Misplaced Pages

#10989

61-665: Hawelka died in November 2017 due to an enlarged heart . Several tributes were made in his name, including the Overwatch League 's annual Dennis Hawelka Award. Hawelka was born in Germany to his parents Jürgen Hawelka and Gisela Hawelka on March 22, 1987. Hawelka's esports career began with playing a multitude of game titles, including World of Warcraft , League of Legends , StarCraft 2 , and Call of Duty 1 and 2 . He won three World of Warcraft: Wrath of

122-500: A coach for their League of Legends division for their upcoming 2018 season. Prior to his death in November 2017, Team Liquid co-CEO and owner Steve Arhancet planned to promote Hawelka to the team's head coach. He died on November 7, 2017, in Santa Monica, California. His death was announced the following day by Team Liquid owners Victor Goossen and Steve Arhancet via a statement on Twitter . While some initial reports stated that

183-440: A condition often mentioned in young people's deaths, occurs in one of every 5000 to 7000 newborns and is estimated to be responsible for 3000 deaths annually compared to the approximately 300,000 cardiac arrests seen by emergency services. These conditions are a fraction of the overall deaths related to cardiac arrest but represent conditions that may be detected prior to arrest and may be treatable. The symptomatic expression of LQTS

244-402: A consistent theme has occurred in rock and metal drummers dying of drug overdoses and later revealed via autopsy that they were suffering from Cardiomegaly, which may have been worsened by a mix of drug use and the toll such physical exercise takes on the heart, examples of such cases include Jimmy ‘The Rev’ Sullivan ( Avenged Sevenfold ) and Taylor Hawkins ( Foo Fighters ). Within the heart,

305-515: A family history of cardiomegaly, coronary artery disease (CAD), congenital heart failure, atherosclerotic disease, valvular heart disease , exposure to cardiac toxins, sleep-disordered breathing (such as sleep apnea ), sustained cardiac arrhythmias , abnormal electrocardiograms , and cardiomegaly on chest X-ray. Research and the evidence of previous cases link the following (below) as possible causes of cardiomegaly. The most common causes of cardiomegaly are congenital (patients are born with

366-655: A person is not having their cardiac activity monitored, it is difficult to identify the specific mechanism in each case. Structural heart disease , such as coronary artery disease , is a common underlying condition in people who experience cardiac arrest. The most common risk factors include age and cardiovascular disease. Additional underlying cardiac conditions include heart failure and inherited arrhythmias . Additional factors that may contribute to cardiac arrest include major blood loss , lack of oxygen , electrolyte disturbance (such as very low potassium ), electrical injury , and intense physical exercise . Cardiac arrest

427-428: A risk of progressing to sudden cardiac arrest, albeit this risk remains low. Many of these conduction blocks can be treated with internal cardiac defibrillators for those determined to be at high risk due to severity of fibrosis or severe electrophysiologic disturbances. Structural heart diseases unrelated to coronary artery disease account for 10% of all sudden cardiac deaths. A 1999 review of sudden cardiac deaths in

488-468: A second event, most often in the first year. Furthermore, of those who experienced recurrence, 35% had a third episode. Additional significant risk factors include cigarette smoking , high blood pressure , high cholesterol , history of arrhythmia , lack of physical exercise , obesity , diabetes , family history , cardiomyopathy , alcohol use, and possibly caffeine intake. Current cigarette smokers with coronary artery disease were found to have

549-526: A similar protocol to that which the European Resuscitation Council has adopted. In a non-acute setting where the patient is expired, diagnosis of cardiac arrest can be done via molecular autopsy or postmortem molecular testing, which uses a set of molecular techniques to find the ion channels that are cardiac defective. This could help elucidate the cause of death in the patient. Other physical signs or symptoms can help determine

610-531: A tribute to Hawelka in Overwatch . A white flower, candle, and symbol were added to the German-based map Eichenwalde . In addition, the Overwatch League created the "Dennis Hawelka Award", an annual award given to the player deemed to have made the most positive impact on the community. Enlarged heart Cardiomegaly (sometimes megacardia or megalocardia ) is a medical condition in which

671-475: A two to threefold increase in the risk of sudden death between ages 30 and 59. Furthermore, it was found that former smokers' risk was closer to that of those who had never smoked. A statistical analysis of many of these risk factors determined that approximately 50% of all cardiac arrests occur in 10% of the population perceived to be at greatest risk, due to aggregate harm of multiple risk factors, demonstrating that cumulative risk of multiple comorbidities exceeds

SECTION 10

#1732801687011

732-417: Is asymptomatic . For others, if the enlarged heart begins to affect the body's ability to pump blood, then symptoms associated with congestive heart failure may arise, including: The causes of cardiomegaly are not well understood and many cases have no known cause. Lifestyle-related risk factors include tobacco use and high cholesterol , high blood pressure, and diabetes . Non-lifestyle risk factors include

793-457: Is a leading cause of sudden cardiac deaths in the adult population. This is most commonly the result of longstanding high blood pressure , or hypertension, which has led to maladaptive overgrowth of muscular tissue of the left ventricle , the heart's main pumping chamber. This is because elevated blood pressure over the course of several years requires the heart to adapt to the requirement of pumping harder to adequately circulate blood throughout

854-432: Is a tool that can be used to examine the movement of the heart and its force of contraction at the patient's bedside. POCUS can accurately diagnose cardiac arrest in hospital settings, as well as visualize cardiac wall motion contractions. Using POCUS, clinicians can have limited, two-dimensional views of different parts of the heart during arrest. These images can help clinicians determine whether electrical activity within

915-780: Is achieved with these interventions, then sudden cardiac arrest has occurred. By contrast, if the person does not survive the event, this is referred to as sudden cardiac death. Among those whose pulses are re-established, the care team may initiate measures to protect the person from brain injury and preserve neurological function. Some methods may include airway management and mechanical ventilation, maintenance of blood pressure and end-organ perfusion via fluid resuscitation and vasopressor support, correction of electrolyte imbalance, EKG monitoring and management of reversible causes, and temperature management. Targeted temperature management may improve outcomes. In post-resuscitation care, an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be considered to reduce

976-475: Is an arrhythmia (an irregular rhythm). Without organized electrical activity in the heart muscle , there is inconsistent contraction of the ventricles , which prevents the heart from generating adequate cardiac output (forward pumping of blood from the heart to the rest of the body). This hemodynamic collapse results in poor blood flow to the brain and other organs, which if prolonged causes persistent damage. There are many different types of arrhythmias, but

1037-522: Is associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death . Cardiomegaly may diminish over time, but many people with an enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy) need lifelong medication. Having a family history of cardiomegaly may indicate an increased risk for this condition. Lifestyle factors that can help prevent cardiomegaly include eating a healthy diet, controlling blood pressure, exercise, medications, and not abusing anabolic-androgenic steroids, alcohol and cocaine . For many people, cardiomegaly

1098-421: Is diagnosed by the inability to find a pulse in an unresponsive patient. The goal of treatment for cardiac arrest is to rapidly achieve return of spontaneous circulation using a variety of interventions including CPR , defibrillation , and/or cardiac pacing. Two protocols have been established for CPR: basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). If return of spontaneous circulation

1159-751: Is in the morning hours and the second is in the afternoon. Moreover, survival rates following cardiac arrest were lowest when occurring between midnight and 6am. Many of these non-cardiac causes of cardiac arrest are reversible. A common mnemonic used to recall the reversible causes of cardiac arrest is referred to as the Hs and Ts . The Hs are hypovolemia , hypoxia , hydrogen cation excess ( acidosis ), hyperkalemia , hypokalemia , hypothermia , and hypoglycemia . The Ts are toxins , (cardiac) tamponade , tension pneumothorax , thrombosis ( myocardial infarction ), thromboembolism , and trauma. The definitive electrical mechanisms of cardiac arrest, which may arise from any of

1220-464: Is not preceded by any warning symptoms in approximately 50 percent of people. For individuals who do experience symptoms, the symptoms are usually nonspecific to the cardiac arrest. For example, new or worsening chest pain , fatigue , blackouts , dizziness , shortness of breath , weakness , or vomiting . When cardiac arrest is suspected by a layperson (due to signs of unconsciousness, abnormal breathing, and/or no pulse) it should be assumed that

1281-404: Is prolonged cardiac arrest, progression of ventricular fibrillation, or efforts like defibrillation executed to resuscitate the person. Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, involves the deposition of cholesterol and subsequent inflammation-driven formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries. CAD involves the accumulation and remodeling of

SECTION 20

#1732801687011

1342-535: Is quite broad and more often presents with syncope rather than cardiac arrest. The risk of cardiac arrest is still present, and people with family histories of sudden cardiac arrests should be screened for LQTS and other treatable causes of lethal arrhythmia. Higher levels of risk for cardiac arrest are associated with female sex, more significant QT prolongation, history of unexplained syncope (fainting spells), or premature sudden cardiac death. Additionally, individuals with LQTS should avoid certain medications that carry

1403-423: Is synonymous with clinical death . The physical examination to diagnose cardiac arrest focuses on the absence of a pulse. In many cases, lack of a central pulse ( carotid arteries or subclavian arteries ) is the gold standard . Lack of a pulse in the periphery (radial/pedal) may also result from other conditions (e.g. shock ) or be the rescuer's misinterpretation. Obtaining a thorough history can help inform

1464-425: Is treatable using defibrillation . The two "shockable" rhythms are ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia , while the two "non-shockable" rhythms are asystole and pulseless electrical activity . Moreover, in the post-resuscitation patient, a 12-lead EKG can help identify some causes of cardiac arrest, such as STEMI which may require specific treatments. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)

1525-400: Is unknown. However, many people live for a long time with an enlarged heart and, if detected early, treatment can help improve the condition and prolong their lives. Sudden cardiac death Cardiac arrest , also known as sudden cardiac arrest ( SCA ), is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. When the heart stops beating, blood cannot properly circulate around

1586-434: The cell membrane , and this group of conditions is therefore often referred to as channelopathies . Examples of these inherited arrhythmia syndromes include Long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada Syndrome , Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia , and Short QT syndrome . Many are also associated with environmental or neurogenic triggers such as response to loud sounds that can initiate lethal arrhythmias. LQTS,

1647-476: The coronary vessels along with other systemic blood vessels. When an atherosclerotic plaque dislodges, it can block the flow of blood and oxygen through small arteries, such as the coronary arteries, resulting in ischemic injury. In the heart, this results in myocardial tissue damage which can lead to structural and functional changes that disrupt normal conduction patterns and alter heart rate and contraction. CAD underlies 68 percent of sudden cardiac deaths in

1708-468: The heart becomes enlarged. It is more commonly referred to simply as "having an enlarged heart ". It is usually the result of underlying conditions that make the heart work harder, such as obesity , heart valve disease , high blood pressure ( hypertension ), and coronary artery disease . Cardiomyopathy is also associated with cardiomegaly. Cardiomegaly can be serious and can result in congestive heart failure . Recent studies suggest that cardiomegaly

1769-470: The 2000 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommendations were for rescuers to look for "signs of circulation" but not specifically the pulse. These signs included coughing, gasping, color, twitching, and movement. Per evidence that these guidelines were ineffective, the current International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommendation is that cardiac arrest should be diagnosed in all casualties who are unconscious and not breathing normally,

1830-496: The American Heart Association. They have suggested that the technique to check carotid pulses should be used only by healthcare professionals with specific training and expertise, and even then that it should be viewed in conjunction with other indicators like agonal respiration . Various other methods for detecting circulation and therefore diagnosing cardiac arrest have been proposed. Guidelines following

1891-574: The Lich King titles and was the first player in the world to reach the "Challenger" rank in season four of League of Legends . He also played for Team Germany for Call of Duty 1 and 2 . Hawelka began his Overwatch career in February 2016, founding and playing for team IDDQD. From February to April 2016, during Overwatch 's closed beta, he and the team did not lose a single series, and on April 23, 2016, they were signed by Team EnVyUs . As

InternetHulk - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-483: The United States found that structural heart diseases accounted for over 30% of sudden cardiac arrests for those under 30 years. Arrhythmias not due to structural heart disease account for 5 to 10% of sudden cardiac arrests. These are frequently caused by genetic disorders . The genetic mutations often affect specialized proteins known as ion channels that conduct electrically charged particles across

2013-402: The United States. Indeed, postmortem examinations have shown that the most common finding in cases of sudden cardiac death is chronic, high-grade stenosis of at least one segment of a major coronary artery . While CAD is a leading contributing factor, this is an age-dependent factor, with CAD being a less common cause of sudden cardiac death in people under the age of 40. Abnormalities of

2074-667: The body and the blood flow to the brain and other organs is decreased. When the brain does not receive enough blood, this can cause a person to lose consciousness and brain cells can start to die due to lack of oxygen. Coma and persistent vegetative state may result from cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is also identified by a lack of central pulses and abnormal or absent breathing. Cardiac arrest and resultant hemodynamic collapse often occur due to arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms). Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are most commonly recorded. However, as many incidents of cardiac arrest occur out-of-hospital or when

2135-418: The body's needs. The mechanism responsible for the majority of sudden cardiac deaths is ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation is a tachyarrhythmia characterized by turbulent electrical activity in the ventricular myocardium leading to a heart rate too disorganized and rapid to produce any meaningful cardiac output, thus resulting in insufficient perfusion of the brain and essential organs. Some of

2196-418: The body, potentially disrupting blood supply to other organs. Many techniques and tests are used to diagnose an enlarged heart. These tests can be used to see how efficiently the heart is pumping, determine which chambers of the heart are enlarged, look for evidence of prior heart attacks and determine if a person has congenital heart disease. Cardiomegaly can be classified by the main enlarged location of

2257-514: The body. If the heart does this for a prolonged period of time, the left ventricle can experience hypertrophy (grow larger) in a way that decreases the heart's effectiveness. Left ventricular hypertrophy can be demonstrated on an echocardiogram and electrocardiogram (EKG). Abnormalities of the cardiac conduction system (notably the Atrioventricular Node and His-Purkinje system) may predispose an individual to arrhythmias with

2318-689: The captain of the team, Hawelka led EnVyUs to a 57-game winning streak, spanning from June 11 to August 22, 2016. He and the team went on to win the first season of Overwatch Apex , the premier Overwatch tournament series in South Korea, after defeating Afreeca Freecs Blue in the Grand Finals match in December 2016. The same month, they won the MLG Vegas Overwatch Invitational, after defeating FaZe Clan 4–0 in

2379-501: The cause of death was due to complications associated with tonsillitis , a forensic investigation revealed that his death was caused by an enlarged heart . Following the death of Hawelka, the Overwatch community organized the "Hulktastic Cup", a charity tournament to honor Hawelka and his contributions to the Overwatch community, which took place on November 11, 2017. The tournament raised over US$ 10,000 for charity and his family. On November 16, 2017, Blizzard Entertainment added

2440-599: The chance of death from recurrence. Per the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines, there were approximately 535,000 incidents of cardiac arrest annually in the United States (about 13 per 10,000 people). Of these, 326,000 (61%) experience cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, while 209,000 (39%) occur within a hospital. Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age and affects males more often than females. Black people are twice as likely to die from cardiac arrest as white people. Asian and Hispanic people are not as frequently affected as white people. Cardiac arrest

2501-420: The chest). Additional non-cardiac causes include hemorrhage , aortic rupture , hypovolemic shock , pulmonary embolism , poisoning such as from the stings of certain jellyfish , and electrical injury . Circadian patterns are also recognized as triggering factors in cardiac arrest. Per a 2021 systematic review, throughout the day there are two main peak times in which cardiac arrest occurs. The first

InternetHulk - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-429: The condition based on a genetic inheritance), high blood pressure (which can enlarge the left ventricle causing the heart muscle to weaken over time), and coronary artery disease. In the latter case, the disease creates blockages in the heart's blood supply, leading to tissue death which causes other areas of the heart to work harder, causing the heart to expand in size. Other possible causes include: In recent years,

2623-646: The coronary arteries not related to atherosclerosis include inflammation (known as coronary arteritis ), embolism , vasospasm , mechanical abnormalities related to connective tissue diseases or trauma, and congenital coronary artery anomalies (most commonly anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery). These conditions account for 10-15% of cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Examples of structural heart diseases include: cardiomyopathies ( hypertrophic , dilated , or arrhythmogenic ), cardiac rhythm disturbances , myocarditis , and congestive heart failure . Left ventricular hypertrophy

2684-489: The electrical activity of the cardiac cycle and use this information to guide the management efforts. EKG readings will help to identify the arrhythmia present and allow the team to monitor any changes that occur with the administration of CPR and defibrillation. Clinicians classify cardiac arrest into "shockable" versus "non-shockable", as determined by the EKG rhythm. This refers to whether a particular class of cardiac dysrhythmia

2745-414: The electrophysiologic mechanisms underpinning ventricular fibrillations include ectopic automaticity, re-entry, and triggered activity. However, structural changes in the diseased heart as a result of inherited factors (mutations in ion-channel coding genes, for example) cannot explain the sudden onset of cardiac arrest. In ventricular tachycardia, the heart also beats faster than normal, which may prevent

2806-529: The finals. He also played for Team Germany in the 2016 and 2017 Overwatch World Cups . A month after a top-eight finish at Apex season 2 in March 2017, Hawelka departed from EnVyUs. In late April 2017, Hawelka was signed by Rogue as a temporary coach and strategic analyst for Apex season three. He was then signed by Team Liquid as the team's head coach on June 2, 2017. Following the disbandment of Team Liquid's Overwatch division, Team Liquid picked up Hawelka as

2867-408: The functional, structural, or physiologic abnormalities mentioned above, are characterized by arrhythmias. Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless or sustained ventricular tachycardia are the most commonly recorded arrhythmias preceding cardiac arrest. These are rapid and erratic arrhythmias that alter the circulatory pathway such that adequate blood flow cannot be sustained and is inadequate to meet

2928-425: The heart become thin and stretched. In the other types, the heart's left ventricle becomes abnormally thick. Hypertrophy is usually what causes left ventricular enlargement. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically an inherited condition. Treatments include a combination of medications and medical/surgical procedures. Below are some of the treatment options: The exact mortality rate for people with cardiomegaly

2989-416: The heart chambers from properly filling with blood. Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by an altered QRS complex and a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. When V-tach is sustained (lasts for at least 30 seconds), inadequate blood flow to heart tissue can lead to cardiac arrest. Bradyarrhythmias occur following dissociation of spontaneous electrical conduction and the mechanical function of

3050-548: The heart is pulseless or pseudo-pulseless, as well as help them diagnose the potentially reversible causes of an arrest . Published guidelines from the American Society of Echocardiography , American College of Emergency Physicians , European Resuscitation Council , and the American Heart Association , as well as the 2018 preoperative Advanced Cardiac Life Support guidelines, have recognized

3111-438: The heart resulting in pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or through complete absence of electrical activity of the heart resulting in asystole . Similar to the result of tachyarrhythmias, these conditions lead to an inability to sustain adequate blood flow as well, though in the case of bradyarrhythmias, the underlying cause is an absence of mechanical activity rather than rapid beats leading to disorganization. Cardiac arrest

SECTION 50

#1732801687011

3172-405: The heart, and/or by the structure of the enlargement. Specific subtypes include athletic heart syndrome , which is a non- pathological condition commonly seen in sports medicine in which the heart is enlarged, and the resting heart rate is lower than normal. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomegaly. In this condition, the walls of the left and/or right ventricles of

3233-525: The inaccuracy diagnosis solely based on central pulse detection, some bodies like the European Resuscitation Council have de-emphasized its importance. Instead, the current guidelines prompt individuals to begin CPR on any unconscious person with absent or abnormal breathing. The Resuscitation Council in the United Kingdom stands in line with the European Resuscitation Council's recommendations and those of

3294-403: The muscle fibers, impacting the heart's sliding filament mechanism. If fibers cannot shorten properly and the heart cannot contract properly, then blood cannot be effectively pumped to the lungs to be re-oxygenated or to the body to deliver oxygen to the working tissues of the body. An enlarged heart is more susceptible to forming blood clots in the heart lining. These clots can form elsewhere in

3355-481: The ones most frequently recorded in sudden cardiac arrest are ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation . Both ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation can prevent the heart from generating coordinated ventricular contractions, thereby failing to sustain adequate blood circulation. Less common types of arrhythmias occurring in cardiac arrest include pulseless electrical activity , bradycardia , and asystole . These rhythms are seen when there

3416-434: The potential benefits of using POCUS in diagnosing and managing cardiac arrest. POCUS can help predict outcomes in resuscitation efforts. Specifically, use of transthoracic ultrasound can be a helpful tool in predicting mortality in cases of cardiac arrest, with a systematic review from 2020 finding that there is a significant positive correlation between presence of cardiac motion and short term survival with CPR. Owing to

3477-427: The potential cause and prognosis. The provider taking the person's clinical history should try to learn whether the episode was observed by anyone else, when it happened, what the patient was doing (in particular whether there was any trauma), and whether drugs were involved. During resuscitation efforts, continuous monitoring equipment including EKG leads should be attached to the patient so that providers can analyze

3538-629: The risk of increasing the severity of this conduction abnormality, such as certain anti-arrhythmics, anti-depressants, and quinolone or macrolide antibiotics. Another condition that promotes arrhythmias is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome , in which an accessory conduction pathway bypassing the atrioventricular node is present and can cause abnormal conduction patterns leading to supraventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest. Non-cardiac causes account for 15 to 25% of cardiac arrests. Common non-cardiac causes include respiratory arrest , diabetes , certain medications , and blunt trauma (especially to

3599-527: The sum of each risk individually. The underlying causes of sudden cardiac arrest can result from cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies. The most common underlying causes are different, depending on the patient's age. Common cardiac causes include coronary artery disease , non-atherosclerotic coronary artery abnormalities, structural heart damage, and inherited arrhythmias. Common non-cardiac causes include respiratory arrest, diabetes, medications, and trauma. The most common mechanism underlying sudden cardiac arrest

3660-458: The victim is in cardiac arrest. Bystanders should call emergency medical services (such as 911 or 112) and initiate CPR . Major risk factors for cardiac arrest include age and underlying cardiovascular disease . A prior episode of sudden cardiac arrest increases the likelihood of future episodes. A 2021 meta-analysis assessing the recurrence of cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors identified that 15% of survivors experienced

3721-480: The working fibers of the myocardial tissue increase in size. As the heart works harder the actin and myosin filaments experience less overlap which increases the size of the myocardial fibers. If there is less overlap of the protein filaments within the sarcomeres of the muscle fibers, they will not be able to effectively pull on one another. If the heart tissue gets too big and stretches too far, then those filaments cannot effectively pull on one another to shorten

SECTION 60

#1732801687011
#10989