Turkish victory
38-476: The Democracy Time Party is a political party founded by Mehmet Ali Şenel on 9 May 2016. The short name of the party is DEZA-PAR The party was first established under the name ' Zaza People's Party'. Later, after receiving the warning that “Region cannot be established on the basis of race,” the Supreme Court of Appeals Prosecutor's Office changed its party name as 'Innovative and Change Party'. In
76-756: A political party in Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Zazas The Zazas ( Zazaki : Zaza, Kırd, Kırmanc, Dımili or Şarê Ma , 'Our people') are a people in eastern Turkey who traditionally speak the Zaza language , a western Iranian language written in the Latin script . Their heartland consists of Tunceli and Bingöl provinces and parts of Elazığ , Erzincan and Diyarbakır provinces. Zazas generally consider themselves Kurds , and are often described as Zaza Kurds by scholars. According to Encyclopædia Iranica
114-695: A separate ethnic group, and treat them as such in their academic work. According to a national survey conducted by KONDA Research and Consultancy in 2019 around 1.5% of the population state "Zaza" as their ethnic identity , thus forming the fourth largest ethnic identity in the country. According to a 2015 survey conducted in Turkish Kurdistan among voting-age adults, the majority of the Zazaki-speakers ethnically identified as "Zaza" in contrast to other options such as Kurdish, Turkish and Arabic. Many Zaza politicians are also to be found in
152-610: A separate ethnic identity from Kurds and were considered a part of the Kurds by outsiders through history, despite "having a distinct national identity and ethnic consciousness". The Zaza minstrel tradition goes back to the medieval period, when Zaza-speaking bards composed works both in their mother tongue and in Turkish. The earliest surviving literary works in the Zaza language are two poems with identical titles, Mawlūd , dating from
190-489: Is a division between Northern and Southern Zaza, most notably in phonological inventory, but Zaza as a whole forms a dialect continuum, with no recognized standard. A study published in 2015 that demographically analysed voting-age adults in the Kurdish inhabited regions of Turkey (excluding diaspora) concluded that 96.2% of people who identified as Zaza, but not Kurdish in the region spoke Zazaki as their mother tongue . On
228-451: Is the biggest Islamic school in both Turkey and among the Turkish and Arabic people in the region, is being adhered by 9.8% of the Zaza population. Historically, a small Christian Zaza population existed in Gerger . According to Kehl-Bodrogi and Arakelova Zazas never claimed a separate existence from Kurds and largely consider themselves Kurds. However, some scholars consider them to be
266-734: The 1980 Turkish coup d'état , many intellectual minorities, including Zazas, emigrated from Turkey towards Europe , Australia and the United States . The largest part of the Zaza diaspora is in Europe, predominantly in Germany. Zaza is the ancestral language of the Zaza people and belongs to the Zaza–Gorani branch of the Iranian languages . It is spoken in the east of modern Turkey , with approximately two to three million speakers. There
304-450: The Kurdish inhabited areas in Turkey ( Northeast , Central East and Southeast Anatolia statistical regions, n=1918) 12.8% of the people ethnically identified as Zaza, which made Zaza the biggest ethnic identity after Kurdish (73%) in the region. Zaza speakers were more numerous (15%) compared to people who identify with the Zaza ethnic identity, showing that some Zaza speakers identified as other ethnicities, primarily Kurds. Following
342-579: The endonym Dimlī or Dīmla was derived from Daylam region in Northern Iran, and appears in Armenian historical records as delmik , dlmik , which was proposed to be derived from Middle Iranian *dēlmīk meaning Daylamite . Among their neighbors the people are known mainly as Zāzā, which meant “ stutterer ” and was used as a pejorative . Hadank and Mckenzie attribute relative abundance of sibilants and affricates in Zaza language to explain
380-599: The fraternal Kurdish parties of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and Democratic Regions Party (DBP), like Selahattin Demirtaş , Aysel Tuğluk , Ayla Akat Ata and Gültan Kışanak . On the other hand, Zazas who have publicly stated that they do not consider themselves Kurdish include Hüseyin Aygün , a CHP politician from Tunceli. Especially in recent years, Zaza language and cultural associations have become widespread,
418-456: The "Innovative and Change Party" congress held in Ankara on September 1, it was renamed "Time of Democracy Party" according to the change of name. 'DEZA' in the short name of the party means 'uncle son' (cousin) in Zaza language . Party leader Dilaver Eren stated that 'DEZA' means 'Cousin' in Zaza language and said that they consciously preferred this as a subliminal message. This article about
SECTION 10
#1732773028401456-599: The 1980s, the Zaza language became popular among the Zaza diaspora, followed by publications in Zaza in Turkey. Predominantly Zazas adhere to Sunni Islam . According to a 2015 study that examined the voting-age adults of the Eastern and Southern Anatolia 75.4% of the people who stated that they were ethnically Zazas belonged to the Shafiʽi school of Islam, similar to Kurdish groups, but in contrast to local Turkish and Arab people who were majority Hanafi . Shafi‘i followers among
494-589: The 25 December, the Kurds again demanded more political rights to be given to them in the Provinces of Diyarbakir , Bitlis , Van and Elaziz as agreed on in the Treaty of Sèvres. The Kemalists at first listened to their demands for more political freedom, but at the same time moved significant troops to the region in order to quell the rebellion. Nevertheless, the Turkish Government tried to deceive
532-491: The Georgian and Turkmen Kurds according to Y-DNA data. MtDNA data indicates close relationships among Zaza speaking groups from Turkey and Kurdish people from Georgia, Iran and Eastern Turkey, meanwhile the examined Kurmanji speakers in Turkey and Turkmenistan were different from these groups and each other maternally. Geographic neighbours of Zazas from South Caucasus are also found to be similar concerning mtDNA results. It
570-607: The Kurds, but fighting went on and the rebels were crushed by June 17, 1921. Before repressing the rebels, Nureddin Pasha said (according to some sources, this statement belongs to Topal Osman ): In homeland (Turkey), we cleaned up people who say "zo" ( Armenians ), I'm going to clean up people who say "lo" ( Kurdish ) by their roots . The brutality of the repression made the Grand National Assembly decide to put Nureddin Pasha on trial. Although Nureddin Pasha
608-703: The Kurmanji-speaking Kurdish nationalist Xoybûn , the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan , and other movements, where they often rose to prominence. In 1937 during the Dersim rebellion , Zazas once again rebelled against the Turks. This time the rebellion was led by Seyid Riza and ended with a massacre of thousands of Kurmanji-speaking Kurds and Zaza civilians, while many were internally displaced due to
646-457: The Turkish nationalists and they also raided several Turkish weapon depots. By October 1920 they captured enough to feel themselves in a position of strength and Alisan Bey, the leader of Refahiye prepared the tribes for independence. Finally, on the 15 November 1920, they delivered a declaration to the Kemalists which stated the following. They requested an answer by 24 November 1920. On
684-457: The Zaza people are mostly Naqshbandi . Alevism is the second largest Islamic sect among Zazas with 14.8% adhering it, and Zazas had the highest Alevi percentage among any group by far, being followed by Turks (5.4%) and Kurds (3.1%). It was also reported that around 70% of the Alevis spoke Zazaki as their mother language. Zaza Alevis predominantly live around Tunceli Province . Hanafism, which
722-548: The Zaza people. Academics propose that this migration event happened in 10th to 12th centuries AD. However, a study from 2005 does not support the Northern Iranian theory and rather proposes a closer link between Kurdish and Zaza-speakers compared to Northern Iranian populations. Kurmanji -speaking Kurds and Zazas have for centuries lived in the same areas in Anatolia . Arakelova states that Zazas had not claimed
760-467: The absence of recent and extensive census data. The last census on language in Turkey was held in 1965, where 150,644 people ticked Zaza as their first language and 112,701 as their second language. More recent data from 2005 suggests that the Zaza-speaking population varies from approximately 2 to 4 million. According to a 2015 study that examined the demographics of the voting-age population in
798-564: The arrest of Nuri Dersimi and on the 20 December he was detained and brought to prison. The commander of the Central Army Nureddin Pasha sent a force of some 3,000 cavalrymen and irregulars including Topal Osman 's battalions. By February fighting between parties began and the Turks demanded the unconditional surrender of the Kurdish revolutionaries. A first major encounter between the factions ended victorious for
SECTION 20
#1732773028401836-408: The conflict. Sakine Cansız , a Zaza from Tunceli, was a founding member of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), and like many Zazas joined the rebels, including the prominent Besê Hozat . Following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état , many intellectual minorities, including Zazas, emigrated from Turkey towards Europe , Australia and the United States . The exact number of Zazas is unknown, due to
874-500: The contrary only 58.4% of the surveyed Zaza people declared that their primary home language was Zazaki, and Turkish was the second most popular home language with 38.3% of Zazas speaking it at their homes. 1.9% of the surveyed people who identified as Zaza expressed that their home language was Kurdish. Around 1.4% people belonging to Kurdish ethnic identity also spoke Zazaki as their mother language. Concerning Alevis, which were separately analysed, c. 70% spoke Zazaki, but Turkish (70%)
912-413: The diaspora, Zazas turned to this ideology because of the more visible differences between them and Kurmanji -speakers. Zaza nationalism was further boosted when Turkey abandoned its assimilatory policies which made some Zazas begin considering themselves as a separate ethnic group. In the diaspora, some Zazas turned to Zaza nationalism in the freer European political climate. On this, Ebubekir Pamukchu ,
950-623: The establishment of the Federation of Zaza Associations and the establishment of the Democracy Time Party have started to adopt Zaza identity more. Politically, Zazas belonging to Alevism and Sunnism generally hold widely different views from each other. Since 2002 elections Sunni Zazas mostly voted for ruling Justice and Development Party both nationally and locally, meanwhile Alevi Zazas have shown wide support for left-wing or Kurdish-oriented parties, namely HDP and CHP. For
988-561: The founder of the Zaza national movement stated: "From that moment I became Zaza." Zaza nationalists fear Turkish and Kurdish influence and aim at protecting Zaza culture and language rather than seeking any kind of autonomy within Turkey. According to researcher Ahmet Kasımoğlu, Zaza nationalism is a Turkish and Armenian attempt to divide Kurds. A 2005 study genetically examined three different groups of Zaza (n= 27) and Kurmanji speakers in Turkey and Kurmanji speakers in Georgia . In
1026-671: The kurds as they sent the Governor of Elaziz to Pertek in order to assure them that Mustafa Kemal agreed to the requests. Mustafa Kemal even nominated additional members of parliament from the region. The Turkish Government also offered to assign a Kurdish Mütessarif to the region, but the revolutionaries represented by Seyit Riza and Alişan Bey (official from the Refahiye ) refused the offer, and repeated their demand that they want an independent Kurdish government and not one imposed by Ankara. Following this response, Mustafa Kemal ordered
1064-799: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the 1920s and 1930s, Zazas played a key role in the rise of Kurdish nationalism with their rebellions against the Ottoman Empire and later the Republic of Turkey . Zazas participated in the Koçgiri rebellion in 1920, and during the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925, the Zaza Sheikh Said and his supporters rebelled against the newly established Republic because of its Turkish nationalist and secular ideology. Many Zazas subsequently joined
1102-460: The name "Zaza People's Party" and later changed its name to Democracy Time Party (Turkish: Demokrasi Zamanı Partisi ) due to legal restrictions on ethnicity-based parties. Zaza nationalism is an ideology that supports the preservation of Zaza people between Turks and Kurds in Turkey. Turkish nationalist Hasan Reşit Tankut proposed in 1961 to create a corridor between Zaza-speakers and Kurmanji -speakers to hasten Turkification . In some cases in
1140-403: The presidential elections Sunni Zazas were reported to be voting for Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , in contrast to the Alevis who mostly supported HDP's candidate Selahattin Demirtaş. Alevi-majority Tunceli is the only province in Turkey that has ever elected a mayor belonging to Communist Party of Turkey . The first Zaza-oriented political party in the history of Turkey was established in 2017 under
1178-437: The semantic etymology of the name. Linguistic evidence put the urheimat of the Zaza language to Northern Iran, especially around the southern Caspian region due to the similarities between Zaza, Talysh , Gilaki and Mazanderani languages . The etymology of the endonym Dimlī and the historical records of migration from Daylam to Central Anatolia in Armenian sources are also cited as an evidence of Daylamite origins of
Democracy Time Party - Misplaced Pages Continue
1216-717: The study, mtDNA HV1 sequences, eleven Y chromosome bi-allelic markers and 9 Y-STR loci were analyzed to investigate lineage relationship among these Iranian-speaking groups. According to study 8 different Y-DNA haplogroups have been identified among the Zaza speakers; I* (33.3%), R1a1a (25.9%), E* (11.1%) and R1* (11.1%) being the most prevalent ones. Haplogroups P1 and J2 , which were found to be prevalent among differing Kurdish populations, were absent in Zaza speakers. Y chromosome data showed somewhat different patterns, indicating some effect of geography. Kurmanji speakers and Zaza speakers in Turkey, who are geographic neighbours, were found to be closer to each other compared to
1254-510: The treaty. Mustafa Kemal followed up on the events in the Dersim area and as it came to his knowledge that some of the Kurds were pursuing autonomy in line with the fourteen points announced by US president Woodrow Wilson , he answered that the plan of Wilson was worthless for the peoples in the eastern provinces and they should rather follow his Turkish nationalist movement. The Kurds around Dersim began to prepare for an eventual showdown with
1292-575: Was a Kurdish uprising, that began in the overwhelmingly militant Koçgiri region in present-day eastern Sivas Province in February 1921. The rebellion was initially Alevi , but it succeeded in gathering support from nearby Sunni tribes. The tribal leaders had a close relationship with the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan (SAK). The rebellion was defeated in June 1921. After the Treaty of Sèvres
1330-630: Was also stated that "the genetic evidence of course does not preclude a northern Iranian origin for the Zazaki language itself." Ko%C3%A7giri rebellion [REDACTED] Grand National Assembly Government claim: 3,161 men 1,350 military animals 2,750 rifles , 3 light and 18 heavy machine guns Rebel claim: 6,000 cavalrymen 25,000 infantrymen Government claim: 3,000 rebels (mostly cavalry ) 2,500 rifles Rebel claim: The Koçgiri rebellion ( Kurdish : Serhildana Qoçgiriyê ; Turkish : Koçgiri İsyanı )
1368-474: Was signed the Kurds began to feel more trustful that they were able to reach at least some sort of an autonomous government for themselves. Abdulkadir Ubeydullah , the son of Sheikh Ubeydullah and the president of the SAK, supported the idea of a Kurdish autonomy within Turkey. But Nuri Dersimi and Alisher Efendi wanted more than autonomy, they wanted to establish an independent Kurdistan according to article 64 of
1406-485: Was stated that there was no clear geographic or linguistic pattern concerning matrilineal origins of examined Iranian-speakers. Another phenomenon found in the research was that Zazas are closer to Kurdish groups (matrilineally South Caucasian groups, patrilineally Kurmanji speakers in Turkey) rather than peoples of Northern Iran , where ancestral Zaza language hypothesized to be spoken before its spread to Anatolia . It
1444-476: Was the dominant household language. Ziflioğlu states that many Zazas only speak Kurmanji . The first written statements in the Zaza language were compiled by the linguist Peter Lerch in 1850. Two other important documents are the religious writings of Ehmedê Xasi of 1898, and of Osman Efendîyo Babij ; both of these works were written in Arabic script . The state-owned TRT Kurdî airs shows in Zaza. During
#400599