Misplaced Pages

#867132

31-636: Jedediah Strutt (1726 – 7 May 1797) or Jedidiah Strutt – as he spelled it – was a hosier and cotton spinner from Belper , England. Strutt and his brother-in-law William Woollat developed an attachment to the stocking frame that allowed the production of ribbed stockings. Their machine became known as the Derby Rib machine, and the stockings it produced quickly became popular. He was born in South Normanton near Alfreton in Derbyshire into

62-603: A farming family in 1726. In 1740 he became an apprentice wheelwright in Findern . In 1754 he inherited a small stock of animals from an uncle and married Elizabeth Woolatt in 1755 in Derbyshire . He moved to Blackwell where he had inherited a farm from one of his uncles and, in addition developed a business carrying coal from Denby to Belper and Derby . Strutt's brother-in-law, William Woolatt, employed one Mr. Roper of Locko who had produced an idea for an attachment to

93-403: A key part of the uniforms for sports, allowing players teams to be distinguished when only their legs are clearly visible. Fort Payne , Alabama , is regarded as the "sock capital of the world" due to nearly half of socks manufactured in the early 21st century were made here. The Fort Payne sock industry employed about 7000 workers at its peak around the year 2000. Fort Payne, while still one of

124-437: A kind of thermal sock made from an acrylic, cotton, nylon, and elastic. These are made to improve comfort while at the same time keeping feet cool and dry. However, there is no solid evidence that they are helpful. A sock is also used as a holiday item during Christmas . Children hang a large ceremonial sock called a Christmas stocking by a nail or hook on Christmas Eve, and then their parents fill it with small presents while

155-418: A knee length or mid-calf sock to protect one's legs from being scraped while participating in sport activities. In basketball, tube socks are worn, and in lacrosse, mid-calf socks are required. In football, knee socks are used. They are mostly to stop grass burns. The layer of leather or other material covering the insole of a shoe is also referred to as a sock. When only part of the insole is covered, leaving

186-522: A school's dress code or youth group's uniform. Over-the-knee socks or socks that extend higher (thigh-high socks) are sometimes referred to as female garments in the common era . They were widely worn by children, both boys and girls, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; although, the popularity varied widely from country to country. Knee-high or thigh-high socks are sometimes the object of sexual attraction and underwear fetishism . Liner socks are socks which are worn underneath another sock with

217-566: A successful silk spinning mill using water power. Strutt and Need joined Arkwright in the building of a cotton mill at Cromford , using what was henceforth called Arkwright's water frame . This was the first of its kind in the world, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution . Strutt bought land in 1777 for his first mill in Belper , which at that time was a hamlet of framework knitters and nail makers. In 1781 he bought

248-421: A tight fit. Due to its close fit, most hosiery can be worn as an undergarment, but it is more commonly worn as a combined under/outer garment. Hosiery garments are the product of hosiery fabric produced from hosiery yarn. Like the yarn used for making woven fabric, hosiery yarn comes from a separate spinning (yarn making) process, and is used with circular knitting machines to form fabric. One or more hosiery yarn

279-681: Is a blend between modern Western socks and Japanese tabi, both of which it predates. Like tabi, Egyptian socks have one compartment for the big toe and another for the rest, permitting their use with sandals. Like Western socks, they fit snugly to the foot and do not use fasteners like tabi. Although generally holding to a pattern of being divided into sizes of small-medium-large, etc., what range of shoe sizes those sock sizes correspond to carries in different markets. Some size standards are coordinated by standard-setting bodies but others have arisen from custom. Sock lengths vary, from ankle-high to thigh level. Most sports require some sort of sock, usually

310-607: Is buried in the Unitarian Chapel in Field Row, Belper, which he had built in 1788/9. His final home, Friar Gate House, Derby, is marked with a blue plaque . The house was designed by his son, William Strutt . Hosiery The word hosiery is a morphological derivation of the Anglo Saxon word ''hosa'', which meant a woven garment for the lower body and legs. The first references to hosiery can be found in

341-621: Is derived from the Old English word socc , meaning "light slipper". This comes from the Latin soccus , a term to describe a "light, low-heeled shoe" worn by Roman comic actors, and deriving from the Ancient Greek word sykchos . Socks have evolved over the centuries from the earliest models, which were made from animal skins gathered up and tied around the ankles in the manner of the later Greek and Roman carbatinae shoes. Because

SECTION 10

#1732780682868

372-459: Is used to make knitted or hosiery fabric, and garments produced out of this are generally referred to as hosiery garments. Socks A sock is a piece of clothing worn on the feet and often covering the ankle or some part of the calf . Some types of shoes or boots are typically worn over socks. In ancient times, socks were made from leather or matted animal hair. In the late 16th century, machine-knit socks were first produced. Until

403-414: The stocking frame to knit ribbed stockings. He had made one or two specimens which he showed to his friends, though he lacked the interest (and the capital) to develop his idea. Woolatt conferred with Strutt, who sold a horse and paid Roper £5 for his invention. Strutt and Woolatt turned the device into a viable machine and took out a patent in 1759. Their machine became known as the Derby Rib machine, and

434-445: The 1800s, both hand-made and machine-knit socks were manufactured, with the latter technique becoming more common in the 19th century, and continuing until the modern day. One of the roles of socks is absorbing perspiration. The foot is among the heaviest producers of sweat in the body, it can produce over 0.25 US pints (0.12 L) of perspiration per day; socks help to absorb this sweat and draw it to areas where air can evaporate

465-594: The 2nd century AD, the Romans started sewing the fabrics together making fitted socks called " udones ". By the 5th century AD, socks called " puttees " were worn by holy people in Europe to symbolize purity. During the Middle Ages, the length of trousers was extended and the sock became a tight, brightly colored cloth covering the lower part of the leg. Since socks did not have an elastic band, garters were placed over

496-568: The county. Strutt was the second son of William Strutt of South Normanton and Martha Statham of Handley near Shottle , Derbyshire, England. In 1755, he married Elizabeth Woollatt. They had five children before Elizabeth's death in London in 1774. In 1781, Strutt married again, to Ann Cantrell, the widow of George Daniels of Belper . There were no children from this marriage. Jedediah and Elizabeth's children were: Jedediah died in Derby in 1797 and

527-473: The fact that they typically only keep legs warm in cold weather but not the entire foot. A business sock or dress sock is a term for a dark-colored sock (typically black or navy blue) for formal or casual footwear. It is often loosely referred to as a work sock or a formal sock for formal occasions, for example, weddings, funerals, graduation ceremonies, prom, church, or work. Crew socks are short and thick or thin everyday socks. Those socks are usually ribbed at

558-572: The forepart visible, this is known as a half-sock. Footwraps , pieces of cloth that are worn wrapped around the feet, were worn with boots before socks became widely available. They remained in use by armies in Eastern Europe until the beginning of the 21st century. For use in cold environments, thermal socks are thicker. They are commonly worn for skiing, skating, and other winter sports. They provide not only insulation, but also greater padding due to their thickness. Diabetic socks are

589-522: The intention being to prevent blisters. Toe socks encases each toe individually the same way a finger is encased in a glove , while other socks have one compartment for the big toe and one for the rest, like a mitten ; most notably what Japanese call tabi while other parts of the world simply call it split toe socks . Both of these allow one to wear flip-flops with the socks. Leg warmers , which are not typically socks, may be replaced with socks in cold climates and are similar to leggings due to

620-498: The largest producers of socks, only produces only a quarter of all socks, and has lost that title to Datang, China. The township-level district of Datang in the city of Zhuji in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China , has become known as Sock City. The town currently produces 8 billion pairs of socks each year, a third of the world's sock production, effectively creating two pairs of socks for every person on

651-679: The manufacture of socks was relatively time-consuming in preindustrial times, they were long used only by the rich. The poor wore footwraps , simple cloths wrapped around the feet. These remained in use in Eastern European armies until the end of the 20th century. According to the Greek poet Hesiod , in the 8th century BC, the Ancient Greeks wore socks called " piloi ", which were made from matted animal hair. The Romans also wrapped their feet with leather or woven fabrics. Around

SECTION 20

#1732780682868

682-500: The old forge at Makeney by Milford Bridge from Walter Mather. Belper opened in 1778 and Milford in 1782. For each he built long rows of substantial worker's houses and both are now part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site . In time there would be eight Strutt mills at Belper which would grow to a population of 10,000 by the mid-nineteenth century and be the second largest town in

713-603: The perspiration. They also protect shoes , a more expensive, durable, and frequently reworn foot covering, from perspiration, extending their life. In cold environments, socks made from cotton or wool help warm up cold feet which in turn helps decrease the risk of getting frostbite . Thin socks are most commonly worn in the summer months to keep feet cool. In men's fashion, light-colored socks are typically worn with sports shoes and dark colored socks with dress shoes (often black or navy blue dress socks). Fanciful sock designs are becoming more common. The modern English word sock

744-447: The planet in 2011. Socks are manufactured in a variety of lengths. No show, low cut, and ankle socks extend to the ankle or lower and are often worn casually or for athletic use. No show and low-cut socks are designed to create the look of bare feet when worn with shoes (sock not visible). Knee-high socks are sometimes associated with formal dress or as being part of a uniform, such as in sports (like football and baseball) or as part of

775-412: The process can be silk , bamboo , linen , cashmere , or mohair . Merino wool is a popular fabric choice that offers warmth and comfort to socks, and retains its shape better when blended with other materials. The color variety of socks can be any color that the designers intend to make the sock upon its creation. Sometimes art is also put onto socks to improve their appearance. Colored socks may be

806-570: The recipients are asleep. According to tradition, Santa Claus brings these presents to well-behaved children, while naughty kids instead receive coal. Among Muslims , socks have initiated a discussion about the intricacies of wudhu , the formal washing carried out before prayer. Some Muslim clerics, mindful of possible hardship among Muslims in inhospitable circumstances, have issued Muslim edicts permitting practicing Muslims to wipe water over their sock or sprinkle their sock. This would allow prayer where there are no seating facilities, or if there

837-484: The stockings it produced quickly became popular. Cotton was cheaper than silk and more comfortable than wool but demand was far exceeding supply. Strutt and another spinner, Samuel Need, were introduced to Richard Arkwright who had arrived in Nottingham in about 1768, and set up his spinning frame there using horse-power to run the mill, but this was an unsatisfactory power source. In Derby , John Lombe had built

868-547: The top of the ankles . They can be used in a way to warm legs if pulled all the way up. The first familiar practice of crew socks was in 1948. Crew socks are usually unisex. A low cut sock is a kind of sock that describe in a way to be cut below the ankle . Low cut socks are formed to cover the contours of a person's feet. Although low cut socks are unisex, women and girls commonly use them. Low cut socks are normally worn with shoes such as boat shoes , Oxfords , moccasins and loafers . The Ancient Egyptian style of sock

899-549: The top of the stockings to prevent them from falling down. When breeches became shorter, socks began to get longer (and more expensive). By 1000 AD, socks became a symbol of wealth among the nobility. From the 16th century onwards, an ornamental design on the ankle or side of a sock has been called a "clock". The invention of a knitting machine in 1589 meant that socks could be knitted six times faster than by hand. Nonetheless, knitting machines and hand knitters worked side by side until 1800. The next revolution in sock production

930-462: The works of Hesiod , where Romans are said to have used leather or cloth in forms of strips to cover their lower body parts. Even the Egyptians are speculated to have used hosiery, as socks have been found in certain tombs. Most hosiery garments are made by knitting methods. Modern hosiery is usually tight-fitting by virtue of stretchy fabrics and meshes. Older forms include binding to achieve

961-461: Was the introduction of nylon in 1938. Until then socks were commonly made from silk , cotton and wool . Nylon was the start of blending two or more yarns in the production of socks, a process that still continues today. Socks can be created from a wide variety of materials, such as cotton , wool , nylon , acrylic , polyester , olefins (such as polypropylene ). To get an increased level of softness other materials that might be used during

Jedediah Strutt - Misplaced Pages Continue

#867132