House of Augustenburg rebelling against Denmark in

1715-588: The people and did not seek a relationship with or recognition from the public. She took no part in state affairs; her political interests focused on the arranged dynastic marriages of her children and were affected by her anti-German views. The high status marriages she arranged for her children secured the newly established Danish dynasty international status, connecting Denmark to Great Britain , Russia , Sweden and Greece . Known as "The Mother-in-law of Europe," her annual family gatherings at Bernstorff and Fredensborg attracted more attention every year and made her

1764-528: The relationship between the two branches of the royal family was normalized. Prince Christian Frederick spent the first years of his life with his siblings in the vast and magnificent Baroque Christiansborg Palace . As the family's summer residence, Hereditary Prince Friedrich in 1789 bought the smaller and elegant country house , Sorgenfri Palace , on the banks of the small river Mølleåen in Kongens Lyngby , north of Copenhagen. On 26 February 1794,

1813-519: The scientific journal Astronomische Nachrichten . It was during his reign that the last remnants of Danish India , namely Tranquebar in the south and Serampore in Bengal, were sold to the British in 1845. His only legitimate son, the future Frederick VII (1808–1863) was married three times, but produced no legitimate issue. Since he was apparently unlikely to beget heirs, Christian wished to avert

1862-421: The throne and returned to Denmark. The Storting in its turn adopted the constitutional amendments necessary to allow for a personal union with Sweden and on 4 November elected Charles XIII of Sweden as the new king of Norway, Charles II. Upon his return to Denmark, Christian married his second wife, Princess Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (daughter of Louise Augusta of Denmark ,

1911-407: The throne of Denmark, and the couple became strongly attached to each other during the years of succession struggle. Her loyalty is said to have been of great importance to him, and Christian is described as dependent upon her intelligence, judgment and psychological strength, all of which were considered to be superior to his own. Their life style is described as simple and puritan, and as this suited

1960-488: The throne with Louise's senior claim. The couple lived a quiet family life but their claims to the throne were disputed for more than a decade. Louise's claim to the throne was challenged by the House of Augustenborg which held the stronger claim to the Holstein throne and a subsidiary claim to the Danish and Schleswig thrones. The House of Augustenborg argued that the King's Law was purely agnatic and presented itself as

2009-611: The throne. On a visit to his mother's relatives in Mecklenburg , Prince Christian Frederick stayed at his uncle's court in Schwerin, where he fell in love with his cousin, Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . Charlotte Frederica was a daughter of the reigning Duke Friedrich Franz I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg . They married two years later, on 21 June 1806, at Ludwigslust . The young couple first settled at Plön Castle in

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2058-443: The traditional male line succession might come to an end within a generation as the crown prince was childless despite two marriages. Louise was one of the females descending from Frederick III of Denmark , and she enjoyed the remainder provisions of the Danish agnatic-cognetic succession according to the King's Law in the event that Frederick III's male line became extinct. Louise and her siblings were not agnatic descendants of

2107-440: The twin duchies of Schleswig and Holstein he often seemed hesitant and half-hearted, which damaged his position there. It was not until 1846 that he clearly supported the idea of Schleswig being a Danish area. King Christian VIII continued his predecessor's patronage of astronomy , awarding gold medals for the discovery of comets by telescope and financially supporting Heinrich Christian Schumacher with his publication of

2156-413: The young prince was baptized with the names Christian Frederick in his mother's chamber at Christiansborg Palace by the royal confessor Christian Bastholm. His godparents were King Christian VII (his uncle), the dowager queen Juliana Maria (his grandmother), Crown Prince Frederick (his cousin), Princess Louise Augusta (his cousin), and Hereditary Prince Frederick Christian of Augustenburg . In

2205-515: Was Queen of Denmark as the wife of King Christian IX from 15 November 1863 until her death in 1898. From 1863 to 1864, she was concurrently Duchess of Schleswig , Holstein and Lauenburg . Louise was born as the daughter of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Charlotte of Denmark . Her siblings included Princess Marie Luise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel , Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Auguste Sophie Friederike of Hesse-Kassel . Louise of Hesse lived in Denmark from

2254-590: Was a suspension of hostilities on the part of Sweden. Sweden refused Christian's conditions and a short military campaign ensued in which the Norwegian army was defeated by the forces of the Swedish crown prince Charles John . The brief war concluded with the Convention of Moss on 14 August 1814. By the terms of this treaty, King Christian Frederick transferred executive power to the Storting, then abdicated

2303-428: Was instilled at an early age and would follow him throughout his life. His amiability and handsome features are said to have made him very popular in Copenhagen . He was confirmed on 22 May 1803 in the chapel of Frederiksberg Palace together with his sisters Princess Juliane Sophie and Princess Louise Charlotte. A year and a half later, on 7 December 1805, the children's father, Hereditary Prince Frederick, died at

2352-412: Was interested in music and painting. She acted as the patron of artists such as Elisabeth Jerichau Baumann . Some of Louise's own paintings were exhibited and given as gifts to members of other royal dynasties. Louise supported 26 different charitable organizations. Among them were Vallø stift ; Kronprinsesse Louises praktiske Tjenestepigeskole (The Servant Girls' School of Crown Princess Louise) and

2401-528: Was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick , a younger son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. As his cousin Frederick VI had no sons, Christian Frederick was heir presumptive to the throne from 1808. Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark and Norway was born late in the morning on 18 September 1786 at Christiansborg Palace , the principal residence of the Danish Monarchy on

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