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53-499: There are two possible origins of the name 'Depok'. The first is that it the region was already known as Depok when the land was bought by Cornelis Chastelein , a senior official in the Dutch East India Company in 1696 and that on 18 May 1696, a former VOC officer Cornelis Chastelein bought land with an area of 12.44 km, 6.2% the area of today's Depok. Besides cultivating the area with industrial plants with

106-549: A creole ethnic group in that their ancestors came from various parts of Indonesia and abroad. Before the 19th century, the self-identity of the Betawi people was not yet formed. The name Betawi is adopted from the native rendering of the term " Batavia " city which was originally named after the Batavi , an ancient Germanic tribe. In the 17th century, Dutch colonial authorities began to import servants and labours from all over

159-400: A gabled roof , except for the joglo house, which has a high-pointed roof. Betawi architecture has a specific ornamentation called gigi balang ("grasshopper teeth") which are a row of wooden shingles applied on the roof fascia. Another distinctive characteristic of the Betawi house is a langkan , a framed open front terrace where the Betawi family receives their guests. The large front terrace

212-518: A city headed by a mayor. Then on 20 April 1999, the city of Depok was unified with some neighbouring districts of Bogor Regency to form an autonomous city of Depok (independent of the Regency) with an area of 199.91 km. This date is commemorated as the date of the establishment of the city. Depok is headed by a mayor, with a legislative assembly. Both the mayor and the members of the legislative assembly are elected by direct vote. The city of Depok

265-529: A culture and language distinct from the surrounding Sundanese and Javanese. The Betawis are known for their traditions in music and food. The Betawi language, also known as Betawi Malay, is a Malay-based creole language. It was the only Malay-based dialect spoken on the northern coast of Java ; other northern Java coastal areas are overwhelmingly dominated by Javanese dialects , while some parts speak Madurese and Sundanese . The Betawi vocabulary has many Hokkien Chinese, Arabic , and Dutch loanwords. Today

318-762: A few areas. During the Bersiap (Indonesian civil war and war for independence from The Netherlands) period of 1945 much of Depok was destroyed and many of its inhabitants killed by 'Pemuda'. Many of the original Depok families fled for their lives from Indonesia during the Indonesian revolution and now live in the Netherlands as part of the Indo community there. In March 1982, Depok was reclassified as an administrative city within Bogor Regency and, in 1999, as

371-692: A growing eclectic collection of malls and traditional markets. Older malls or other notable shopping centers include D'mall Depok, Ciplaz Depok, and SixtyOne Building, and ITC Depok. Depok has many local restaurants and has wide presence of international chains. Modern-day landmarks that were once known as Depok's primary shopping centers include Ramanda (now an autoshop plus education centre), Hero Supermarket (now Index Home Furnishings) etc. There are many shopping centers in Depok, such as: Traditional markets include Pasar Depok Baru, Pasar Depok Lama (short: Pasar Lama), Pasar Kemiri (originally expanded to facilitate

424-446: A mixed blood girl as daughter: Maria Chastelein mixtures (5 June 1693). Cornelis Chastelein died at the age of 56, on 28 June 1714 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon and 28 June is still the official day of Chastelein being commemorated. In addition to his great ability as a businessman, Chastelein was a socially moved man who had his time far ahead. His greatest merit, however, was his legacy to his body-owners. In his will, he had found that

477-500: A pepper plantation. It can not be a coincidence that Chastelein had let this family work in Depok, slave families like Laurens and Loen from Ambon. During the period he wrote a dissertation in which he established an ethical manifestation against the Dutch East India Company's merchant politics, especially toward Governor General Willem van Outhoorn , who was in favor of aggressive trade policy. Cornelis Chastelein

530-567: A significantly large number of followers; for example, as of 2021, Forkabi has a membership of 500,000 people across the Jabodetabek region. Religion of Betawinese A substantial majority of the Betawi people follow Sunni Islam . Anthropologist Fachry Ali of IAIN Pekalongan considers that Islam is one of the main sources for the formation of the Betawi culture and identity, and as such these two cannot be separated. The element of Islam can be seen in many parts of Betawi society. For example,

583-605: A wedding is probably a European custom. Other Betawi celebrations and ceremonies include sunatan or khitanan (Muslim circumcision ), and the Lebaran Betawi festival. Silat Betawi is a martial art of the Betawi people, which was not quite popular but recently has gained wider attention thanks to the popularity of Silat films, such as The Raid . Betawi martial art was rooted in the Betawi culture of jagoan (lit. "tough guy" or "local hero") that during colonial times often went against colonial authority; despised by

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636-604: Is a choreographed mock fighting between the groom's entourage with the bride's jagoan kampung (local champion). The fight is naturally won by the groom's entourage as the village champs welcome him to the bride's home. The traditional wedding dress of Betawi displays Chinese influences in the bride's costume and Arabian influences in the groom's costume. Betawi people borrowed the Chinese culture of firecrackers during weddings, circumcisions, or any celebrative events. The tradition of bringing roti buaya (crocodile bread) during

689-430: Is divided into eleven districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district and its postal codes. The ethnic groups characteristics in the population of Depok are diverse. Based on data from

742-666: Is the home town of the Persikad Depok and Dejan FC football team who currently plays in the Liga 3 . Angkot is the major means of public transportation in Depok. Go-Jek and Grab and taxicabs are easily available. Depok is connected to other areas of greater Jakarta by KRL Commuterline , TransJakarta & Jabodebek LRT . Depok Lama , Depok Baru Station , Universitas Indonesia Station , Pondok Cina Station and Citayam Station of KRL Commuterline commuter train service located within Depok. Commuter train and Light metro

795-586: Is thriving since it is being adopted by immigrants who have settled in Jakarta. The Betawi culture also has become an identity for the city, promoted through municipal government patronage. The Betawi dialect is often spoken in TV shows and dramas . Traditionally Betawi people are not urban dwellers living in gedong (European-style building) or two-storied Chinese rumah toko ( shophouse ) clustered in and around Batavia city walls. They are living in kampungs around

848-477: Is used as an outdoor living space. The Gambang kromong and Tanjidor , as well as Keroncong Kemayoran music, is derived from the kroncong music of Portuguese Mardijker people of the Tugu area, North Jakarta. " Si Jali-jali " is an example of a traditional Betawi song. The Ondel-ondel large bamboo masked-puppet giant effigy is similar to Chinese - Balinese Barong Landung and Sundanese Badawang ,

901-621: Is widely used to travel to Jakarta city center and other parts of Greater Jakarta , but is very crowded during peak hours. Depok is served by Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport . Meanwhile Pondok Cabe Airport is located at South Tangerang in borders with Depok, but doesn't have regular scheduled air service. Depok is twinned with: Cornelis Chastelein Cornelis Chastelein , also written Chasteleijn or Chastelijn ( Amsterdam , August 10, 1657 – Batavia , June 28, 1714)

954-542: The 2000 Indonesian census , the majority of the Depok population's are Betawi , Javanese , and Sundanese . Significant numbers also come from the Sumatran ethnic groups, namely Batak and Minangkabau . The diversity of ethnic groups in Depok greatly influences the differences in culture and customs of the peoples, where the Betawi people of native Depok and a small number of Sundanese people (not including other ethnic Sundanese immigrants from Parahyangan and Banten ) in

1007-480: The Batavia Castle . In that same year, he was resolutely fired on request "with regard to his increasing weakness". It is not unlikely that the appointment of Joan van Hoorn as Director-General, by which he became Chastelein's chief, was the reason for this resignation request. It was known that Chastelein and van Hoorn doesn't go very well together. From 1691 to 1704, Chastelein acquired various estates to

1060-628: The 17th to 18th century, the dwellers of Batavia were identified according to their ethnics of origin; either Sundanese, Javanese, Malays, Ambonese, Buginese-Makassar, or Arabs and Chinese. This was shown in the Batavia census record that listed the immigrant's ethnic background of Batavian citizens. They were separated into specific ethnic-based enclaves kampungs , which is why in today's Jakarta there are some regions named after ethnic-specific names such as Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bali, Makassar, and Kampung Ambon. These ethnic groups merged and formed around

1113-451: The 18th to 19th centuries. It was not until the late 19th or early 20th century that the group – who would become the dwellers of Batavia, referred to themselves as "Betawi", which refers to a Creole Malay-speaking ethnic group that has a mixed culture of different influences; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese to Arabic and Chinese. The term "Betawi" was first listed as an ethnic category in the 1930 census of Batavia residents. The Betawi people have

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1166-501: The Betawi language is a popular informal language in Indonesia and used as the base of Indonesian slang . It has become one of the most widely spoken languages in Indonesia, and also one of the most active local dialects in the country. Due to their historical sentiment as a marginalized ethnic group in their native land, the Betawi people form several communal organizations to protect themselves from other ethnic groups and strengthen

1219-502: The Betawi solidarity. Notable organizations include the Forum Betawi Rempug (FBR), Forum Komunikasi Anak Betawi (Communication Forum for Betawi People, Forkabi), and Ikatan Keluarga Betawi (Betawi Family Network, IKB). These organizations act as grassroots movements to increase the bargaining power of the Betawi people whose significant part of them are economically relegated to the informal sector . Some of them hold

1272-632: The Biblical names given to Chastelein to the converted slave families. The remaining seven families retained their original names: Bacas, Laurens, Leander, Loen, Sadokh, Soedira and Tholense. After the Second World War, the name Sadokh went extinct. In 1704, Chastelein worked for the company once more as 'Extraordinary Council'. After his first meeting in the Council of the Indies in 1705, he

1325-887: The Christian faith. Among the Betawi ethnic Christians, some have claimed that they are the descendants of the Portuguese Mardijker who intermarried with the local population, who mainly settled in the area of Kampung Tugu , North Jakarta . Although today Betawi culture is often perceived as Muslim culture , it also has other roots which include Christian Portuguese and Chinese Peranakan culture. Recently, there has been an ongoing debate on defining Betawi culture and identity—as mainstream Betawi organizations are criticized for only accommodating Muslim Betawi while marginalizing non-Muslim elements within Betawi culture—such as Portuguese Christian Betawi Tugu and Tangerang Buddhist Cina Benteng community. Meester Anthing became

1378-637: The Dutch as thugs and bandits, but highly respected by locals pribumis as native's champion. In the Betawi dialect, their style of pencak silat is called maen pukulan (lit. playing strike) which is related to Sundanese maen po . Notable schools among others are Beksi and Cingkrik . Beksi is one of the most commonly practised forms of silat in Greater Jakarta and is distinguishable from other Betawi silat styles by its close-distance combat style and lack of offensive leg action. Finding its roots in

1431-559: The Forum Betawi Rempug (FBR), a Betawi organization, considers the ethos of their organization to be the three S's: Sholat (prayer), Silat (martial arts), and Sekolah ( pesantren -based education). Betawi people often strongly emphasize their Islamic identity in their writings, which is observed by many foreign academics. Susan Abeyasekere of Monash University observed that many of the Betawi people are devout and orthodox Muslims. There are Betawi people who profess

1484-628: The Government as it referred to Dutch colonialization. The 12 original Depok family names are: The original slave families of Depok are of Balinese , Ambonese , Buginese , Sundanese and Portuguese Indo , i.e., Mestizo and Mardijker descent. Isakh, Jacob, Jonathans, Joseph, and Samuel were family names baptized by Chastelein after the slave families converted to Protestant Christianity . The other families retained their original names and might have been (Roman Catholic) Christian already before joining Chastelein's Protestant church. Descendants of

1537-584: The Ship's ’t Huis te Cleeff and arrived at Batavia on August 16, 1675. In Batavia, Chastelein worked as an accountant in service of the company. Cornelis Chastelein was successful in his career. In 1682 he was one a big shopkeeper ( groot-winkelier ) in the Grooten Winkel te Batavia . In 1691, he was of the wealthiest "Big Shopkeeper in the Big Store in Batavia", and in 1691 he was "Second Upperman of

1590-771: The ability to get up close and personal with nature. There are also other children's amusement parks in the city such as Depok Fantasi Waterpark, Taman Pemuda Pratama, and Pondok Zidane. The following universities are located in Depok: Depok has several private language schools, namely EF English First, Kinderfield Highfield Depok, International Language Programs (ILP), Lembaga Indonesia Amerika (LIA), The British Institute (TBI), Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia - Amerika (LPIA), and several other smaller establishments. These are all along Margonda Raya and Cinere Raya, among main roads that pass through Depok. In Depok City itself, for Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) there are around 72 schools. Depok

1643-485: The archipelago into Batavia. One of the earliest were Balinese slaves bought from Bali and Ambonese mercenaries. Subsequently, other ethnic groups followed suit; they were Malays , Sundanese , Javanese , Minangkabaus , Buginese , and Makassar . Foreign and mixed ethnic groups were also included; such as Indos , Mardijkers , Portuguese , Dutch , Arabs , Chinese , and Indians , who were originally brought to or attracted to Batavia to work. Originally, circa

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1696-521: The archipelago: Balinese , Ambonese , Buginese and Sundanese . It is suspected that there were also the descendants of the Mardijkers , a group of Portuguese-creole, among his slaves. Of the twelve original slave families, at least five families decided to receive a new Christian name from Chastelein. There were also Roman Catholic families which were converted to (Protestant) Christianity by Chastelein. Isakh, Jacob, Jonathan, Joseph and Samuel are

1749-445: The art forms of masked dance. The traditional Betawi dance costumes show both Chinese and European influences, while the movements such as Yapong dance, which is derived from Sundanese Jaipongan dance with a hint of Chinese style. Another dance is Topeng Betawi or Betawi mask dance . Betawi's popular folk drama is called lenong , which is a form of theater that draws themes from local urban legends, and foreign stories to

1802-689: The city filled with orchards. As Jakarta becomes more and more densely populated, so do Betawi traditional villages that have mostly now turned into a densely packed urban village with humble houses tucked in between high-rise buildings and main roads. Some of the more authentic Betawi villages survived only on the outskirts of the city, such as in Setu Babakan, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta bordering with Depok area, West Java. Traditional Betawi houses can be found in Betawi traditional kampung (villages) in Condet and Setu Babakan area, East and South Jakarta. In

1855-432: The city of Jakarta and its immediate outskirts, as such often described as the inhabitants of the city. They are the descendants of the people who inhabited Batavia (the Dutch colonial name of Jakarta) from the 17th century onwards. The term Betawi people emerged in the 18th century as an amalgamation of various ethnic groups into Batavia. The Betawis are the most recently formed ethnic groups in Indonesia. They are

1908-467: The cluster of Bugis fishermen villages can be found inhabiting Jakarta's Thousands Islands . An example of a well-preserved Betawi rumah panggung style is Rumah Si Pitung , located in Marunda, Cilincing , North Jakarta . Betawi houses are typically one of three styles: rumah bapang (or rumah kebaya ), rumah gudang (warehouse style), and Javanese-influenced rumah joglo . Most Betawi houses have

1961-479: The coastal area in the Marunda area, North Jakarta, the Betawi traditional houses are built in rumah panggung style, which are houses built on stilts . The coastal stilt houses were built according to coastal wet environs which are sometimes flooded by tides or floods, it was possibly influenced by Malay and Bugis traditional houses . Malay and Bugis migrants around Batavia were historically clustered in coastal areas as they worked as traders or fishermen. Today,

2014-579: The eastern part of the city are recognized as the indigenous people of Depok. The following is the population of Depok City based on ethnicity according to data from the 2000 Indonesian census; In Depok there are areas where the majority of the people speak Sundanese, namely Leuwinanggung and Cimpaeun urban villages ( kelurahan ) in Tapos district and there are also several other districts whose people speak Sundanese , as in Cimanggis and Cilodong. Depok has

2067-469: The everyday life of Betawi people. Mangkeng is a ceremony used at important public gatherings and especially at weddings. The main purpose is to bring good luck and ward off the rain. It is performed by the village shaman , also called the Pangkeng shaman, where the name originates. During a Betawi wedding ceremony, there is a palang pintu (lit. door's bar) tradition of silat Betawi demonstration. It

2120-452: The first of its kind in Java, a Protestant congregation consisting of native Indonesians which was named De Eerste Protestante Organisatie van Christenen (DEPOC). In 1704, Chastelein bought another land which later he named Weltevreden . In this new estate he established the first experimental coffee plantation in the Indies, as well as the first Indies zoo. In the estate of Depok he created

2173-627: The first to bring Christianity to the Betawi community of Kampung Sawah, and founded the Protestant Church of Kampung Sawah, by combining mysticism, Betawi culture, and Christianity. However this community split into three rival factions in 1895, the first faction was led by Guru Laban based in West Kampung Sawah, the second faction was under Yoseh based in East Kampung Sawah, and the third under Guru Nathanael which

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2226-415: The help of the locals, Chastelein was active as a missionary, preaching Christianity to the indigenous Indonesians. To this end, he established a local congregation named De Eerste Protestante Organisatie van Christenen (DEPOC) . In the 1950s, the claim that this acronym led to the modern name for Depok emerged among the community of people from Depok living in the Netherlands. An alternative explanation for

2279-410: The influences experienced by them throughout their history. Foreign influences are visible, such as Portuguese and Chinese influences on their music, and Sundanese, Javanese, and Chinese influences in their dances. Contrary to popular perception, which believes that Betawi culture is currently marginalized and under pressure from the more dominant neighbouring Javanese and Sundanese cultures—Betawi culture

2332-420: The move of Pasar Lama traders), Pasar PAL, Pasar Agung, Pasar Musi, Pasar Cisalak, and Pasar Majapahit. Alun Alun Depok or Depok Square is equipped with various sports facilities such as a basketball court, futsal, skateboard, wall climbing, BMX arena, children's playground, fish pond, fountain, and others. Godongijo Conservation and Education Park is located in Depok. The park provides children and teachers alike

2385-453: The name is that it comes from the Indonesian word padepokan , meaning 'shrine', as the location had been used as a religious retreat before Chastelein's purchase of the land. Before his death on 28 June 1714, Chastelein had written a will that freed the slave families of Depok and gave them pieces of his land, converting slaves into landlords . In 1714, the 12 slave families became landlords (forever as given to them with entitlement deeds of

2438-586: The original Depok families with the exception of the Sadokh family, still live in Indonesia, the Netherlands , Norway , Canada and the United States . In 1871, the colonial government gave Depok a special status allowing the area to form its own government and president. The ruling no longer stood after 1952, where the Depok presidency ceded its control of Depok to the Indonesian government except for

2491-522: The owner Chastelien in his will) and freed men, women, and children. The freed slaves are also referred to as the Mardijker's – the word Merdeka meaning freedom in Bahasa Indonesia. June 28 is designated as Depokse Daag (Depok Day) by the original Depok family, and on 28 June 2014, commemorating 300 years, they formally opened a 3-meter height monument on its own land, but it was prohibited by

2544-478: The south of Batavia e.g. Siringsing (now Serengseng Sawah, South Jakarta ) in 1695, at pole 17 (about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from Batavia), somewhere in the middle of the Batavia- Buitenzorg route. On May 18, 1696, he bought a plot of land with an area of 12.44 square kilometers, at pole 21 (about 32 kilometres (20 miles) from Batavia), between Ciliwung and Pesanggrahan river. There he established

2597-590: The twelve original families had the estate Depok, 1240 ha. great, if he would inherit a communal property and thereby obtain their freedom. And thus it was determined that "released bodies and their descendants would have landed forever and used". The name Chastelein does not exist anymore. The people are now called Castelein or Casteleijn. Betawi people Betawi people , Batavi , or Batavians ( Orang Betawi in Indonesian , meaning "people of Batavia "), are an Austronesian ethnic group native to

2650-529: Was against slavery and he would give slaves in the colonial land their freedom. The church council of Batavia had ruled that slavery is contrary to the Bible, but this provision was valid only for Christians. Because of this, Chastelein converted his slaves to Christianity and made them free people. Their number in the year 1714 – the year that Chastelein died – was estimated about 200. For his estate Depok, Chastelein bought twelve slave families from various parts of

2703-545: Was appointed as Ordinary Member of the Council of Dutch India in November 1708, receiving a monthly allowance of 350 guilders per month. He remained in this position to his death. Cornelis Chastelein was married to Catharina of Quaelborg. She was probably his niece, since her father, Council of India, was married to one Henriëtte Chastelein. They had one son Anthony, while Chastelein's will shows that they have also adopted

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2756-494: Was born of a notable merchant family. He was the youngest member of a family of eight children. His father, Anthony Chastelein, arrived to the Netherlands from France as a huguenot , and a member of the Dutch East India Company . His mother, Maria Cruydenier, was the daughter of the mayor of Dordrecht who served for the Dutch West India Company . On January 24, 1675, 17-years-old Cornelis Chastelein boarded

2809-616: Was dismissed from the Protestant Church of Kampung Sawah and seek refuge in Jakarta Cathedral and adopted Catholicism . The Catholic St. Servatius Church in Kampung Sawah, Bekasi , which traces its origin to the Guru Nathanael community, uses Betawi culture and language in its mass . A practice that is shared by other churches in Kampung Sawah. The culture and art form of the Betawi people demonstrates

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