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32-619: The Democrata Party came from the remnants of the Progresista Party , which had been defeated by the Nacionalistas. Juan Sumulong founded the Democrata party in 1917, espousing " absolute and immediate independence ". In the 1922 election , the Nacionalistas were split into two camps: Senate President Manuel L. Quezon pushed for collective leadership, calling Speaker Sergio Osmeña 's leadership style as " unipersonal ",

64-546: A charge Osmeña denied. Thus, Quezon and his allies were the "Colectivistas", while Osmeña and his allies were the "Unipersonalistas". Osmeña decided to run for the Senate, directly challenging Quezon's authority. This led to the Nacionalistas losing their majority in the House of Representatives. The Democratas, who had the balance of power, approached Osmeña for having their own senators vote for him as Senate President; in response to

96-509: A new political party called Partido Nacionalista Democrata with Quezon as president and Sumulong as vice-president. The coalition in 1935 of this party and the opposition party of Osmeña was bitterly denounced by Sumulong in his manifesto entitled "After the Coalition, the Deluge" . He believed that political representation was imbalanced and that the coalition would lead to an oligarchy and to

128-647: A tenant farmer who became a Capitan municipal (mayor) of Antipolo, and Arcadia Marquez. After finishing his primary education in his hometown, he went to Manila and studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran . To attend school, he had to walk each day from his residence in Tondo to his school in Intramuros . Since he could not afford his room and board, as payment, he helped his landlady prepare food for breakfast while peddling her homemade cigars after school in

160-685: A yearly appropriation fund for military and technical advisers known as the Belo Boys. He authored the law creating the gasoline tax and the law regarding the books of accounts to be kept by merchants, especially by Chinese . From 1930 to 1931, he was in Washington D.C. as a member of the Philippine Independence Mission. When the first Philippine Independence Act, known as the Hare-Hawes Cutting Act,

192-618: The Fuente Popular (Popular Front) functioned as the opposition to the Nacionalistas moving forward. The party did not participate in the 1938 Philippine legislative election . In the 1941 Philippine general election , the party was revived albeit briefly, winning one seat (Alfredo Fausto Mendoza of the Manila South congressional district). Progresista Party The Progresista Party ( Filipino and Spanish : Partido Progresista ; lit.   ' Progressive Party ' )

224-724: The Pros . Due to poor health, he resigned from the presidency of the Democrata Party on the eve of the election on June 2, 1931. His resignation led to the dissolution of the party. In the election of June 5, 1934 for senator of the Fourth Senatorial District, he ran as the candidate of the Antis. He won and the Antis became the party in power. On August 18, the Nacionalista and Democrata "Antis" fused into

256-595: The " Antis ", against Osmeña and his allies, who were for the law (the " Pros ". The Antis won, replacing the previous Act with the Tydings–McDuffie Act , whose provisions which Sumulong had pushed for earlier as a Progresista. By the time of the 1935 election, the Democratas were subsumed into the Antis, and later, they reunited with the Nacionalista Party. In the turn of events, another movement,

288-753: The Fourth Senatorial District in the 1916 general elections. Because of the overwhelming Nacionalista victories in the 1916 elections, the minority groups, Sumulong's Progresistas and the Partido Democrata Nacional of Teodoro Sandiko , merged in August 1917 to form the Democrata Party . In 1919, Sumulong became president of this party. Sumulong was "an effective public speaker with a high reputation for intellectual capacity and integrity" according to Claro M. Recto Jr. , but he lost his senatorial bid in 1922 because of an alleged defect in

320-399: The Partido Democrata Nacional or the Democrata Party (Democrat Nationalist Party) as the leading opposition against the Nacionalistas. Juan Sumulong Juan Marquez Sumulong Sr. (born Juan Sumulong y Marquez ; December 27, 1875 – January 9, 1942) was a Filipino former revolutionary , journalist, lawyer, educator and politician from the province of Rizal . He was the president of

352-655: The Union Nacionalistas in December 1906. This made the Federalistas ideologically closer with the Nacionalistas, with Juan Sumulong maintaining close contact with the "conservative" Union Nacionalista leader Rafael Palma . In January 1907, the leaders of the party met in Manila and decided to change the name from "Partido Federalista" to "Partido Nacional Progresista" (Nationalist Progressive Party), as

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384-640: The Unipersonalistas voting for the Democrata's Claro M. Recto as Speaker. Osmeña refused, however, and reconciled with Quezon, thus merging the two nationalist camps into the Partido Nacionalista Consolidato (Consolidated Nationalist Party). Ironically, by 1933, Quezon and Osmeña were again at odds, this time on the issue of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act . The Democratas allied with Quezon and his allies, known as

416-572: The citizens of Cavite in the concentration camp in Bacoor . In June 1902, these two young lawyers secured from Governor William Howard Taft the pardon of Isabelo de los Reyes who was accused of "conspiracy" in organizing a labor union that staged the first organized strike in the Philippines. He was made Judge of the Court of First Instance in 1906 and of the Court of Land Registration in 1908. He

448-488: The development of a revolutionary opposition. This was already evident, he warned, in the growth of communism and Sakdalism . The Sakdal uprising in May 1935 lent credence to Sumulong's warnings. Sumulong, who long before Quezon adopted the slogan of "social justice", broke up with the latter and continued keeping alive an opposition. Sumulong maintained that the establishment of permanent U.S. naval bases would prove disastrous to

480-481: The first cases he handled was the boundary dispute between Antipolo and the neighboring town of Cainta . He won the case for his hometown. He and Rafael Palma also successfully defended the newspaper El Renacimiento in a libel suit filed by some American Constabulary officials, which was also the first case that the American government lost. The paper exposed the abuses committed by the military officers against

512-410: The formation of a Japanese–sponsored government. He was married to a distant cousin, Maria Salome Sumulong. They had 11 children, four of whom died, the seven surviving being Lumen, Demetria, Lorenzo , Paz, Juan S. Sumulong Jr., Belen and Francisco. Demetria Sumulong married Jose Chichioco Cojuangco of Tarlac. Their fourth child (Sumulong's granddaughter) was Corazon C. Aquino , 11th President of

544-603: The increasing importance of officials who are elected sapped the party's strength in the provinces. With declining political fortunes, the Federalistas rescinded the statehood platform in 1905. The other political group in the Assembly, those who supported independence (split between the Independistas and the Union Nacionalista), began increasing their ranks, and that the Federalistas attempted to merge with

576-536: The independent Philippines. Moreover, he believed that the longer free trade is continued, the more difficult it would be for the Philippines to shake off economic bondage. In 1941, he ran against Quezon for the Presidency in spite of his failing health. Two weeks before the elections, he fell ill and was forced to stay in bed until his death on January 9, 1942. Several hours before his death he told Jorge Bocobo and Jose Fabella that he and his party would not join in

608-569: The mornings. He did his own laundry. During rainy days, he wore wooden clogs and only upon reaching school he would wear his leather shoes which he carried wrapped in paper. Nevertheless, he completed his education earning a Bachelor of Arts degree. Subsequently, he attended the University of Santo Tomas and took up law. When the revolution against Spain broke out, he joined the revolutionists headquartered in Morong province (now Rizal). After

640-442: The new Nacionalista Party began to dominate the assembly. Prior to that, the Federalistas expanded their influence in the provinces, winning elections in 1902 and 1904 . As long as Taft was the governor-general, the Federalistas enjoyed personal patronage from him. His departure in 1903 marked the beginning of the Federalistas' end. While Taft's departure was a big blow, the declining of importance of appointive government posts and

672-591: The opposition party which ran against Manuel L. Quezon 's Nacionalista Party in the 1941 presidential election of the Philippine Commonwealth . He is also the maternal great-grandfather of former President Benigno Aquino III . Juan Marquez Sumulong was the brains of the opposition during the ascendancy of Manuel L. Quezon . He was born in Antipolo , Distrito de Morong (now part of Rizal province) on December 27, 1875, to Policarpio Sumulong,

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704-475: The party platform of the recognition of U.S. sovereignty, establishment of peace and eventual statehood, elected Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as the first party president. The party dominated Manila politics and derived most of its power from that city The Federalistas, who were favored by the Americans such as governor-general William Howard Taft , dominated the assembly until 1905 when internal divisions and

736-669: The party platform. In 1925, he was elected finally to a six-year term as senator for the Fourth Senatorial District , composed of Manila , Rizal , Laguna and Bataan . As a senator, he had his famous debate with Senate President Manuel L. Quezon on the amendments to the Corporation Law. He also voiced out his vehement opposition to the enactment of the Belo Act, giving the Governor-General

768-587: The provinces, the Progresistas had a hard time getting candidates, but the Nacionalista Party were split into different factions, not on ideological but on personal grounds. Ultimately, the Assembly was won by the Nacionalistas, and the Progresistas became marginalized. The party managed to win fewer seats in the succeeding elections, eventually being dissolved in the early 1920s. In 1914, Teodoro Sandiko and other disgruntled Progresistas formed

800-648: The restoration of peace following the Filipino-American War , he served as a private secretary to the Filipino civil governor of Morong Province with headquarters in Antipolo . In a meeting held at the Pasig Church on June 5, 1901, to discuss the fusion of Morong Province and the Province of Manila , councilor Sumulong spoke in favor of such a union. It was ultimately approved and the new province

832-822: The situation; the United States Congress passed the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 creating the Philippine Assembly . While the assembly had nationalists who wanted independence from the United States, most delegates pursued statehood within the U.S. These delegates, led by Pedro Paterno , formed the Partido Federalista ( Federalist Party or the Federalistas) on December 23, 1900. On that meeting,

864-601: The statehood plan. Sumulong was vice-president of the Partido Nacional Progresista that was organized on January 2, 1907. The new political party aimed to achieve Philippine independence by progressive stages. He ran as its candidate for a seat in the first Philippine Assembly in the July 30 elections but lost to the Nacionalist Party candidate. He ran for and lost the position of senator for

896-555: The word "Federal" had become insignificant with the dropping of the statehood platform. The Progresistas embarked on a campaign to win seats at the 1907 elections , although with all but two seats coming from the provinces, the party had a difficult time recruiting followers and candidates. The reception at Progresista political rallies were from lukewarm to hostile, with people heckling "Hang them, kill them". The Progresista campaign for Manila 's two assembly seats focused on getting more Americans to register – and vote – for them. In

928-740: Was a political party in the Philippines during the early 20th century. Formed in 1900 as the Federalist Party (Partido Federalista), the party originally had the Philippines becoming a U.S. state as one of its original platforms, which was later rescinded. After the defeat of the Filipinos by the Americans on the Philippine–American War (then known as the Philippine Insurrection), the Americans assessed

960-788: Was also a member of the Philippine Commission from 1909 to 1913. He was also offered a position inside the Supreme Court by the U.S. President William H. Taft , which he declined. In 1904, while he was in the United States as a member of the Honorary Commission to the St. Louis Exposition he published in an American journal the independence aspiration of the Filipinos , realizing the inadvisability of

992-619: Was enacted by the U.S. Congress, he decided to oppose its acceptance by the Filipino people mainly because of its provision that even after Philippine independence, the United States will continue to exercise sovereignty over U.S. Military reservations in the Philippines . Quezon , Emilio Aguinaldo , Claro M. Recto and many others opposed the HHC Act and they became known as the Antis . Osmena , Roxas , and others favoring it became known as

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1024-533: Was named Rizal . He became a journalist, joining La Patria as a reporter and becoming its city editor after three months. He analyzed the political situations for La Democracia , the Federal Party's official publication, of which he was the editor for a long time. After passing the bar examinations in 1901, he practiced law and at the same time taught Constitutional Law at the Escuela de Derecho. One of

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