Misplaced Pages

#549450

77-571: The Denza D9 was first launched in the market in August 2022. Four hybrid variants and two full electric trim levels were offered at launch. An ultra-luxury four-seat variant, called the Premier Founder's Edition, was also available as a 99-unit limited production model, and came in a special two-tone paint job. For the interior, the D9 is equipped with seven screens with three in the front including

154-475: A horizon line, heading , turn/bank and slip/skid indicators. These instruments are the minimum required by 14 CFR Part 91. Other symbols and data are also available in some HUDs: Since being introduced on HUDs, both the FPV and acceleration symbols are becoming standard on head-down displays (HDD.) The actual form of the FPV symbol on an HDD is not standardized but is usually a simple aircraft drawing, such as

231-566: A sidestick controller in an attempt to ease the pilot's burden flying modern jet aircraft and make the instrumentation less complicated during flight. While their research was never incorporated in any aircraft of that time, the crude HUD mockup they built had all the features of today's modern HUD units. HUD technology was next advanced by the Royal Navy in the Buccaneer , the prototype of which first flew on 30 April 1958. The aircraft

308-431: A 10-point massage function. Three quick wireless phone chargers are also included. Maximum DC charging for EV model is 166 kW, with charging ports on both rear quarter panels so slower chargers can be combined to achieve the maximum rate. The plug-in hybrid models have a driving range between 945 and 1040 km, with 190 km (118 mi) of pure electric range, and offers up to 80 kW DC fast charging with

385-545: A 10.25-inch instrument panel, a 15.6-inch central control screen, and a head-up display . For the second row, two screens are on the front seatbacks, and two are in the second-row armrests. There is also a refrigerator between the front seats, accessible by occupants in the second row. Screen mirroring of Android phones is also offered on the TS Link intelligent interactive cockpit. The second-row captain chairs are 10-way adjustable and come with footrests, heating, ventilating, and

462-604: A HMD unit with eye tracking ability shows an object moving in a regular pattern. People without brain injury are able to track the moving object with smooth pursuit eye movements and correct trajectory . Low-cost HMD devices are available for use with 3D games and entertainment applications. One of the first commercially available HMDs was the Forte VFX1 which was announced at Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 1994. The VFX-1 had stereoscopic displays, 3-axis head-tracking, and stereo headphones. Another pioneer in this field

539-503: A HUD however, the camera must be mounted as close as possible to the pilots eye point as the image is expected to "overlay" the real world as the pilot looks through the combiner. "Registration", or the accurate overlay of the EVS image with the real world image, is one feature closely examined by authorities prior to approval of a HUD based EVS. This is because of the importance of the HUD matching

616-482: A HUD, relying solely on the HMD, making it the first modern military fighter not to have a fixed HUD. HUDs are split into four generations reflecting the technology used to generate the images. Newer micro-display imaging technologies are being introduced, including liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), digital micro-mirrors (DMD), and organic light-emitting diode (OLED). HUDs evolved from

693-483: A capacity of 103 kWh. Head-up display A head-up display , or heads-up display , also known as a HUD ( / h ʌ d / ) or head-up guidance system ( HGS ), is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view information with the head positioned "up" and looking forward, instead of angled down looking at lower instruments. A HUD also has

770-560: A circle with two short angled lines, (180 ± 30 degrees) and "wings" on the ends of the descending line. Keeping the FPV on the horizon allows the pilot to fly level turns in various angles of bank. In addition to the generic information described above, military applications include weapons system and sensor data such as: During the 1980s, the United States military tested the use of HUDs in vertical take off and landing (VTOL) and short take off and landing (STOL) aircraft. A HUD format

847-655: A claim to the world's first head-up display in operational service. A similar version that replaced the bombing modes with missile-attack modes was part of the AIRPASS HUD fitted to the English Electric Lightning from 1959. In the United Kingdom, it was soon noted that pilots flying with the new gunsights were becoming better at piloting their aircraft. At this point, the HUD expanded its purpose beyond weapon aiming to general piloting. In

SECTION 10

#1732794124550

924-475: A conformed image to the pilot. "EVS Enhanced Vision System" is an industry-accepted term which the FAA decided not to use because "the FAA believes [it] could be confused with the system definition and operational concept found in 91.175(l) and (m)" In one EVS installation, the camera is actually installed at the top of the vertical stabilizer rather than "as close as practical to the pilots eye position". When used with

1001-417: A driver wearing sunglasses with polarised lenses. Add-on HUD systems also exist, projecting the display onto a glass combiner mounted above or below the windshield, or using the windshield itself as the combiner. The first in-car HUD was developed by General Motors Corporation in 1999 with the function of displaying the navigation service in front of the driver's line of sight. Moving into 2010, AR technology

1078-488: A flat area of the windscreen, and later in the gunsight itself. A key upgrade was the move from the original AI Mk. IV radar to the microwave-frequency AI Mk. VIII radar found on the de Havilland Mosquito night fighter . This set produced an artificial horizon that further eased head-up flying. In 1955 the US Navy 's Office of Naval Research and Development did some research with a mockup HUD concept unit along with

1155-466: A fuel consumption of 6.2 l/100 km (16.1 km/l; 37.9 mpg ‑US ). Power comes from a 1.5-liter turbocharged petrol engine mated with an electric motor in the DM-i EHS170 electric hybrid system and a 3-in-1 rear-drive hybrid assembly. The driving range for the pure electric version is 620 km (385 mi) with a maximum charging power of 166 kW and a LFP battery with

1232-429: A hard time reacting to the verbal instruction of the radar operator as they approached their targets. They experimented with the addition of a second radar display for the pilot, but found they had trouble looking up from the lit screen into the dark sky in order to find the target. In October 1942 they had successfully combined the image from the radar tube with a projection from their standard GGS Mk. II gyro gunsight on

1309-519: A key factor in integration of the human in the design. By enabling engineers to interact with their designs in full life-size scale, products can be validated for issues that may not have been visible until physical prototyping. The use of HMDs for VR is seen as supplemental to the conventional use of CAVE for VR simulation. HMDs are predominantly used for single-person interaction with the design, while CAVEs allow for more collaborative virtual reality sessions. Head Mounted Display systems are also used in

1386-481: A low-powered laser ( virtual retinal display ) are also being tested. A HUD product developed in 2012 could perform real-time language translation. In an implementation of an Optical head-mounted display , the EyeTap product allows superimposed computer-generated graphic files to be displayed on a lens. The Google Glass was another early product. Head-mounted display A head-mounted display ( HMD )

1463-400: A number of other applications. In military settings, a HUD can be used to overlay tactical information such as the output of a laser rangefinder or squadmate locations to infantrymen . A prototype HUD has also been developed that displays information on the inside of a swimmer's goggles or of a scuba diver's mask . HUD systems that project information directly onto the wearer's retina with

1540-438: A number of unwanted symptoms have been caused by prolonged use of certain types of head-mounted displays, and these issues must be resolved before optimal training and simulation is feasible. Depth perception inside an HMD requires different images for the left and right eyes. There are multiple ways to provide these separate images: The advantage of dual video inputs is that it provides the maximum resolution for each image and

1617-557: A real scene. Recent applications have included the use of HMD for paratroopers . In 2005, the Liteye HMD was introduced for ground combat troops as a rugged, waterproof lightweight display that clips into a standard U.S. PVS-14 military helmet mount. The self-contained color monocular organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display replaces the NVG tube and connects to a mobile computing device. The LE has see-through ability and can be used as

SECTION 20

#1732794124550

1694-466: A standard HMD or for augmented reality applications. The design is optimized to provide high definition data under all lighting conditions, in covered or see-through modes of operation. The LE has a low power consumption, operating on four AA batteries for 35 hours or receiving power via standard Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) continues to fund research in augmented reality HMDs as part of

1771-637: A virtual cinema. These devices typically feature a relatively narrow field of view (FOV) of 50–60°, making them less immersive than virtual-reality headsets, but they offer correspondingly higher resolution in terms of pixels per degree. Released in 2011, the Sony HMZ-T1 featured 1280x720 resolution per eye. In approximately 2015, standalone Android 5 (Lollipop) based "private cinema" products were released using various brands such as VRWorld, Magicsee, based on software from Nibiru. Products released as of 2020 featuring 1920×1080 resolution per eye included

1848-415: A visor, or a helmet. The display units are miniaturized and may include cathode-ray tubes (CRT), liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), liquid crystal on silicon (LCos), or organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). Some vendors employ multiple micro-displays to increase total resolution and field of view . HMDs differ in whether they can display only computer-generated imagery (CGI), or only live imagery from

1925-400: A wings level aircraft (i.e. the flight path vector symbol is flat relative to the horizon line and there is zero roll on the turn/bank indicator.) Airspeed is 140 knots, altitude is 9,450 feet, heading is 343 degrees (the number below the turn/bank indicator.) Close inspection of the image shows a small purple circle which is displaced from the flight path vector slightly to the lower right. This

2002-414: Is a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display created by Palmer Luckey that the company Oculus VR developed for virtual reality simulations and video games. The HTC Vive is a virtual reality head-mounted display. The headset is produced by a collaboration between Valve and HTC , with its defining feature being precision room-scale tracking, and high-precision motion controllers. The PlayStation VR

2079-409: Is a display device, worn on the head or as part of a helmet (see helmet-mounted display for aviation applications), that has a small display optic in front of one ( monocular HMD) or each eye ( binocular HMD). HMDs have many uses including gaming, aviation, engineering, and medicine. Virtual reality headsets are a type of HMD that track 3D position and rotation to provide a virtual environment to

2156-475: Is a virtual reality headset for gaming consoles, dedicated for the PlayStation 4 . Windows Mixed Reality is a platform developed by Microsoft which includes a wide range of headsets produced by HP, Samsung, and others and is capable of playing most HTC Vive games. It uses only inside-out tracking for its controllers. Some head-mounted displays are designed to present traditional video and film content in

2233-433: Is combined with the surgeon's natural view of the operation, and anesthesia, where the patient vital signs are within the anesthesiologist's field of view at all times. Research universities often use HMDs to conduct studies related to vision, balance, cognition and neuroscience. As of 2010, the use of predictive visual tracking measurement to identify mild traumatic brain injury was being studied. In visual tracking tests,

2310-715: Is made of partly silvered mirrors. It can reflect artificial images, and let real images cross the lens, and let a user look through it. Various methods have existed for see-through HMD's, most of which can be summarized into two main families based on curved mirrors or waveguides . Curved mirrors have been used by Laster Technologies, and by Vuzix in their Star 1200 product. Various waveguide methods have existed for years. These include diffraction optics, holographic optics, polarized optics, and reflective optics. Major HMD applications include military, government (fire, police, etc.), and civilian-commercial (medicine, video gaming, sports, etc.). In 1962, Hughes Aircraft Company revealed

2387-468: Is often called optical see-through. Combining real-world view with CGI can also be done electronically by accepting video from a camera and mixing it electronically with CGI. By using AR technology, the HMDs are allowed to achieve a see-through display. By using virtual reality (VR) technology, the HMDs can realize viewing the images in 360 degrees. An optical head-mounted display uses an optical mixer which

Denza D9 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-411: Is restricted because of fog, even though EVS may provide a clear visual image it is not appropriate (or legal) to maneuver the aircraft using only the EVS below 100 feet above ground level.) HUD systems are also being designed to display a synthetic vision system (SVS) graphic image, which uses high precision navigation, attitude, altitude and terrain databases to create realistic and intuitive views of

2541-601: Is the guidance cue coming from the Flight Guidance System. When stabilized on the approach, this purple symbol should be centered within the FPV. The terrain is entirely computer generated from a high resolution terrain database. In some systems, the SVS will calculate the aircraft's current flight path, or possible flight path (based on an aircraft performance model, the aircraft's current energy, and surrounding terrain) and then turn any obstructions red to alert

2618-434: Is visible running across the display with a break at the center, and directly to the left are numbers at ±10 degrees with a short line at ±5 degrees (the +5 degree line is easier to see) which, along with the horizon line, show the pitch of the aircraft. Unlike this color depiction of SVS on a head down primary flight display, the SVS displayed on a HUD is monochrome – that is, typically, in shades of green. The image indicates

2695-567: Is widely used in aerial cinematography and aerial photography . A HMD system has been developed for Formula One drivers by Kopin Corp. and the BMW Group. The HMD displays critical race data while allowing the driver to continue focusing on the track as pit crews control the data and messages sent to their drivers through two-way radio . Recon Instruments released on 3 November 2011 two head-mounted displays for ski goggles , MOD and MOD Live,

2772-463: The Space Shuttle orbiter. There are several factors that interplay in the design of a HUD: On aircraft avionics systems, HUDs typically operate from dual independent redundant computer systems. They receive input directly from the sensors ( pitot-static , gyroscopic , navigation, etc.) aboard the aircraft and perform their own computations rather than receiving previously computed data from

2849-415: The monochromatic light projected onto it from the projector unit while allowing all other wavelengths of light to pass through. In some optical layouts combiners may also have a curved surface to refocus the image from the projector. The computer provides the interface between the HUD (i.e. the projection unit) and the systems/data to be displayed and generates the imagery and symbology to be displayed by

2926-563: The reflector sight , a pre-World War II parallax -free optical sight technology for military fighter aircraft . The gyro gunsight added a reticle that moved based on the speed and turn rate to solve for the amount of lead needed to hit a target while maneuvering. During the early 1940s, the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), in charge of UK radar development, found that Royal Air Force (RAF) night fighter pilots were having

3003-445: The 1960s, French test-pilot Gilbert Klopfstein created the first modern HUD and a standardized system of HUD symbols so that pilots would only have to learn one system and could more easily transition between aircraft. The modern HUD used in instrument flight rules approaches to landing was developed in 1975. Klopfstein pioneered HUD technology in military fighter jets and helicopters , aiming to centralize critical flight data within

3080-596: The Electrocular, a compact CRT (7" long), head-mounted monocular display that reflected a TV signal in to transparent eyepiece. Ruggedized HMDs are increasingly being integrated into the cockpits of modern helicopters and fighter aircraft. These are usually fully integrated with the pilot's flying helmet and may include protective visors, night vision devices , and displays of other symbology. Military, police, and firefighters use HMDs to display tactical information such as maps or thermal imaging data while viewing

3157-667: The Goovis G2 and Royole Moon. Also available was the Avegant Glyph, which incorporated 720P retinal projection per eye, and the Cinera Prime, which featured 2560×1440 resolution per eye as well as a 66° FOV. The rather large Cinera Prime used either a standard support arm or an optional head mount. Expected to be available in late-2021 was the Cinera Edge, featuring the same FOV and 2560×1440 resolution per eye as

Denza D9 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-483: The Persistent Close Air Support (PCAS) Program. Vuzix is currently working on a system for PCAS that will use holographic waveguides to produce see-through augmented reality glasses that are only a few millimeters thick. Engineers and scientists use HMDs to provide stereoscopic views of computer-aided design (CAD) schematics. Virtual reality, when applied to engineering and design, is

3311-635: The VISIONHMD Bigeyes H1, and the Dream Glass 4K, which instead offered an audio headphones jack. First-person view (FPV) drone flying uses head-mounted displays which are commonly called "FPV goggles". Analog FPV goggles (such as the ones produced by Fat Shark ) are commonly used for drone racing as they offer the lowest video latency. But digital FPV goggles (such as produced by DJI ) are becoming increasingly popular due to their higher resolution video. Since 2010s, FPV drone flying

3388-422: The advantage that the pilot's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside after looking at the optically nearer instruments. Although they were initially developed for military aviation, HUDs are now used in commercial aircraft, automobiles, and other (mostly professional) applications. Head-up displays were a precursor technology to augmented reality (AR), incorporating a subset of the features needed for

3465-543: The aircraft. In mid-2017, the Israel Defense Forces will begin trials of Elbit 's Iron Vision, the world's first helmet-mounted head-up display for tanks. Israel's Elbit, which developed the helmet-mounted display system for the F-35 , plans Iron Vision to use a number of externally mounted cameras to project the 360° view of a tank's surroundings onto the helmet-mounted visors of its crew members. This allows

3542-417: The cockpit of the craft, using their own eyes as visual and seeing the battlefield through their craft's own cockpit. Many brands of video glasses can be connected to modern video and DSLR cameras, making them applicable as a new age monitor. As a result of the glasses ability to block out ambient light, filmmakers and photographers are able to see clearer presentations of their live images. The Oculus Rift

3619-453: The crew members to stay inside the tank, without having to open the hatches to see outside. These displays are becoming increasingly available in production cars, and usually offer speedometer , tachometer , and navigation system displays. Night vision information is also displayed via HUD on certain automobiles. In contrast to most HUDs found in aircraft, automotive head-up displays are not parallax-free. The display may not be visible to

3696-476: The earlier Cinera Prime model, but with a much more compact form factor . Other products available in 2021 were the Cinemizer OLED, with 870×500 resolution per eye, the VISIONHMD Bigeyes H1, with 1280x720 resolution per eye, and the Dream Glass 4K, with 1920x1080 resolution per eye. All of the products mentioned here incorporated audio headphones or earphones except for the Goovis G2, the Cinera Prime,

3773-433: The first aftermarket automotive Head-Up Display to use a direct-to-eye laser beam scanning method, also known as virtual retinal display (VRD.) AR-HUD's core technology involves a miniature laser beam scanning display developed by MicroVision, Inc. Motorcycle helmet HUDs are also commercially available. In recent years, it has been argued that conventional HUDs will be replaced by holographic AR technologies, such as

3850-560: The flight computers. On other aircraft (the Boeing 787, for example) the HUD guidance computation for Low Visibility Take-off (LVTO) and low visibility approach comes from the same flight guidance computer that drives the autopilot. Computers are integrated with the aircraft's systems and allow connectivity onto several different data buses such as the ARINC 429 , ARINC 629, and MIL-STD-1553 . Typical aircraft HUDs display airspeed , altitude ,

3927-501: The flight crew. Such a system might have helped prevent the crash of American Airlines Flight 965 into a mountain in December 1995. On the left side of the display is an SVS-unique symbol, with the appearance of a purple, diminishing sideways ladder, and which continues on the right of the display. The two lines define a "tunnel in the sky". This symbol defines the desired trajectory of the aircraft in three dimensions. For example, if

SECTION 50

#1732794124550

4004-688: The flightpath and pursuit guidance information into a narrow field of view, easily assimilated by the pilot with a single glance, and the superposition of vertical and horizontal situation information. The display is a derivative of a successful design developed for conventional transport aircraft. The use of head-up displays allows commercial aircraft substantial flexibility in their operations. Systems have been approved which allow reduced-visibility takeoffs, and landings, as well as full manual Category III A landings and roll-outs. Initially expensive and physically large, these systems were only installed on larger aircraft able to support them. These tended to be

4081-523: The full AR experience, but lacking the necessary registration and tracking between the virtual content and the user's real-world environment. A typical HUD contains three primary components: a projector unit , a combiner , and a video generation computer . The projection unit in a typical HUD is an optical collimator setup: a convex lens or concave mirror with a cathode-ray tube , light emitting diode display , or liquid crystal display at its focus. This setup (a design that has been around since

4158-462: The invention of the reflector sight in 1900) produces an image where the light is collimated , i.e. the focal point is perceived to be at infinity. The combiner is typically an angled flat piece of glass (a beam splitter ) located directly in front of the viewer, that redirects the projected image from projector in such a way as to see the field of view and the projected infinity image at the same time. Combiners may have special coatings that reflect

4235-438: The latter based on an Android operating system. A key application for HMDs is training and simulation, allowing to virtually place a trainee in a situation that is either too expensive or too dangerous to replicate in real-life. Training with HMDs covers a wide range of applications from driving, welding and spray painting, flight and vehicle simulators, dismounted soldier training, medical procedure training, and more. However,

4312-402: The maintenance of complex systems, as they can give a technician a simulated x-ray vision by combining computer graphics such as system diagrams and imagery with the technician's natural vision (augmented or modified reality). There are also applications in surgery, wherein a combination of radiographic data ( X-ray computed tomography (CAT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging)

4389-543: The maximum frame rate for each eye. The disadvantage of dual video inputs is that it requires separate video outputs and cables from the device generating the content. Time-based multiplexing preserves the full resolution per each image, but reduces the frame rate by half. For example, if the signal is presented at 60 Hz, each eye is receiving just 30 Hz updates. This may become an issue with accurately presenting fast-moving images. Side-by-side and top-bottom multiplexing provide full-rate updates to each eye, but reduce

4466-466: The old electro-mechanical gunsight, with the HUD being described as a radical, even foolhardy option. The Air Arm branch of the UK Ministry of Defence sponsored the development of a Strike Sight. The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) designed the equipment and the earliest usage of the term "head-up-display" can be traced to this time. Production units were built by Rank Cintel , and the system

4543-430: The ones developed by WayRay that use holographic optical elements (HOE.) The HOE allows for a wider field of view while reducing the size of the device and making the solution customizable for any car model. Mercedes Benz introduced an Augmented Reality-based Head Up Display while Faurecia invested in an eye gaze and finger controlled head up display. HUDs have been proposed or are being experimentally developed for

4620-599: The only commercial passenger aircraft available with HUDs. However, the technology is becoming more common with aircraft such as the Canadair RJ , Airbus A318 and several business jets featuring the displays. HUDs have become standard equipment on the Boeing ;787 . Furthermore, the Airbus A320, A330, A340 and A380 families are currently undergoing the certification process for a HUD. HUDs were also added to

4697-504: The outside terrain. Flight data from a tablet computer can be projected on the $ 1,800 Epic Optix Eagle 1 HUD. In more advanced systems, such as the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-labeled 'Enhanced Flight Vision System', a real-world visual image can be overlaid onto the combiner. Typically an infrared camera (either single or multi-band) is installed in the nose of the aircraft to display

SECTION 60

#1732794124550

4774-405: The outside world. In the 1st SVS head down image shown on the right, immediately visible indicators include the airspeed tape on the left, altitude tape on the right, and turn/bank/slip/skid displays at the top center. The boresight symbol (-v-) is in the center and directly below that is the flight path vector (FPV) symbol (the circle with short wings and a vertical stabilizer.) The horizon line

4851-483: The physical world, or combination. Most HMDs can display only a computer-generated image, sometimes referred to as virtual image. Some HMDs can allow a CGI to be superimposed on real-world view. This is sometimes referred to as augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality (MR). Combining real-world view with CGI can be done by projecting the CGI through a partially reflective mirror and viewing the real world directly. This method

4928-548: The pilot had selected an airport to the left, then this symbol would curve off to the left and down. If the pilot keeps the flight path vector alongside the trajectory symbol, the craft will fly the optimum path. This path would be based on information stored in the Flight Management System's database and would show the FAA-approved approach for that airport. The tunnel in the sky can also greatly assist

5005-431: The pilot when more precise four-dimensional flying is required, such as the decreased vertical or horizontal clearance requirements of Required Navigation Performance (RNP.) Under such conditions the pilot is given a graphical depiction of where the aircraft should be and where it should be going rather than the pilot having to mentally integrate altitude, airspeed, heading, energy and longitude and latitude to correctly fly

5082-672: The pilot's field of vision. This approach sought to increase the pilot's scan efficiency and reduce "task saturation" and information overload . Use of HUDs then expanded beyond military aircraft. In the 1970s, the HUD was introduced to commercial aviation, and in 1988, the Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme became the first production car with a head-up display. Until a few years ago, the Embraer 190, Saab 2000, Boeing 727, and Boeing 737 Classic (737-300/400/500) and Next Generation aircraft (737-600/700/800/900 series) were

5159-471: The projection unit. Other than fixed mounted HUD, there are also head-mounted displays (HMDs.) These include helmet-mounted displays (both abbreviated HMD), forms of HUD that feature a display element that moves with the orientation of the user's head. Many modern fighters (such as the F/A-18 , F-16 , and Eurofighter ) use both a HUD and HMD concurrently. The F-35 Lightning II was designed without

5236-401: The real world and therefore being able to provide accurate data rather than misleading information. While the EVS display can greatly help, the FAA has only relaxed operating regulations so an aircraft with EVS can perform a CATEGORY I approach to CATEGORY II minimums . In all other cases the flight crew must comply with all "unaided" visual restrictions. (For example, if the runway visibility

5313-489: The resolution presented to each eye. Many 3D broadcasts, such as ESPN , chose to provide side-by-side 3D which saves the need to allocate extra transmission bandwidth and is more suitable to fast-paced sports action relative to time-based multiplexing methods. Not all HMDs provide depth perception. Some lower-end modules are essentially bi-ocular devices where both eyes are presented with the same image. 3D video players sometimes allow maximum compatibility with HMDs by providing

5390-406: The same aircraft that as standard supported autoland (with the exception of certain turbo-prop types that had HUD as an option) making the head-up display unnecessary for Cat III landings. This delayed the adoption of HUD in commercial aircraft. At the same time, studies have shown that the use of a HUD during landings decreases the lateral deviation from centerline in all landing conditions, although

5467-459: The touchdown point along the centerline is not changed. For general aviation , MyGoFlight expects to receive a STC and to retail its SkyDisplay HUD for $ 25,000 without installation for a single piston-engine as the Cirrus SR22s and more for Cessna Caravans or Pilatus PC-12s single-engine turboprops: 5 to 10% of a traditional HUD cost albeit it is non- conformal , not matching exactly

5544-439: The user. 3DOF VR headsets typically use an IMU for tracking. 6DOF VR headsets typically use sensor fusion from multiple data sources including at least one IMU. An optical head-mounted display (OHMD) is a wearable display that can reflect projected images and allows a user to see through it. A typical HMD has one or two small displays, with lenses and semi-transparent mirrors embedded in eyeglasses (also termed data glasses),

5621-548: Was Sony, which released the Glasstron in 1997. It had as an optional accessory a positional sensor which permitted the user to view the surroundings, with the perspective moving as the head moved, providing a deep sense of immersion. One novel application of this technology was in the game MechWarrior 2 , which permitted users of the Sony Glasstron or Virtual I/O's iGlasses to adopt a new visual perspective from inside

5698-426: Was designed to fly at very low altitudes at very high speeds and drop bombs in engagements lasting seconds. As such, there was no time for the pilot to look up from the instruments to a bombsight. This led to the concept of a "Strike Sight" that would combine altitude, airspeed and the gun/bombsight into a single gunsight-like display. There was fierce competition between supporters of the new HUD design and supporters of

5775-402: Was developed at NASA Ames Research Center to provide pilots of VTOL and STOL aircraft with complete flight guidance and control information for Category III C terminal-area flight operations. This includes a large variety of flight operations, from STOL flights on land-based runways to VTOL operations on aircraft carriers . The principal features of this display format are the integration of

5852-544: Was first integrated in 1958. The Cintel HUD business was taken over by Elliott Flight Automation and the Buccaneer HUD was manufactured and further developed, continuing up to a Mark III version with a total of 375 systems made; it was given a 'fit and forget' title by the Royal Navy and it was still in service nearly 25 years later. BAE Systems , as the successor to Elliotts via GEC-Marconi Avionics, thus has

5929-411: Was introduced and combined with the existing in-car HUD. Based on this technology, the navigation service began to be displayed on the windshield of the vehicle. In 2012, Pioneer Corporation introduced a HUD navigation system that replaces the driver-side sun visor and visually overlays animations of conditions ahead, a form of augmented reality (AR.) Developed by Pioneer Corporation, AR-HUD became

#549450