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44-417: The station platforms are to the sides of the tracks. Beyond them are two park and ride lots to the west and bus bays connected to an I-5 off-ramp to the east. As of 2018, one C-Tran bus route and one TriMet bus route serve this station. Artwork at the station references the 1948 Vanport Flood, even utilizing bronzed artifacts found on the construction site. As of 2018, Delta Park/Vanport MAX station

88-453: A bus , rail system ( rapid transit , light rail , or commuter rail ), or carpool for the remainder of the journey. The vehicle is left in the parking lot during the day and retrieved when the owner returns. Park and rides are generally located in the suburbs of metropolitan areas or on the outer edges of large cities. A park and ride that only offers parking for meeting a carpool and not connections to public transport may also be called

132-475: A congestion tax in Stockholm has further increased the usage of park and ride. In Prague , park and ride parking lots are established near some metro and railway stations (about 17 parks near 12 metro stations and 3 train stations, in 2011). These parking lots offer low prices and all-day and return (2× 75 min) tickets including the public transport fare. Park and ride facilities allow commuters to avoid

176-512: A corporate car sharing pool , and shared for a fixed or flexible period of time. One shared car could replace up to 8 non-shared cars. However, car-sharing does involves an additional processing and associated costs. Still, it reduces fleet-related costs over the long term and allow employees to save not only on costs but also on time. Peer-to-peer car sharing, sometimes referred to as P2P or Personal Vehicle Sharing, operates similarly to round-trip car sharing in trip and payment type. However,

220-515: A park and pool . Park and ride is abbreviated as "P+R" on road signs in some countries, and is often styled as "Park & Ride" in marketing. In Sweden , a tax has been introduced on the benefit of free or cheap parking paid by an employer, if workers would otherwise have to pay. The tax has reduced the number of workers driving into the inner city, and increased the usage of park and ride areas, especially in Stockholm . The introduction of

264-778: A 20 January 1956 report in the Los Angeles Times . It refers to the nominal scenario whereby a passenger is driven to the station by spouse or partner , then they kiss each other goodbye before the passenger catches the train. Deutsche Bahn has announced that it will be changing the English expressions for Kiss and Ride, Service Points and Counters to German ones. In Italy the new Bologna Centrale railway station uses "kiss and ride" signs. Some high-speed railway stations in Taiwan have signs outside stations reading "Kiss and Ride" in English, with Chinese characters above

308-463: A certain number of cars can be in use at any one time may reduce traffic congestion at peak times . Even more important for congestion, the strong metering of costs provides a cost incentive to drive less. With owned automobiles many expenses are sunk costs and thus independent of how much the car is driven (such as original purchase, insurance, registration, and some maintenance). According to Navigant Consulting , global carsharing services revenue

352-399: A commercial business. Users can also organize as a company , public agency, cooperative , or ad hoc grouping. The network of cars on the network becomes available to the users through a variety of means, ranging from the simplicity of using an app to unlock the car in real time, to meeting the owner of the car in order to exchange keys. As of January 2020 the world's top city for car sharing

396-471: A demand for a new model of car sharing – residential, private-access share-cars that are typically underwritten by the Homeowner association . In Germany a pilot project has been started by the semiconductor manufacturer Infineon to replace regular pool vehicles with a corporate car sharing system. Replacing private automobiles with shared ones directly reduces demand for parking spaces. The fact that only

440-469: A full-time basis from 1973. Better Choice Parking first offered an airport park and ride service at London Gatwick Airport in 1978. Oxford now operates park and ride from 5 dedicated parking lots around the city. As of 2015, Oxford has the biggest urban park & ride network in the UK with a combined capacity of 5,031 car parking spaces. Some railway stations are promoted as a park and ride facility for

484-402: A growing array of back office functions. The simplest CSOs have only one or two pick-up points, but more advanced systems allow cars to be picked up and dropped off at any available public parking space within a designated operating area. Once the reservations are completed and confirmed, the car will then be delivered at the time and place scheduled. There will be a small card reader mounted on

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528-736: A large number of stations covering the entire city. The project was abandoned in the mid-1980s. In July 1977, the first official British experiment in car sharing started in Suffolk. An office in Ipswich provided a Share-a-Car service for "putting motorists who are interested in sharing car journeys in touch with each other." In 1978, the Agricultural Research Council granted the University of Leeds £16,577 "for an investigation and simulation of carsharing". The scheme

572-408: A name for using cycle boxes or racks near public transport terminals, mostly together with P & R parking lots. This system can be promoted through integrated fare and tickets with public transport system. Many railway stations and airports feature a "kiss-and-ride" or "kiss-and-fly" area in which cars can stop briefly to discharge or, less commonly, pick up passengers. The term first appeared in

616-494: A stressful drive along congested roads and a search for scarce, expensive city-centre parking. They may well reduce congestion by assisting the use of public transport in congested urban areas. There is not much research on the pros and cons of park and ride schemes. It has been suggested that there is "a lack of clear-cut evidence for park and ride's widely assumed impact in reducing congestion". Park and ride facilities help commuters who live beyond practical walking distance from

660-473: A town a few miles away, for instance Liskeard for Looe and St Erth for St  Ives , both in Cornwall , England, and Norden for Swanage , Dorset , England (by steam railway ). These help relieve traffic congestion and parking problems in the town. In contrast, some stations act as a railhead, easily accessed by road, for long-distance traffic. Names of stations in the UK with large car parks outside

704-460: A travel office, food shop, car wash , or cafeteria may be provided. These are often encouraged by municipal operators to encourage use of park and ride. Park and ride facilities, with dedicated parking lots and bus services, began in the 1960s in the UK. Oxford operated the first such scheme, initially with an experimental service operating part-time from a motel on the A34 in the 1960s and then on

748-714: Is Singapore with more than 30,000 vehicles. The majority of car sharing vehicles in Singapore are owned by private companies. The first reference to car sharing in print identifies the Selbstfahrergenossenschaft car share program in a housing cooperative that began in Zürich in 1948. By the 1960s, as innovators, industrialists, cities, and public authorities studied the possibility of high-technology transportation – mainly computer-based small vehicle systems (almost all of them on separate guideways) – it

792-469: Is a model of car rental where people rent cars for short periods of time, often by the hour. It differs from traditional car rental in that the owners of the cars are often private individuals themselves, and the car sharing facilitator is generally distinct from the car owner. Car sharing is part of a larger trend of shared mobility . Car sharing enables an occasional use of a vehicle or access to different brands of vehicles. The renting organization may be

836-493: Is expected that most self-driving vehicles won't be owned by individuals, but will rather be shared. Some companies, like Ernst & Young , have also started to use blockchain technology to record ownership, usage of shared vehicles and insurance information. In July 2018, Volkswagen announced its intention to launch an all-electric car-sharing service by 2019. In August 2018, the carsharing startup Getaround rose $ 300 million from Softbank . According to Moscow's authority,

880-665: Is expected to grow to US$ 6.2 billion by 2020, with over 12 million members worldwide. The main factors driving the growth of carsharing are the rising levels of congestion faced by city dwellers; shifting generational mindsets about car ownership; the increasing costs of personal vehicle ownership; and a convergence of business models. Carsharing operators increasingly opt to brand parts of their fleets with third-party advertising in order to increase revenue and improve competitiveness ( Transit media ). For future applications, many carsharing companies invest in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ( PHEV ) to reduce petroleum consumption. One idea

924-599: Is served by two bus routes: When the station opened in 2004, there was no regular bus service to it; however, C-Tran did use the bus bays during winter storms instead of providing through service to downtown Portland . In 2007, C-Tran began regularly serving the station for the first time. Three limited-stop "commuter" (rush hours only) routes (41, 44 and 47) served the station starting in May 2007, connecting it with Vancouver and other points in Clark County . Another route

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968-513: Is to calculate and compensate all emissions on behalf of your drivers according to the Kyoto protocol, e.g. via reforestation schemes. The world's first certified carbon neutral carsharing service is Respiro carsharing in Madrid and is also done by Australian p2p car sharing platform Car Next Door . The most important technological innovation to affect the carsharing market is self-driving cars. It

1012-808: The California Transport Plan (CTP) 2040 to reduce congestion and pollution. Car sharing has also spread to other global markets with dense urban populations (such as Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia and Turkey) given that population density is often a critical determinant of success for car sharing. Successful car sharing development has tended to be associated mainly with densely populated areas, such as city centers and more recently university and other campuses. There are some programs (mostly in Europe) for providing services in lower density and rural areas. Low-density areas are considered more difficult to serve with car sharing because of

1056-563: The Netherlands, many English terms appear in the Dutch language, and "Kiss & Ride" is one of them. Park and ride schemes do not necessarily involve public transport. They can be provided to reduce the number of cars on the road by promoting carpooling , vanpooling , and carsharing . Partly because of the concentration of riders, and thus a reduced number of vehicles, these park and ride terminals often have express transit services into

1100-578: The U.S. Carsharing in North America began in Quebec City in 1994 after Benoît Robert started a company called Communauto that is still a leader in car sharing globally. Cycling advocate and environmentalist Claire Morissette (1950–2007) played a major role in its evolution starting in 1995, when Communauto established itself in Montreal as a private company. The first car-sharing company in

1144-485: The U.S. car sharing market in 2010 and half of all car-sharers worldwide with 730,000 members sharing 11,000 vehicles. In 2008, City CarShare introduced the first wheelchair carrying car share vehicle, the Access Mobile , specifically designed as a fleet vehicle shared with non-wheelchair users. Car sharing is noted as a tool for achieving vehicle miles traveled and greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets in

1188-558: The U.S. was CarSharing Portland, founded by Dave Brook in March by 1998 after a visit from Conrad Wagner of Mobility Switzerland. Conrad and Dave would also help establish Flexcar in Seattle, which launched in 2000, the same year as competitor Zipcar on the east coast. In April 2001, Carsharing Portland, then with 25 vehicles, merged with Flexcar, as its first expansion city. Zipcar and City Car Club were founded in 2000. City CarShare

1232-473: The following ways: With car sharing, individuals have access to private cars without having costs and responsibilities associated with car ownership (except for fractional ownerships). Some car share operations (CSOs) cooperate with local car rental firms, in particular in situations wherein classic rental may be the cheaper option. The insurance policies on carsharing greatly varies among companies, but all car sharing firms provide insurance that at least meets

1276-434: The lack of alternative modes of transportation and the potentially larger distance that users must travel to reach the cars. Many building developers are now incorporating share-cars into their developments as an added value to tenants, and municipal government bodies around the world are starting to stipulate the implementation of a car sharing service in new buildings, as a sustainability initiative. These trends have created

1320-455: The legal minimum requirements for the given region of operation. Rob Lieber of The New York Times has criticized car sharing firms such as Zipcar for the paltry coverage afforded car sharing drivers. The technology of CSOs varies enormously, from simple manual systems using key boxes and log books to increasingly complex computer-based systems (e.g. partially automated and fully automated systems) with supporting software packages that handle

1364-462: The main urban area are often suffixed with "Parkway", such as Bristol Parkway , Tiverton Parkway , and Oxford Parkway . At Luton Airport Parkway and Southampton Airport Parkway , the stations are there to serve air as well as road passengers. In the United States , it is common for outlying rail stations to include automobile parking, often with hundreds of spaces. B & R (B + R) is

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1408-444: The majority of the market. In Europe, free floating services took up more than 65 percent in car sharing membership. The service is expected to reach 14.3 million users with more than 100,000 vehicles by the end of 2022. In corporate car sharing , the company shares the vehicles and allows multiple employees (rather than just one) to make use of a company car, at times when they actually need it. The vehicles are made available from

1452-734: The number of carsharing journeys in the city averaged 30,000 a day between January and September 2018. Car-sharing is growing in urban regions as more people around the world adopt it. The world's top cities for car-sharing in 2018 were Tokyo ( Japan ) with 19.8K vehicles, Moscow ( Russia ) with 16.5K vehicles, Beijing ( China ) with 15.4K vehicles, Shanghai (China) with 13.9K vehicles, Guangzhou (China) with 4.2K vehicles. A new survey displayed that car sharing has become fashionable in Germany. Generally, car sharing programs fall into one of four sharing models: round-trip, one-way, peer-to-peer, or fractional. Members begin and end their trip at

1496-701: The railway station or bus stop. They may also suit commuters with alternative fuel vehicles , which often have reduced range, when the facility is closer to home than the ultimate destination. They also are useful as a fixed meeting place for those carsharing or carpooling or using "kiss and ride" (see below). Also, some transit operators use park and ride facilities to encourage more efficient driving practices by reserving parking spaces for low emission designs , high-occupancy vehicles , or carsharing. Many park and rides have passenger waiting areas and/or toilets. Travel information , such as leaflets and posters, may be provided. At larger facilities, extra services such as

1540-425: The same location, often paying by the hour, mile, or both. One-way car sharing enables users to begin and end their trip at different locations through free floating zones or station-based models with designated parking locations. As of 2017, free-floating car sharing is available in 55 cities and 20 countries worldwide, with 40,000 vehicles and serving 5.6 million users, with Europe and North America representing

1584-554: The station in September 2016, and route 47-Battle Ground Limited's service to the station was discontinued in September 2017. TriMet bus service (route 6, southbound trips only) to this station was introduced in September 2017. Park and ride A park and ride , also known as incentive parking or a commuter lot , is a parking lot with public transport connections that allows commuters and other people heading to city centres to leave their vehicles and transfer to

1628-503: The urban area, such as a high-occupancy vehicle lane . The service may take passengers in only one direction in the morning (typically towards a central business district ) and in the opposite direction in the evening, with no or a limited number of trips available in the middle of the day. It is often not allowed to park at these locations overnight. These attributes vary from region to region. Carsharing Carsharing or car sharing (AU, NZ, CA, TH, & US) or car clubs (UK)

1672-618: The vehicles themselves are typically privately owned or leased with the sharing system operated by a third-party. Fractional ownership allows users to co-own a vehicle and share its costs and use. Neighborhood fractional ownership car sharing is often promoted as an alternative to owning a car where public transit , walking, and cycling can be used most of the time and a car is only necessary for out-of-town trips, moving large items, or special occasions. It can also be an alternative to owning multiple cars for households with more than one driver. Car sharing differs from traditional car rentals in

1716-414: The windshield. Once the customer places their membership card on the reader, it will use what is called blink technology to activate the time and unlock the car. The reader will not work until it is time for that specific reservation. The keys can then be found somewhere inside the car such as the glove compartment. Depending on the company, the customer may be provided with a key to a lock box that contains

1760-458: The words that read "temporary pick-up and drop-off zone". Kiss and Rides are getting popular in Poland . Cities with such areas include Wrocław (since October 2011), Kraków (since 15 November 2013), Warsaw (since 2016), and Toruń (since 2016). Locally they are known by their English name, i.e. "Kiss and ride" and while the sign is non-standardized, all of them contain the letters K+R. In

1804-582: Was added in September 2007, prompted by TriMet's discontinuation, on September 2 of that year, of the portion of its route 6-ML King Blvd between Jantzen Beach and downtown Vancouver. C-Tran began operating a temporary shuttle between Delta Park/Vanport MAX station and downtown Vancouver, replacing it with permanent service – with a regular, all-day route (4-Fourth Plain) – in November 2007. Routes 4-Fourth Plain and 44-Fourth Plain Limited stopped serving

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1848-584: Was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2001 as a non-profit group. Several car rental companies launched their own car sharing services beginning in 2008, including Avis on Location by Avis , Hertz on Demand (formerly known as Connect by Hertz ), operating in the U.S. and Europe; Uhaul Car Share owned by U-Haul , and WeCar by Enterprise Rent-A-Car . By 2010, when various peer-to-peer carsharing systems were introduced. As of September 2012 Zipcar accounted for 80 percent of

1892-528: Was not intended for different drivers of a single car but for a driver offering seats in their car, which is actually known as carpooling , not car sharing. The 1980s and first half of the 1990s was a " coming of age " period for car sharing, with continued slow growth, mainly of smaller non-profit systems, mostly in Switzerland and Germany but also on a smaller scale in Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and

1936-629: Was possible to spot some early precursors to present-day service ideas and control technologies. The early 1970s saw the first whole-system car share projects. The ProcoTip system in France lasted about two years. A much more ambitious project called the Witkar was launched in Amsterdam by the founders of the 1965 white bicycles project. A sophisticated project based on small electric vehicles, electronic controls for reservations and return, and plans for

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