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79-504: Operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico (GAP), Bajío Airport derives its name from the cultural region "El Bajío" ( the lowland ), which is situated within the central Mexican plateau . It ranks as the ninth-busiest airport in Mexico in terms of passenger numbers and the seventh-busiest for international passenger traffic. In 2022, the airport served 2,603,200 passengers, a figure that increased to 3,220,800 passengers in 2023, marking

158-453: A Japanese garden), ponds, a bird lake, instructional areas for school field days, playgrounds, camping areas, and horses to ride. Other places of interest around Guadalajara include Camachos Aquatic Natural Park, a commercial water park, and Barranca Colimilla, a beautiful canyon with hiking trails near Tonala, east of Guadalajara. Guadalajara's street plan has evolved over time into a radial urban plan , with five major routes into and out of

237-666: A comprehensive plan of airport development that is described in the Development Master Plan 2010–2014. To meet the objective to adapt the infrastructures of their airports, GAP foresees investing approximately 2,770 million pesos in the period 2010–2014. In February 2006, shares of GAP were enlisted in the NYSE under "PAC", and in the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores under "GAP". GAP derives income from passenger traffic and through marketing of its commercial spaces. In

316-622: A departures concourse with gates 4-6 that provide direct access to the apron, enabling passengers to walk to their aircraft. From this departure concourse, access to the upper floor is available, which houses snack bars, souvenir shops, and gates 1 to 3, which are equipped with jet bridges for boarding. Bajío Airport currently lacks direct public transportation services, requiring travelers to use other transport options. The airport provides both short-term and long-term parking facilities. Car rental services are available on-site, with rental counters for Hertz, Budget, Veico, and City Car Rental located in

395-430: A direct flight from Rome, Italy , during his first and only visit to Mexico. At the end of 2015, work began on the construction of a parallel taxiway along the entire length of the runway . In August 2016, the airport opened its first and only VIP lounge , while modernization and expansion work in the departure area and the entire terminal began, including the relocation of the customs and immigration checkpoint. Work

474-527: A dispute with one of its largest shareholders, Grupo México , which held more than 20% of the Group's shares and announced plans to increase its stake to over 30%. According to GAP bylaws, no one shareholder can control more than 10% of the company's float. In 2015, the parties reached an agreement, with Grupo México announcing it has reduced its stake in GAP, although not enough to meet GAP bylaws. GAP has developed

553-604: A metro population of 1 million in the 1960s and surpassing 3 million in the 1990s. Guadalajara is a Gamma+ global city , and one of Mexico's most important cultural centers. It is home to numerous mainstays of Mexican culture , including Mariachi , Tequila , and Birria and hosts numerous notable events, including the Guadalajara International Film Festival , one of the most important film festival in Latin America, and

632-402: A single runway , designated as 13/31, with a length of 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) and an asphalt surface. The commercial aviation apron provides nine stands for receiving narrow-body aircraft. The general aviation apron offers stands for fixed-wing aircraft, in addition to heliports for private aviation. The airport also includes a cargo area called "Puerto Interior," which connects

711-502: A substantial 23.7% growth compared to the previous year and becoming the ninth airport in Mexico to surpass three million passengers in a calendar year. The airport was inaugurated in 1991 by President Carlos Salinas de Gortari , replacing the former San Carlos International Airport located in León. The growing industrial activity in the Bajío region and the massive migration of Mexicans to

790-683: Is a Mexican airport operator headquartered in Guadalajara , Mexico . It operates 12 airports in central and northwestern Mexico and two in Jamaica . GAP's airports include major urban areas, including Guadalajara , Tijuana , and León , as well as major tourist destinations, including Los Cabos , Puerto Vallarta , and Montego Bay . It is the largest airport operator in Mexico based on passenger traffic, with over 56 million passengers traveling through its 12 terminals in Mexico, and an additional 7 million passengers travelling through Jamaica. GAP

869-424: Is a National Park located just north of the municipality of Guadalajara. The barranca (canyon) borders two colonias (neighborhoods) of the city, Oblatos and Huentitan. It covers approximately 1,136 hectares (2,810 acres), and varies 600 meters (2,000 ft) in altitude. The funicular railway in the park starts at 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) above sea level and rises to 1,520 meters (4,990 ft) above sea level. In

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948-484: Is a city in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco . According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 8th most populous city in Mexico, while the Guadalajara metropolitan area has a population of 5,268,642 people, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in the country and the twenty-second largest metropolitan area in the Americas . Guadalajara has

1027-593: Is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the NYSE through ADRs since 2006. It is a constituent of the IPC , the main benchmark index of the Mexican Stock Exchange . Prior to 1998, Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (ASA), a federal corporation, was responsible for the construction, development, and operation of all airports in Mexico. At the time, ASA's network included 58 commercial airports covering major cities and tourist destinations throughout

1106-479: Is studied by national and international researchers as it contains great biological diversity due to its geographical location. On June 5, 1997, it was declared a Protected Natural Area, as an Area Subject to Ecological Conservation (Zona Sujeta a Conservación Ecológica). La Cascada Cola de Caballo (The Horse Tail Waterfall) is located on the Guadalajara to Zacatecas road (Highway 54, km 15) a few kilometers from

1185-625: Is to reduce environmental impacts associated with airport activity and infrastructure development by defining the measures for its prevention, protection, improvement and correction in its case. In relation to these programs, GAP has been awarded an Environmental Certificate granted by the Federal Office for Environmental Protection. The company operates five of the ten busiest airport in Mexico by passenger traffic: Guadalajara (3rd), Tijuana (5th), Los Cabos (6th), Puerto Vallarta (7th), and Bajío (9th). Traffic figures have grown significantly since

1264-634: The Porfiriato (1876–1911), with the advent of the industrial revolution , but its growth was hampered significantly during the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). In 1929, the Cristero War ended within the confines of the city, when President Plutarco Elías Calles proclaimed the Grito de Guadalajara . The city saw continuous growth throughout the rest of the 20th century, attaining

1343-591: The Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara , two of the highest-ranked universities in Mexico. The conquistador Cristóbal de Oñate named the city in honor of the conqueror of western Mexico, Nuño de Guzmán , who was born in Guadalajara , Spain , which is derived from Moorish Arabic وادي الحجارة ( wādī al-ḥajārah ), which means 'Valley of the Stones', or 'Fortress Valley'. Unlike

1422-510: The Battle of Calderón Bridge . New Galicia, now Jalisco, adhered to the Plan de Iguala on June 13, 1821. In 1823, Guadalajara became the capital of the newly founded state of Jalisco. In 1844, General Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga initiated a revolt against the government of President Antonio López de Santa Anna . Santa Anna personally ensured that the revolt was quelled. However, while Santa Anna

1501-647: The Guadalajara International Book Fair , the largest book fair in the Americas. The city was the American Capital of Culture in 2005 and has hosted numerous global events, including the 1970 FIFA World Cup , the 1986 FIFA World Cup , the 1st Ibero-American Summit in 1991, and the 2011 Pan American Games . The city is home to numerous universities and research institutions, including the University of Guadalajara and

1580-636: The Hospital Real de San Miguel de Belén  [ es ] , or simply the Hospital de Belén, was opened. In 1793, Mariano Valdés Téllez Giron ran the city's first printing press, whose first publication was a funeral eulogy for Fray Antonio Alcalde. Guadalajara remained the capital of Nueva Galicia with some modifications until the Mexican War of Independence . Miguel Hidalgo entered San Pedro (now Tlaquepaque ) on November 25, 1810, and

1659-688: The Teatro Degollado , the Templo Expiatorio , the UNESCO World Heritage site Hospicio Cabañas , and the San Juan de Dios Market —the largest indoor market in Latin America. A settlement was established in the region of Guadalajara in early 1532 by Cristóbal de Oñate , a Basque conquistador in the expedition of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán . The settlement was renamed and moved several times before assuming

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1738-603: The explosions of April 22, 1992 , the Mexican peso crisis of 1994, and the murder of the Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo in 1993. The 1992 explosions caused massive infrastructure damage to hundreds of houses, avenues, streets, and businesses in the Analco neighborhood ( barrio ), "without a clear delineator of information and responsibilities to date", in one of the most tragic events in

1817-796: The 16th century, during the Spanish Conquest, the Huentitán area including the canyon was the site of battles between local Indian populations and the Spanish. Later, it was the site of battles between different factions during the Mexican Revolution and the Cristero Rebellion . The canyon is a biogeographic corridor that is home to four types of vegetation: deciduous tropical forest, gallery forest, heath vegetation, and secondary vegetation. In addition to introduced species, there are many native species of flora and fauna. The canyon

1896-424: The 1970s it was Mexico's second-largest city and the largest in western Mexico. Most of the modern city's urbanization took place between the 1940s and the 1980s, with the population doubling every ten years until it stood at 2.5 million in 1980. The population of the municipality has stagnated, and even declined, slowly but steadily, since the early 1990s. The increase in population brought with it an increase in

1975-541: The 1980s, it was described as a "divided city" east to west based on socioeconomic class. Since then, the city has evolved into four sectors, which are still more or less class-centered. The upper classes tend to live in Hidalgo and Juárez in the northwest and southwest, while the lower classes tend to live in the city center, Libertad in the northeast, and southeast in Reforma. However, lower class development has expanded on

2054-546: The Atemajac Valley. The colonized settlement was named for Nuño de Guzmán's Spanish hometown . In 1559, royal and bishopric offices for the province of Nueva Galicia were moved from Compostela to Guadalajara and, in 1560, Guadalajara became the province's new capital. Construction of the cathedral began in 1563. In 1575, religious orders such as the Augustinians and Dominicans arrived, eventually making

2133-612: The Atemajac site in 1669. Guadalajara was originally founded at three other sites before moving to its current location. The first colonial settlement in 1532 was in Mesa del Cerro, now known as Nochistlán , Zacatecas. This site was colonized by Cristóbal de Oñate as commissioned by Nuño de Guzmán , with the purpose of securing recent conquests and "defending" them from the "still-hostile natives". This colonized settlement did not last long due to its lack of usable water sources. In 1533 it

2212-491: The Guadalajara Observatory were established. Throughout the twentieth century, seeing growth in its industrial, tourist, and service industries, Guadalajara began a period of rapid transformation into the metropolis it is today. The city would gain the second largest economy in Mexico, following only by Mexico City . After the Mexican Revolution of 1910, Guadalajara became the second most populous city in

2291-608: The Northern Peripheral, just after passing the village of San Esteban. The waterfall is fed by a stream from the Atemajac Valley. It is close to Guadalajara and a town with very little development, and as a result of poor ecological practices, it is very polluted. El Bosque los Colomos, the Colomos Forest, is located in the northwestern part of Guadalajara along the Rio Atemajac. It is in a wealthy part of

2370-481: The United States in recent decades has been reflected in a substantial increase in international air transport demand. In 1999 the terminal went through an expansion project, improving equipment, and enhancing services for passengers. In February 2001, this airport received Air Force One during President George W. Bush's visit to Mexico. On March 23, 2012, the airport welcomed Pope Benedict XVI , who arrived on

2449-414: The airport with a freight rail and motor transportation hub. It is equipped to handle up to 26 flights per hour. The passenger terminal accommodates both arrivals and departures for domestic and international flights . The ground floor houses the arrivals area with customs and immigration facilities, the baggage claim area, and the departures section that includes a check-in area, a security checkpoint, and

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2528-409: The annual average of about 1,002 millimeters (39.4 in). During the summer, afternoon storms are very common and can sometimes bring hail flurries to the city, especially toward late August or September. Winters are relatively warm despite the city's altitude, with January daytime temperatures reaching about 25 °C (77 °F) and nighttime temperatures about 10 °C (50 °F). However,

2607-568: The arrivals hall. For intercity bus travel, Primera Plus and Unebus offer services to various destinations including León, San Miguel de Allende , Silao, Guanajuato, Purísima del Rincón , and San Francisco del Rincón . From León, passengers can connect to various destinations across Mexico. Advanced bookings can be made through shuttle services listed on local tourist websites, such as Viva Aerobus, Primera Plus, and Unebus. Grupo Aeroportuario del Pac%C3%ADfico Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico ("Pacific Airports Group"), also known as GAP ,

2686-528: The capital, Guadalajara experienced relative calm. After the Cristero Conflict, peace returned to Guadalajara and the city flourished, outgrowing its colonial roots. This period saw the birth of new schools of architecture that would decorate the city from the 1920s to the 1980s. Guadalajara again experienced substantial growth after the 1930s, and the first industrial park was established in 1947. Its population surpassed one million in 1964, and by

2765-454: The city a center for evangelization efforts. While capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia, the city's inhabitants achieved a high standard of living, due to flourishing industry, agriculture, commerce, mining, and trade. The Guadalajara of the 16th century was a rather small and often overlooked community. It was mainly frequented by traveling merchants. Several epidemics drastically reduced

2844-1053: The city for several days in a row. Snowfall is extraordinarily rare, with the last recorded one occurring in December 1997, which was the first time in 116 years, as it had previously last fallen in 1881. Guadalajara's natural wealth is represented by the La Primavera Forest , Los Colomos , and the Barranca de Huentitán . The flora in these areas includes michoacan pines, several species of oak, sweetgum, ash, willow, and introduced trees such as poincianas, jacarandas, and ficus. It also includes orchids, roses, and various species of fungi. The fauna includes typical urban fauna in addition to 106 species of mammals, 19 species of reptiles, and six species of fish. La Barranca de Huentitán (the Huentitán Forest) (also known as Barranca de Oblatos and Barranca de Oblatos-Huentitán)

2923-540: The city went through structural plans with which new areas and commercial hubs were born and with which transnational corporations and international industries arrived in the city. The city housed the first shopping malls in Mexico. The city expanded rapidly before merging with the Zapopan municipality. Among the developments created during this period were the Guadalajara Expo, the light rail, shopping centers,

3002-653: The city's indigenous population, leading to the construction of its first hospital in 1557. Guadalajara's economy during the 18th century was based on agriculture and the production of non-durable goods such as textiles, shoes and food products. Despite epidemics, plagues, and earthquakes, Guadalajara would become one of the most important population centers in New Spain . The city's heyday attracted numerous architects, philosophers, lawyers, scientists, poets, writers, and speakers; Francisco Javier Clavijero and Matías Ángel de la Mota Padilla  [ es ] were among

3081-458: The city's periphery and upper and middle classes are migrating toward Zapopan, making the situation less neatly divided. Since 1996, the activity of multinational corporations has had a significant effect on the economic and social development of the city. The presence of companies such as Kodak , Hewlett-Packard , Motorola and IBM has been based on production facilities built outside the city proper, bringing in foreign labor and capital. This

3160-516: The city), Santuario, Mexicaltzingo, Mezquitan, Analco, and San Juan de Dios. Private houses in the oldest sector of the city are mostly made up of one- and two-level houses, with architectural styles ranging from simple colonial architecture to the Churrigueresco, Baroque, and early nineteenth century European styles. Just west of the oldest part of the city are upper-class colonias built in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, containing

3239-421: The city. It is surrounded by ring roads. The original city of Guadalajara was planned on a grid, with north–south and east–west intersecting streets. Over time, villages surrounding Guadalajara were incorporated into the city - first Analco to the southeast, then Mexicaltzingo to the south, Mezquitan to the north, and San Juan de Dios to the east, all of which introduced more variety to the plan. As it grew towards

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3318-565: The commercial arena, the business strategy is focused on increasing the profit opportunities in retail spaces. To meet this strategy, the Group has placed in operation and continue to develop modern and attractive commercial areas. The objectives of Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico have been stated as: to fund the appropriate levels of infrastructure at their airports; to provide the technology, management methods, and modern operational tools to elevate levels of efficiency and operation; to meet international efficiency standards; and, finally, to maintain

3397-418: The country. In 1995, Congress passed a law regulating airport management, which allowed private operators to submit bids to operate 35 commercial airports. This process saw the emergence of four major private operators, including GAP, which was awarded a 50-year concession to operate 12 of the available airfields. Other groups emerging from this process included Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte (OMA), which

3476-556: The country. However, the decades that followed brought a number of regional wars in the states of Jalisco , Michoacán , and Guanajuato . The aftermath of the Great Depression took a further toll on the city. Fortunately, by the 1940s the city would experience industrial, demographic, and trade growth. In 1910, the Mexican Revolution began, bringing an end to the Porfiriato . With conflict concentrated in

3555-480: The end of the war. During this time, he founded the newspaper El Despertador Americano , dedicated to the insurgent cause. Royalist forces marched to Guadalajara, arriving in January 1811 with nearly 6,000 men. Insurgents Ignacio Allende and Mariano Abasolo wanted to concentrate their forces in the city and plan an escape route should they be defeated, but Hidalgo rejected this idea. Their second choice

3634-593: The expansion of streets and avenues, and the birth and development of road infrastructure, services, tourism, industrial, etc. The first shopping center in Latin America emerged in the city, the first urban electric-train system in Latin America, and the first private university in Mexico. In a 2007 survey entitled "Cities of the Future", FDi magazine ranked Guadalajara first among major Mexican cities and second among major North American cities in terms of economic potential, behind Chicago . The magazine also rated it as

3713-442: The explosion, residents started complaining of a strong gasoline -like smell coming from the sewers. City workers were dispatched to check the sewers and found dangerously high levels of gasoline fumes. However, no evacuations were ordered. An investigation into the disaster found that there were two precipitating causes. The first was new water pipes that were built too close to an existing gasoline pipeline. Chemical reactions between

3792-882: The first Cumbre Iberoamericana in 1991. The Third Summit of Heads of State and Governments of Latin America, the Caribbean, and the European Union was hosted in 2004. Guadalajara was also the venue to the Encuentro Internacional de Promotores y Gestores Culturales in 2005. The 2011 Pan American Games were staged and Guadalajara was named the American Capital of Culture in 2005 as well as the Ciudad Educadora in 2006. Guadalajara has been recognized as Mexico's first Smart City due to its use of developing technology. During each government period,

3871-525: The four sides of the Cathedral in the form of a large Latin cross, in which the cathedral is now centered. There were other, somewhat less controversial, projects to improve the flow of traffic and increase commerce in other parts of the city. Guadalajara is made up of more than 2,300 colonias (neighborhoods) in the Metropolitan Area. The oldest parts of the city include Centro (the oldest in

3950-706: The group took control of the terminals, although these figures have been impacted by global events, including the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009, the COVID-19 pandemic , and a product recall by Pratt & Whitney in 2023, affecting hundreds of aircraft operated by major airlines in Mexico. Number of passengers at each airport by 2023: Number of passengers at each airport by 2023: Guadalajara, Jalisco Guadalajara ( / ˌ ɡ w ɑː d əl ə ˈ h ɑːr ə / GWAH -də-lə- HAR -ə ; Spanish: [ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa] )

4029-404: The heinous treatment of indigenous peoples by Nuño de Guzmán, in particular the enslavement of captured natives. After multiple defeats, Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza took control of the Spanish campaign to suppress the revolt. The conflict ended after Mendoza made concessions such as freeing enslaved indigenous peoples and granting amnesty. The village of Guadalajara barely survived the war, and

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4108-399: The historic center of the city. Major controversial projects included the widening of Avenida 16 de Septiembre and Avenida Juárez, which were no longer adequate to handle car traffic in the center of the city. In the process, many buildings of architectural and historical value were demolished. Historical buildings around Guadalajara Cathedral were also demolished to leave large open spaces on

4187-404: The history of Guadalajara. The investigation of the facts lasted more than 11 years in which insufficient evidence was found to appoint a manager, investigations are now closed attributing the events to an accident. This event, in addition to Mexico's 1994 economic crisis, resulted in the loss of Guadalajara's industrial power. The city has hosted numerous important international events, such as

4266-438: The metropolitan area, and has been developed for recreation rather than being preserved in its wild state. The river was once one of the main sources of water supply to the city, and today continues to provide water to some surrounding colonias (neighborhoods). Currently, this forest covers an area of 92 hectares (230 acres) in which pine trees, eucalyptus trees, and cedars predominate. The park has jogging tracks, gardens (including

4345-531: The most business-friendly Latin American city in 2007. Under the Köppen climate classification , Guadalajara has a humid subtropical climate ( Cwa ), a temperate climate that is quite close to a tropical climate, featuring dry warm winters and wet, mildly hot summers. Guadalajara's climate is influenced by its high altitude and the general seasonality of precipitation patterns in western North America. Although

4424-541: The most prominent. In 1771, Bishop Fray Antonio Alcalde arrived in the city and founded the Civil Hospital and the University of Guadalajara . In 1791, the University of Guadalajara was established. The dedication was held in 1792 at the site of the old Santo Tomas College. While the institution was founded during the 18th century, it would not be fully developed until the 20th century, starting in 1925. In 1794,

4503-706: The name Guadalajara after the birthplace of Guzmán and ending up at its current location in the Atemajac Valley in 1542. On November 8, 1539, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had granted a coat of arms and the title of city to the new town and established it as the capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia , part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain . After 1572, the Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara , previously subordinate to Mexico City , became

4582-601: The neoclassical structures and houses of the Porfiriato. In the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s well-to-do Tapatios expanded into colonias Lafayette, Americana, Moderna, and Arcos Vallarta. New architectural trends of the 1960s and 1970s also left their mark in colonias such as colonia Americana , Vallarta Poniente , Moderna, Providencia, Vallarta San Jorge, Jardines del Bosque, and Chapalita. The Metropolitan Area has more wealthy neighborhoods than any other part of western Mexico. These colonias are located both inside and outside

4661-422: The next day he was greeted effusively in Guadalajara. The city's workers had experienced poor living conditions and were swayed by promises of lower taxes and the abolition of slavery. Despite a soured welcome, due to the rebel army's violence toward city residents, especially royalists, Hidalgo kept his promise and, on December 6, 1810, slavery was abolished in Guadalajara, a proclamation which has been honored since

4740-547: The only authority in New Spain with autonomy over Nueva Galicia, owing to rapidly growing wealth in the kingdom following the discovery of silver . By the 18th century, Guadalajara had taken its place as Mexico's second largest city, following mass colonial migrations in the 1720s and 1760s. During the Mexican War of Independence , independence leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla established Mexico's first revolutionary government in Guadalajara in 1810. The city flourished during

4819-506: The outskirts of the city (generally those close to the Primavera Forest) experience on average cooler temperatures than the city itself. There, temperatures around 0 °C (32 °F) can be recorded during the coldest nights. Frost may also occur during the coldest nights, but temperatures rarely fall below 0 °C (32 °F) in the city, making it an uncommon phenomenon. Cold fronts in winter can sometimes bring light rain to

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4898-476: The pipes caused erosion. The second was a flaw in the sewer design that did not allow accumulated gases to escape. Arrests were made to indict those responsible for the blasts. Four officials of Pemex (the state oil company) were indicted and charged on the basis of negligence. Ultimately, however, these people were cleared of all charges. Calls for the restructuring of PEMEX were made but they were successfully resisted. The 1990s were marked by events such as

4977-544: The present levels of security. The activities of the Group are held to a criterion of economic rationality, so that investors receive an attractive rate of return. The group has developed a comprehensive ESG platform, committing to incorporating social impact and environmental protection efforts into its operations. This environmental commitment has been developed over the years through defined programs and actions, providing resources to ensure environmental goals and regulations are met. The stated objective of these programs

5056-462: The second-highest population density in Mexico, with over 10,361 people per square kilometer. Within Mexico, Guadalajara is a center of business, arts and culture, technology and tourism; as well as the economic center of the Bajío region. It usually ranks among the 100 most productive and globally competitive cities in the world. It is home to numerous landmarks, including Guadalajara Cathedral ,

5135-415: The size of what is now called Greater Guadalajara, rather than an increase in the population density of the city. Migrants coming into Guadalajara from the 1940s to the 1980s were mostly from rural areas and lived in the city center until they had enough money to buy property. This property was generally bought in the edges of the city, which were urbanizing into fraccionamientos , or residential areas. In

5214-415: The southern part of the city began development, and its streets aligned with the grid to the east of the old Rio San Juan de Dios. Additional 20th-century expansion of the city introduced even more variety, as developers introduced different kinds of non-grid street plans in new areas. During the government of José de Jesús González Gallo, between 1947 and 1953, major public works changed the urban landscape of

5293-541: The surrounding areas, the central Atemajac Valley (where Guadalajara is located) contained no human settlements. To the east of the Atemajac Valley were the Tonallan and Tetlán peoples. At the extremes were the Zapopan, Atemajac, Zoquipan, Tesistan, Coyula, and Huentitán. The historic city center encompasses what was once four population centers, as the villages of the Mezquitán, Analco, and Mexicaltzingo were annexed to

5372-515: The temperature is warm year-round, Guadalajara has strong seasonal variation in precipitation. The northward movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone brings a great deal of rain in the summer months, whereas, for the rest of the year, the climate is rather dry, although daily rainfall records in each dry season month range from 36 millimeters (1.4 in) to 75 millimeters (3.0 in). The extra moisture during

5451-554: The unskilled working class and traditional labor sectors. The 1992 Guadalajara explosions occurred on April 22, 1992, when gasoline explosions in the sewer system over four hours destroyed 8 km (5 mi) of streets in the downtown district of Analco. Gante Street was the most damaged. Officially, 206 people were killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 were left homeless. The estimated monetary damage ranges between $ 300 million and $ 1 billion. The affected areas can be recognized by their more modern architecture. Three days before

5530-507: The villagers attributed their survival to the Archangel Michael , who remains the patron of the city to this day. After the war, the city was moved once again—this time to a more defensible location. This final relocation would prove permanent. In 1542, records indicate that 126 people were living in Guadalajara. That same year, it was granted cityhood by the king of Spain. Guadalajara was officially founded on February 14, 1542, in

5609-430: The west, it kept the original north–south orientation. As it grew towards the east, this grid was tilted towards the south-east to match up with the grids of the former towns Analco and San Juan de Dios, across the river from central Guadalajara on the eastern side of Rio San Juan de Dios (Rio San Juan de Dios is now underground; it runs beneath Calzada Independencia). When the railway was introduced to Guadalajara in 1888,

5688-453: The wet months moderates the temperatures, resulting in cooler days and nights during this period. The highest temperatures are usually reached in May averaging 33 °C (91 °F), but can reach up to 37 °C (99 °F) just before the onset of monsoon season. March tends to be the driest month and July the wettest, with an average of 273 millimeters (10.7 in) of rain, over a quarter of

5767-567: Was a period of economic, technological and social growth for the city. After Independence, small-scale industries developed, many of which were owned by European immigrants. Rail lines connecting the city to the Pacific coast and north to the United States intensified trade and allowed the shipment of products from rural areas of Jalisco. Ranch Culture became a very important aspect of Jalisco and Guadalajara's identities during this time. From 1884 to 1890, electrical and railroad services, as well as

5846-481: Was awarded a concession of 9 airports, Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste (ASUR), with 13 airports, and Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México, which continued to be majority-owned by the federal government, to operate Mexico City International Airport . Since that time, GAP has administered, operated, maintained and developed twelve airports in the Central and Pacific regions of Mexico. In 2011, GAP entered into

5925-462: Was completed in mid-2018. Throughout its history, the airport has been served by various airlines, including Aeromar , Aviacsa , Calafia Airlines , Delta Air Lines , Delta Connection , Interjet , Mexicana , TAESA , and TAR Aerolíneas . The airport is located between the cities of León and Silao in Guanajuato, at an elevation of 1,815 metres (5,955 ft) above mean sea level . It has

6004-610: Was in Guadalajara, a revolt called the Three Hour Revolution brought José Joaquín Herrera to the presidency and put Santa Anna into exile. President Benito Juárez made Guadalajara the seat of his government in 1856, during the Reform War . French troops entered the city during the French Intervention in 1864, and it was retaken by Mexican troops in 1866. Despite the violence, the 19th century

6083-415: Was made possible in the 1980s by surplus labor, infrastructure improvements, and government incentives. These companies focus on electrical and electronic items, which is now one of Guadalajara's two main products (the other being beer). This has internationalized the economy, steering it away from manufacturing and toward services, dependent on technology and foreign investment. This has not been favorable for

6162-520: Was moved to a site near Tonalá . Four years later, Guzmán ordered that the village be moved to Tlacotán. During this time, the Spanish king Charles I granted the city the coat of arms which it retains to this day. During the Mixtón War (1540–1542), the Caxcan , Portecuex, and Zacateco peoples, fought back against colonizers under the command of Tenamaxtli . The war was initiated in response to

6241-480: Was to make a stand at the Puente de Calderon just outside the city. Hidalgo had between 80,000 and 100,000 men and 95 cannons, but the better-trained royalists won, decimating the insurgent army and forcing Hidalgo to flee toward Aguascalientes . Guadalajara remained in royalist hands until near the end of the war. ' On January 17, 1817, the insurgent army was again defeated on the outskirts of Guadalajara in

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