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45-727: The source of the river is located as the Fénix River some kilometers north of the Buenos Aires Lake in the northwestern part of the province at the Andes range. Originally, if then flowed into the lake (and the via Rio Baker into the Pacific). In 1898, a canal was built that turned it into today's Rio Deseado, flowing for 615 kilometres (382 mi) before reaching the Atlantic Coast. On its way southeast, its water

90-467: A US$ 535 million payout for his province following the 1993 privatization of the state-owned oil concern YPF . Earning plaudits for his careful administration of the funds, Kirchner was elected president of Argentina in April 2003, following the withdrawal of Carlos Menem from a runoff which Kirchner was projected to win handily. Presiding over four years of expansion totalling 42% (the best performance for

135-424: A continental-scale graben formed by SWS-ENE normal faults that have resulted in down-dropping the bottom of the lake to 350 meters (1,150 ft) below mean sea level. Preservation of younger lithostratigraphic units within the graben form reverse stratigraphy with older units exposed at higher topographic elevations to the south. The graben channeled mountain glaciers which formed terminal moraine helping to modify

180-642: A documentary drama on the ill-fated 1922 sheep ranch laborers' strike. For this, Gov. Cepernic was imprisoned following the March 1976 coup . The return to democracy in Argentina in 1983 brought new, mostly young leadership to Santa Cruz's elected posts, among them a well-known local country lawyer named Néstor Kirchner , elected that year to the Río Gallegos City Council. Elected mayor in 1987 and governor in 1991, Kirchner helped negotiate

225-482: A new border was drawn between Cerro Murallón and Cerro Daudet . In the 20th century both countries had another dispute over the Del Desierto Lake which was resolved in favor of Argentina in 1994 and had its climax in 1965 when Lieutenant Hernán Merino Correa was killed by Argentine Gendarmerie . The province is generally divided into 2 distinct regions: The Andes in the west and the plateaus in

270-603: A place in Santa Cruz Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Buenos Aires Lake (Argentina) General Carrera Lake (Chilean part, officially renamed in 1959) or Lake Buenos Aires (Argentine part) is a deep lake located in Patagonia and shared by Argentina and Chile . Both names are internationally accepted, while

315-627: A popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Santa Cruz Provincial Police . The province

360-400: A small population and rich in natural resources, has long had one of Argentina's most prosperous economies. Its 2006 output was estimated at US$ 3.3 billion or a per capita income of US$ 16,553. In 2011 Santa Cruz had the highest per capita income of Argentina, US$ 36,550. Its economy, with the possible exception of Neuquen 's, is the country's least diversified, however. Fully half its output

405-641: A surface of 1,850 km (710 sq mi) of which 970 square kilometres (370 sq mi) are in the Chilean Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region , and 880 square kilometres (340 sq mi) in the Argentine Santa Cruz Province , making it the biggest lake in Chile, and the fourth largest in Argentina. In its western basin, Lake Gen. Carrera has 586 m (1,923 ft) maximum depth. The lake occupies

450-400: Is a province of Argentina , located in the southern part of the country, in Patagonia . It borders Chubut Province to the north, and Chile to the west and south, with an Atlantic coast on its east. Santa Cruz is the second-largest province of the country (after Buenos Aires Province ), and the least densely populated in mainland Argentina. The indigenous people of the province are

495-588: Is accounted for by the extractive sector (petroleum, gas and mining), with an annual production of 4.5 million m of petroleum and 3 million m of gas , mainly in the Pico Truncado , Cañadón seco and Cerro Redondo extracting facilities. Cerro Negro mine by Gold Corp. has in recent years contributed to the growth of population of Santa Cruz through its Gold mining operations and subsidies to local public education and private sector. The coal production at Río Turbio , Argentina's only active coal mine,

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540-465: Is of around one million m per year. Mining includes gold ( Cerro Vanguardia Mine ), clay , gypsum , salt and others. The second most important productive activity is that associated with sheep . With 7 million heads, Santa Cruz is the second main producer of wool and meat after the Province of Chubut, most of which is designated for export. Sheep farming revived in 2002 with the devaluation of

585-598: Is tapped for irrigation . Its tributaries include the Pinturas River . The river sometimes disappears under the arid terrain, to re-emerge before reaching Puerto Deseado on Santa Cruz's coastline, where it produces a deep-water natural port. The outlet of the river has become submerged and inundated by sea water, forming an estuary. In 1977, this was set aside as a nature reserve, the Reserva Natural Ría Deseado . This article about

630-635: The Laguna del Carbón is 105 meters below sea level, and is the lowest point in the Western and Southern Hemispheres. On the Atlantic coast, it is characterised by cliffs. The main rivers in the province are the Deseado River ( Spanish : Río Deseado ), Chico River ( Spanish : Río Chico ), Santa Cruz River ( Spanish : Río Santa Cruz ), Coig River ( Spanish : Río Coig ), and

675-608: The Andes , they block most of the incoming frontal systems and as a result, most of the rainfall occurs in the western side of the Andes, in which precipitation rapidly decreases eastward. Much of the province receives less than 200 millimetres (8 in) of precipitation a year while in the Andean region which is under more influence from the Pacific, it can receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39 in). Precipitation mainly falls in

720-529: The Gallegos River ( Spanish : Río Gallegos ). These rivers all originate from the Andes which then drain into the lakes before moving eastwards to empty into the Atlantic Ocean. The Andes block most of the incoming frontal systems and as a result, most of the rainfall occurs in the western side of the mountains, with precipitation rapidly decreasing eastward. As a result, except for

765-618: The National Government of Santa Cruz and the southern part of Chubut Province . This jurisdiction lasted until the abolition of the measures in 1955. The Territory of Santa Cruz acquired province status in 1957. In 1973, voters in Santa Cruz elected Jorge Cepernic , a Peronist . An advocate of labor rights, Gov. Cepernic worked with film maker Osvaldo Bayer to make La Patagonia Rebelde ('"Rebellion in Patagonia"),

810-690: The Pacific Ocean on the west through the Baker River . During the last glaciation the lake drained to the Atlantic through Deseado River . The weather in this area of Chile and Argentina is generally cold and humid. But the lake itself has a sunny microclimate , a weather pattern enjoyed by the few settlements along the lake, such as Puerto Guadal , Fachinal , Mallín Grande, Puerto Murta , Puerto Río Tranquilo, Puerto Sánchez , Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez and Chile Chico in Chile, and Los Antiguos and Perito Moreno in Argentina. The area near

855-718: The Tehuelches , who despite European exploration from the 16th century onwards, retained independence until the late 19th century. Soon after the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, the area was organised as the Territory of Santa Cruz, named after its original capital in Puerto Santa Cruz . The capital moved to Rio Gallegos in 1888 and has remained there ever since. Immigrants from various European countries came to

900-491: The autochthonous name of the lake is Chelenko , which means "stormy waters" in Aonikenk . Another historical name is Coluguape from Mapuche , a derivative of this name is applied to Colhué Huapí Lake after Argentine explorer Francisco Moreno reached this lake in 1876 conflating it with Coluguape (General Carrera Lake). The lake is of glacial origin and is surrounded by the Andes mountain range. The lake drains to

945-551: The Argentine economy since the 1880s), Pres. Kirchner steered record spending into public works (particularly those in his province, as is customary for Argentine presidents). In the Province there is a border dispute with Chile in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field , in 1898 the border was defined and wasn't objected during the 1902 Arbitral award of the Andes which defined most of the border on

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990-482: The almost uninhabited zone; Spanish, Germans , British and Slavs were the most numerous among them. They came mainly to escape the growing conflicts of World War I , and were attracted by the wool industry of the area. The beginning of the war meant a sharp reduction in the amount of exports, bringing a serious economic crisis to Santa Cruz. The ideals of progressivism , brought by the Spanish immigrants, grew among

1035-605: The area with Buenos Aires and Trelew . Some 200 kilometres north of El Calafate is the village of El Chaltén at the feet of the Cerro Torre and Mount Fitz Roy . Still not very developed, El Chaltén serves as a hub for various trekking routes including walks on the Viedma Glacier . 600 kilometres further north of El Chaltén, by the dirt road Ruta 40 , the Cueva de las Manos near the town of Perito Moreno allows

1080-727: The attacks of British privateers , and after the visit of Francis Drake in 1578, the Spaniards sent Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to fortify and map the Strait of Magellan and prevent access to Spanish posts in the Pacific . In the middle of the 18th century, the Jesuits settled in the area, establishing a few missions . When the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was created in 1776,

1125-541: The central part of the Andes. From the centre to the Atlantic coast in the east, the landscape is dominated by plateaus. These plateaus are made up of basalt rock occur in stepped sequences. The plateaus are of different ages with the older –of Neogene and Paleogene age– being located at higher elevations than Pleistocene and Holocene lava plateaus and outcrops. There are isolated pockets of hills and depressions within this region. In Gran Bajo de San Julián ,

1170-554: The centre and east. In the Andes, there are numerous lakes such as Buenos Aires Lake (2,240 km , 881 km in Argentina), Cardiel Lake (460 km ), Viedma Lake (1,082 km ), Argentino Lake (1,560 km ), Pueyrredón Lake , Belgrano Lake and San Martín Lake (1,013 km ). One characteristic of the Andean region is the presence of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field that covers

1215-526: The climate of the province is characterized by strong westerlies , which also enhances evapotranspiration . In general, the southern parts of the province are colder than the north. The mean temperatures for the province are relatively cold for its latitude due to the cold Falkland Current . The extreme northeast coast is by far the mildest area, with annual temperatures around 8 to 9 °C (46.4 to 48.2 °F) with temperatures inland being 1 °C to 2 °C lower. The coldest temperatures are found in

1260-531: The coast of the lake was first inhabited by criollos and European immigrants between 1900 and 1925. In 1971 and 1991, eruptions of the Hudson Volcano severely affected the local economy, especially that of sheep farming. A car ferry operates between Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez and Chile Chico in the Chilean sector of the lake. The lake is known as a trout and salmon fishing destination. The lake has

1305-494: The coastal cities, and take passengers both south to Tierra del Fuego and north to Chubut Province and Buenos Aires . The most visited places are the cities of Río Gallegos , the Bosques Petrificados National Monument petrified forest, and the depression of Laguna del Carbón near Puerto San Julián . The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by

1350-524: The crust in this region of Patagonia. The Marble Caves, Marble Chapel, and Marble Cathedral are unusual geological formations located on the shoreline midway along the lake's length. They represent a group of caverns, columns, and tunnels formed in monoliths of marble. The Marble Caves have been formed by wave action over the last 6,200 years. Santa Cruz Province (Argentina) Santa Cruz Province ( Spanish : Provincia de Santa Cruz , Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈkɾus] , "Holy Cross")

1395-431: The current Province territory. Both experts, Francisco Pascasio Moreno from Argentina and Diego Barros Arana from Chile agreed on the border between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Daudet . However the border started being questioned by Argentina later on which started the dispute between both countries. In 1998 a border redraw is agreed, being pending to this day the part between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallón , however

Deseado River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-558: The estuary of Puerto Deseado. In 1878 the Government of Patagonia was created, with capital in Viedma , but six years later it was split into smaller entities, with the territory declared National Government of Santa Cruz , whose capital was the city of Santa Cruz. In 1901 the capital was moved to its current location at the city of Río Gallegos . At the beginning of the 20th century, a large European immigration began to arrive to

1485-485: The few tourists who venture to this point to see the prehistoric wall paintings in the caves near the Pinturas River . Perito Moreno National Park and its lakes, north of Los Glaciares, are rarely visited. Besides trekking, other sports practised on the west side of the province are sport fishing, rafting and climbing. In the east, the National Route 3 follows the Atlantic coastline, by which buses connect

1530-420: The form of light rain with heavy rain and thunderstorms being rare, with these two only occurring during the summer. In all parts of the province, more precipitation occurs in the winter than in the summer. The prevalent wind directions are from the west, southwest and northwest and together, these occur 60% of the time. Northern parts of the province tend to have more northwest winds than the southern parts of

1575-627: The peso and firmer global demand for wool (led by China and the EU). Still there is little investment in new abattoirs (mainly in Rio Gallegos), and often there are phytosanitary restrictions to the export of sheep meat. Livestock also includes small numbers of cattle , and in lesser numbers pigs and horses. Sea fishing, and its later industrialization at the fishing ports of Puerto Deseado, Puerto San Julián, Puerto Santa Cruz and Río Gallegos produces prawn , squid , hake and dozens of others. Most of

1620-437: The present-day shape of the lake. The tectonic activity that formed the depression can be inferred to subduction of the triple joint that has occurred over the past 20 million years, as indicated by ripple marks in volcaniclastic sediments observed along the southern shoreline. There is some speculation on whether the tectonics and crustal heat flow in the lake area are influenced by the asthenospheric window that exists beneath

1665-509: The production is frozen and exported. There is little agriculture due to the arid nature of the soil. There is a small timber industry fed by both forests and planted trees, of which the wood of the lenga is the most exploited. Santa Cruz's most visited destination is Los Glaciares National Park and a number of glaciers of which the Perito Moreno Glacier is the most famous. Nearby El Calafate has an airport that connects

1710-473: The province except at the highest elevations. Winters are cold throughout the province, with more uniform temperatures than during the summer; July temperatures average 4 °C (39.2 °F) in the North to 2 °C (35.6 °F) in the southern parts. Temperatures can plummet below −20 °C (−4.0 °F) in the interior while at the coast, it infrequently drops below −15 °C (5.0 °F). Owing to

1755-402: The province is dry, the province is relatively cloudy. The percent of cloudy days ranges from 50% in the north to 60% in the south. Average daily sunshine hours range from 6 hours/day in the North to 4 hours/day in the south with the lowest in the coastal areas in the south. According to the 2022 Argentine national census, the Province of Santa Cruz has 333,473 inhabitants. Santa Cruz, with

1800-455: The province. With few landmasses south of 46°S, the province is dominated by strong winds throughout the year. Summers are windier than winters. The strongest winds are found in the Andean region while the weakest are found in the coastal areas. With a mean wind speed of 10 metres per second (33 ft/s), the province is the windiest in Argentina. Gusts can reach up to 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) in some places. Although most of

1845-424: The region was set under the rule of Buenos Aires . Antonio de Biedma founded Nueva Colonia near present Puerto Deseado and Floridablanca not far from Puerto San Julián , both of them shut down later by Viceroy Vertíz. Between 1825 and 1836 there were a series of explorations of the regions, including that of Charles Darwin in 1834. In 1860 commander Luis Piedrabuena established a base on Isla Pavón in

Deseado River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-487: The southern parts of the province with an annual mean of 6 °C (42.8 °F) although in the western parts of the province which are at higher altitudes, the mean can be below 5 °C (41.0 °F) and even below 0 °C (32.0 °F) at the highest elevations. In the summer, mean temperatures range from 16 °C (60.8 °F) in the North to around 12 °C (53.6 °F) in the south. However, temperatures can reach up to 35 °C (95.0 °F) in all parts of

1935-535: The territory in the late 19th and early 20th century during a gold rush . Santa Cruz became a province of Argentina in 1957. The Tehuelches inhabited these lands before the arrivals of the Spanish colonisation . In 1520 Ferdinand Magellan arrived to what is currently known as San Julián Bay . 15 years later Martín de Alcazaba explored the area near the Chico River, which he named Gallegos River . Because of

1980-499: The westernmost parts of the province where precipitation is abundant and under more influence from the Pacific, much of the province is dry. Unlike the Northern Hemisphere where there are large land masses to allow cold temperatures, cold fronts , which usually originate from the southwest and move northeast are moderated by the Pacific Ocean , resulting in less intense cold temperatures. Similar to much of Patagonia ,

2025-526: The workers who, working in Santa Cruz's harsh environment under often sub-human conditions, decided to strike in 1922. The strike was severely and harshly repressed by the government, culminating in the events of the Patagonia Trágica ("Tragic Patagonia"), the execution of dozens of strikers. In 1944, the Military zone of Comodoro Rivadavia was created, which encompassed the northern part of

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