56-898: Dhulikhel is a municipality in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal. Two major highways, the B.P. Highway and the Araniko Highway pass through Dhulikhel. Araniko Highway connects Kathmandu , Nepal's capital city with Tibet 's border town of Kodari . Dhulikhel is located at the Eastern rim of Kathmandu Valley , south of the Himalayas at 1550m above sea level and is situated 30 km southeast of Kathmandu and 74 km southwest of Kodari. The Majority of people in Dhulikhel are Newars , and Brahmin , Chhettri , Tamang and Dalit are also living in outer area of
112-643: A dialect of a Bengali . Hoernlé initially treated it as a dialect of Eastern Hindi , but after comparing it with the Gaudian languages, recognised that it shows more similarities with the Bengali language than with Hindi . Grierson recognised it as a distinct language, grouped under ' Bihari ' and published its first grammar in 1881. Chatterji grouped Maithili with the Magadhi Prakrit . Maithili varies greatly in dialects. The name Maithili
168-585: A few Buddhist Stupa. In the centre of the old town is the Narayan Temple with its yellow metal roofs. It is dedicated to Lord Krishna whose birthday is celebrated in August. Alongside is the Harisiddhi Temple. Both the temples are adorned with profuse wood carvings and fronted by two Garudas. Bhagwati Temple is situated at the top of the western part of the town. The GaukhureshworMahadev Temple
224-554: A great Military Scholar Kameshvar Jha, a Maithil Brahmin of the Oinwar dynasty . But the disturbed era did not produce any literature in Maithili until Vidyapati Thakur (1360 to 1450), who was an epoch-making poet under the patronage of king Shiva Singh and his queen Lakhima Devi. He produced over 1,000 immortal songs in Maithili on the theme of love of Radha and Krishna and the domestic life of Shiva and Parvati as well as on
280-656: A half day. A longer walking route includes trail to Nagarkot and Namobuddha. The Municipality also forms one of the points for Mountain Biking with challenging terrains as well as the site of people with rich ethnic culture and the scenery of mountain ranges along the way. Routes include Dhulikhel-Panauti, Dhulikhel-Khopasi, Dhulikhel-Palanchowk-Dhulikhel, Dhulikhel-Namobuddha-Dhulikhel. One can also do activities like bird and butterfly watching from various points in Dhulikhel Municipality. Hazaar Sindhi stands out as
336-416: A medieval city inhabited for at least five centuries. The plan of the city is based on ancient Hindu planning doctrine with the position, shape, scale & dominance between buildings, temples, public squares all having their own meaning and harmony. There are organically developed compact settlements around Dhulikhel. One of such old settlements is Shreekhandpur, which lies 2 km west of the core city near
392-773: A nasal consonant. Word finally and postvocalically, /ɖʱ/ surfaces as [ɽʱ~rʱ] . Non-initially, both are interchangeable with [ɽ~ɾ] and [ɽʱ~rʱ] respectively. /s/ and /ɦ/ are most common fricatives. They show full phonological opposition. [ɕ] , which is present in tatsama words, is replaced by /s/ most of the times, when independent, and prevocalic [ʂ] is replaced by /kʰ/ , [x] or /s/ . [ɕ] occurs before /tɕ/ and [ʂ] before /ʈ/ . [x] and [f] occurs in Perso-Arabic loanwords, generally replaced by /kʰ/ and /pʰ/ respectively. [x] and [ɸ] also occurs in Sanskrit words ( jihvamuliya and upadhmaniya ), which
448-960: A population of 34,142. Of these, 58.6% spoke Nepali , 22.9% Tamang , 17.0% Newar , 0.3% Magar , 0.3% Maithili , 0.2% Rai , 0.1% Bhojpuri , 0.1% Hindi , 0.1% Sunuwar , 0.1% Thangmi , 0.1% Tharu and 0.1% other languages as their first language. In terms of ethnicity/caste, 26.7% were Hill Brahmin , 23.4% Tamang , 19.1% Newar , 16.3% Chhetri , 2.9% Sarki , 2.7% Magar , 2.0% Kami , 1.3% Damai /Dholi, 1.3% Thakuri , 0.9% Gharti/ Bhujel , 0.6% other Dalit , 0.5% Rai , 0.5% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Gurung , 0.2% Thami , 0.2% Tharu , 0.1% Hajam /Thakur, 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% Musalman , 0.1% Pahari , 0.1% Sunuwar , 0.1% Yadav and 0.3% others. In terms of religion, 74.8% were Hindu , 21.6% Buddhist , 3.2% Christian , 0.1% Muslim and 0.3% others. In terms of literacy, 74.9% could read and write, 2.2% could only read and 22.9% could neither read nor write. Dhulikhel Municipality has plenty education institutes, including
504-654: A recognised Indian language , which allows it to be used in education, government, and other official contexts in India. The Maithili language is included as an optional paper in the UPSC Exam. In March 2018, Maithili received the second official language status in the Indian state of Jharkhand . Gopal Jee Thakur of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the first Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha who speaks in
560-408: A tourist destination. Dhulikhel is an ideal station to stop for overnight stay while going to Tibet and coming back to Kathmandu. The snowfed mountains seen from Dhuklikhel are a fine panoramic. When a blue haze covers the lower portion of the mountains, they seem to be floating in the air. Green inviting hills of which still virgin and some turned into beautifully carved agricultural terraces cater to
616-486: A treat for tourists especially in the summer season. As per the figures of Central Bureau of Statistics Total population of Dhulikhel Municipality is 33,981 with 16,675 male and 17306 female. The population density is 582 per km. with an average growth rate of 0.65. There are 7039 Households with average size of 4.5. Dhulikhel Municipality boasts as a major touristic destination with attractions that range from natural scenario to cultural and historical elements. One can view
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#1732787498564672-427: A university, Kathmandu University . The number of basic education schools are 24 and 6 as run by Government and Private Institutions while Secondary Schools number are 11 and 8 respectively. There is also a school run by Monastery in the municipality. Altogether, there are 50 schools in the area. Like the national statistics in favor of literacy rate of men, Dhulikhel Municipality has 85.63% literate male population while
728-758: Is a Community radio Station. List of cities in Nepal Cities and towns in Nepal are incorporated under municipality . A municipality in Nepal is a sub-unit of a district. The Government of Nepal has set-out a minimum criteria for municipalities. These criteria include a certain population, infrastructure and revenues. Presently, there are 293 municipalities in Nepal among which 6 are metropolis, 11 are sub-metropolis and 276 are municipal councils. Other than that there are 460 rural municipalities totaling 753 local level government within Nepal. Kathmandu ,
784-462: Is derived from the word Mithila , an ancient kingdom of which King Janaka was the ruler (see Ramayana ). Maithili is also one of the names of Sita , the wife of King Rama and daughter of King Janaka . Scholars in Mithila used Sanskrit for their literary work and Maithili was the language of the common folk ( Abahattha ). The beginning of Maithili language and literature can be traced back to
840-517: Is followed by a homorganic stop always. It is the only nasal which does not occur independently. There are four non-syllabic vowels in Maithili- i̯, u̯, e̯, o̯ written in Devanagari as य़, व़, य़ॆ, व़ॊ. Most of the times, these are written without nukta. An example declension: ən, ənɪ̆ ən, ənɪ̆ (Indefinite) ənʰɪ̆ ətəh ãːk ãː ən, ənɪ̆ The difference between adjectives and nouns
896-606: Is mainly spoken in Darbhanga , Tirhut , Kosi , Purnia , Bhagalpur and Munger divisions of Bihar & in Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand . In Nepal, Maithili is spoken in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province . Darbhanga , Madhubani , Saharsa , Purnia & Janakpur constitutes important cultural and linguistic centers of Maithili language. In 1870s, Beames considered Maithili
952-468: Is on the east of the town near Tundikhel Recreation Park. Further up hill, is located the Bhagwati (Kali) Temple, which is a pagoda. Other monuments in dhulikhel are sarswoti temple, dakshinkali, huge statue of lord buddha, bhimsen, balkumari, lankhana mai, tepucha madya, bhairabh nath, bajrayogini, etc. To promote local culture Dhulikhel has one FM radio station Radio Madhyapurba F.M. – 104 MHz Which
1008-605: Is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . It is the second most commonly spoken language of Nepal. It is also one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal . The language is predominantly written in Devanagari , but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retained some use until today. In 2003, Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as
1064-410: Is peculiar to Maithili. /m/ and /n/ are present in all phonological positions. /ŋ/ occurs only non-initially and is followed by a homorganic stop, which may be deleted if voiced, which leads to the independent presence of /ŋ/ . /ɳ/ occurs non-initially, followed by a homorganic stop, and is independent only in tatsama words, which is often replaced with /n/ . [ɲ] occurs only non-initially and
1120-479: Is recently taking place in Maithili by way of epenthesis , i.e. backward transposition of final /i/ and /u/ in all sort of words. Thus: Standard Colloquial - Common Pronunciation Maithili has four classes of stops , one class of affricate , which is generally treated as a stop series, related nasals , fricatives and approximant . There are four series of stops- bilabials , coronals , retroflex and velar , along with an affricate series. All of them show
1176-464: Is the country capital. Maithili language Maithili ( / ˈ m aɪ t ɪ l i / MY -til-ee , Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː] ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal . It is native to the Mithila region , which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as the Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces . It
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#17327874985641232-518: Is the earlier form of the present Nepal Bhasha name Dhau_khyo. Dhali or Dhau means yogurt and Khela or Khyo means field in Nepala Bhasha. It is said to have come from the Lichchhi name Dhawalasrotapura. Dhulikhel was the eastern border of ancient Nepal Mandala , and it was one of the territories of Bhaktapur kingdom. Dhulikhel was among the last places to be annexed to the country Gorkha that
1288-702: Is the largest municipality followed by Birendranagar with a population of 154,886. In terms of area, Sitganga is the largest municipality with an area of 610.43 square kilometres (235.69 sq mi). Along with other major criteria as mentioned in Local Governance Act 2017 of Nepal, the number of population to be considered as the municipality: the minimum population in mountainous district should be 10,000 while hilly districts, inner terai districts, terai districts, and Kathmandu valley should include forty thousand, fifty thousand, seventy thousand and one hundred thousand respectively. For sub-metropolitan,
1344-407: Is very minute in Maithili. However, there are marked adjectives there in Maithili. Pronouns in Maithili are declined in similar way to nominals, though in most pronouns the genitive case has a different form. The lower forms below are accusative and postpositional. The plurals are formed periphrastically. अपना ɐpᵊnaː (Inclusive) अपना ɐpᵊnaː (Inclusive) Beginning in the 14th century, the language
1400-551: The Kathmandu University , and is also a centuries-old Newari and Magar settlement. The settlement is protected by Swet Bhairav (an incarnation of Lord Shiva) and Narayan (Vishnu) deities. Gorkhanath temple also lies here. There are numerous temples in the town depicting traditional and old Newari craftsmanship. These are places of worship for local people. The core area of Dhulikhel has interesting narrow cobbled streets and lanes embedded with number of Hindu Shrines and
1456-531: The Maithil Brahmin and Karna Kayastha castes. Maithil Mahasabha campaigned for the official recognition of Maithili as a regional language. Calcutta University recognised Maithili in 1917, and other universities followed suit. Babu Bhola Lal Das wrote Maithili Grammar ( Maithili Vyakaran ). He edited a book Gadya Kusumanjali and edited a journal Maithili . In 1965, Maithili was officially accepted by Sahitya Academy , an organisation dedicated to
1512-593: The ' Charyapadas ', a form of Buddhist mystical verses, composed during the period of 700-1300 AD. These padas were written in Sandhya bhasa by several Siddhas who belonged to Vajrayana Buddhism and were scattered throughout the territory of Assam , Bengal , Bihar and Odisha . Several of the Siddhas were from the Mithila region such as Kanhapa, Sarhapa etc. Prominent scholars like Rahul Sankrityanan , Subhadra Jha and Jayakant Mishra provided evidence and proved that
1568-581: The 14th century (around 1327 AD). Jyotirishwar Thakur (1280–1340) wrote a unique work Varnaratnākara in Maithili prose. The Varna Ratnākara is the earliest known prose text, written by Jyotirishwar Thakur in Mithilaksar script , and is the first prose work not only in Maithili but in any modern Indian language. In 1324, Ghyasuddin Tughluq, the emperor of Delhi invaded Mithila, defeated Harisimhadeva , entrusted Mithila to his family priest and
1624-523: The Himalayan range at an 180 panoramic view of mountains including Mt. Annapurna , Mt. Ganesh Himal , Mt. Langtang, Mt. Phuribichyachu, Mt. Gaurishankar, Mt. Lhotse among others. Other natural attractions include locations like Tundikhel plus cultural and religious sites like Bhagawati, Kalidevi, Gita Mandir, Gaukhureshwor. The name Dhulikhel is coming from the Nepal Bhasha word Dhali_khela, which
1680-771: The Maithili language in the Parliament of India . He is currently the MP for Darbhanga . The Nepalese Languages Commission has made Maithili an official Nepalese language used for administration in Koshi province and Madhesh Province . On 26 November 2024, during the occasion of the Constitution Day , Maithili version of the Indian constitution was launched by the President of India Droupadi Murmu . In India, it
1736-453: The background and passes showcases a number of cultural highlights and rich biodiversity. Visits to hill stations like Chisapani, Nagarkot along with Dhulikhel will be less challenging than going to himalayas routes but with equal thrill and rewards. Dhulikhel municipality is one of the starting or the middle points for hiking routes. These include walks to Panauti, Kavre village, Opi village as well as to Hazaar Sindhi all of which take as long as
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1792-444: The battle ended and Dhulikhel was won on B.S. 1820 Kartik 10 on Sunday. The next day, Khadpu and Panauti were conquered whereas on Kartik 14 Gorkhalis won Banepa, Sanga and Nala. Until B.S. 1972, administrative center of Kavrepalanchok was at Chautara . Then, it shifted to Banepa until B.S. 1980 after which it subsequently shifted to Dhulikhel which stands till date. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census , Dhulikhel Municipality had
1848-586: The beholders' pleasure. Geographically, the plains rise gradually up to the green mountains and further into the snow-capped Himalayas. The panorama offers a view of the Himalayan ranges stretching from Mount Annapurna in the far west to Mount Karolung in the Far East. More than twenty Himalayan peaks including Mt. Annapurna (8091 m), Mt. Ganesh Himal (7429 m), Mt. Langtang (7234 m), Mt. Phuribichyachu (6637 m), Mt. Gaurishanker (7134 m), Mt. Lhotse (8516 m) and many others can be seen from Dhulikhel. The oldest area of
1904-420: The capital, is also the largest city. In terms of area, Pokhara is the largest metropolitan city covering a subtotal of 464.28 km while Lalitpur is the smallest, with an area of 36.12 km . Ghorahi is the largest sub-metropolitan city with an area of 522.21 km where as Dhangadhi is the largest sub-metropolitan city by a population of 204,788. Budhanilkantha with a population of 179,688
1960-509: The conduction of financial transactions, there are 7 Banks, including all categories of Financial Institutions. The Banks include Nabil Bank, Banijya Bank, Agriculture Bank, Century Bank, Civil Bank, Dev Development Bank and Naya Nepal laghubittya bikas Bank. Dhulikhel Municipality is a major part of the Kathmandu Valley Cultural Trekking Trail. This five-day trail provides a short trek with himalayas in
2016-644: The courts of the nobles. Lochana (c. 1575 – c. 1660) wrote Rāgatarangni , a significant treatise on the science of music, describing the rāgas, tālas, and lyrics prevalent in Mithila. During the Malla dynasty 's rule Maithili spread far and wide throughout Nepal from the 16th to the 17th century. During this period, at least seventy Maithili dramas were produced. In the drama Harishchandranrityam by Siddhinarayanadeva (1620–57), some characters speak pure colloquial Maithili, while others speak Bengali , Sanskrit or Prakrit . One notable Malla King who patronised Maithili
2072-415: The four way contrast like most of the modern Indo-Aryan languages : Apart from the retroflex series, all the rest four series show full phonological contrast in all positions. The retroflex tenius /ʈ/ and /ʈʰ/ show full contrast in all positions. /ɖ/ and /ɖʱ/ show phonological contrast mainly word-initially. Both are defective phonemes, occurring intervocalically and word finally only if preceded by
2128-406: The greatest Hindu festival. They use to purchase chilies and other daily necessities in Nepal and return to their homeland. In those days, a whole day walk from Kathmandu to Dhulikhel was comfortable for Tibet trippers with easily available of food and water at Dhulikhel at the evening for overnight stay. After adjoining with Tibet by motorable road in 1965, Dhulikhel got a face lift and developed as
2184-409: The language of Charyapada is ancient Maithili or proto Maithili. Apart from Charyapadas, there has been a rich tradition of folk culture, folk songs and which were popular among the common folks of the Mithila region. After the fall of Pala rule, disappearance of Buddhism , establishment of Karnāta kings and patronage of Maithili under Harisimhadeva (1226–1324) of Karnāta dynasty dates back to
2240-483: The need of 5.28% population while the remaining 4.41% use electricity for the cooking purpose. The number of households using improved cooking stoves (ICS) is 1645 (23.37%). This has helped reduce the carbon emission while making the use of the resources efficiently. There are 4 FM Radios based in Dhulikhel Municipality with a few more frequency also received in the area. The FM in Dhulikhel include Radio Namobuddha, Radio Madhyepurba, Grace FM, and Radio Sheferd. Regarding
2296-463: The other two, and has since remained the dominant script for Maithili. Tirhuta retained some specific uses (on signage in north Bihar as well as in religious texts, genealogical records and letters), and has seen a resurgence of interest in the 21st century. The Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts are both currently included in Unicode. The following sample text is Maithili translation of Article 1 of
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2352-434: The people of vicinity and they started fleeing their homes. Just fifty households remained back in Dhulikhel. Despite this, Mahindra Sing Rai fought valiantly. Prithivi Narayan Shah was frustrated to see yet another defeat when one soldier stabbed Mahindra Sing in the back and roped spear. He died on the spot. His brother, Naamsing also was stabbed with khukuri (cited by Somdhwoj Bista, Shahi sainik Itihaas: 36). In this way,
2408-518: The place, including Thulochaur Kavre, and Gosaikunda forest in the vicinity areas there as many as 72 species of birds (60% residents and 35% migratory) can be sighted. Dhulikhel has been for centuries an important trading centre on the commercial route linking Nepal to Tibet . Since time immemorial, people of Nepal travel to Tibet to bring home salt and gold. Likewise, the Tibetans every year with their flocks of sheep enter into Nepal during Dashain ,
2464-467: The population should be two hundred thousand, and it should be five hundred thousand for metropolitan. The list includes the cities and not urban agglomerations . Classification: The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration has classified the local units into four grades based on infrastructure and social development. The cities listed in bold are the capitals of their respective provinces of Nepal while that in bold and italic
2520-588: The promotion of Indian literature . In 2002, Maithili was recognised on the VIII schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language; Maithili is now one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India . The publishing of Maithili books in Mithilakshar script was started by Acharya Ramlochan Saran . The following diphthongs are present: A peculiar type of phonetic change
2576-503: The pseudonym Bhanusimha . Vidyapati influenced the religious literature of Asama , Bengal , Utkala and gave birth to a new Brajabuli / Brajavali language. The earliest reference to Maithili or Tirhutiya is in Amaduzzi's preface to Beligatti's Alphabetum Brammhanicum , published in 1771. This contains a list of Indian languages among which is 'Tourutiana.' Colebrooke's essay on the Sanskrit and Prakrit languages, written in 1801,
2632-528: The residents of the municipality have access to pipeline water supply, a figure slightly better than the national average of 80%. Among the total households 64.23% (4522 HHs) are equipped with toilet while the remaining 35.76% (2518 HHs). Residents of Dhulikhel Municipality use a number of sources of fuel for cooking, with traditional source, i.e., Firewood forming the largest chunk, 60.47%. Next are other non-renewable sources of fuel, Kerosene and LP Gas, constituting to 29.84%. Guitha, locally made produce, addresses
2688-455: The same rate is 65.77% for female, making up for a total literacy rate of 75.26%. School enrollment rate of 99% sees slightly higher rate than the national average of 96%. Of the total 37 early childhood education based establishments, 33 are school based while 4 are community based. Dhulikhel Municipality has one hospital – Dhulikhel Hospital. In addition, there is a Primary Health Center, 6 Health Posts including 3 Urban Health Posts. 81.4% of
2744-486: The subject of suffering of migrant labourers of Morang and their families; besides, he wrote a number of treaties in Sanskrit . His love-songs spread far and wide in no time and enchanted saints , poets and youth . Chaitanya Mahaprabhu saw the divine light of love behind these songs, and soon these songs became themes of Vaisnava sect of Bengal . Rabindranath Tagore , out of curiosity, imitated these songs under
2800-411: The town, the southern end, is an assembly of old Newari houses, often occupied by 20 or more members of the local extended families. Their most valuable assets are the beautifully carved windows and doors, fine examples of traditional Newari craftsmanship. The old town is made up of four toles called wotole(वटोल), etole (ईटोल), dutole (दुटोल), chochhe tole (चोच्छे टोल ). The narrow streets, are typical of
2856-593: The town. Drinking water in Dhulikhel is some of the best water in Nepal. It was made with the help of the German NGO German Technical Cooperation . Located 30 km to the east of Kathmandu valley, Dhulikhel Municipality was established on 2043/11/05 constituting 9 wards. At present, with the expansion of area, the municipality consists of 12 wards covering a total of 54.62 km. Dhulikhel Municipality receives an annual rainfall of 1500mm. The average temperature of 20 C makes it
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#17327874985642912-526: Was Bhupatindra Malla who composed 26 plays in the Maithili language during his lifetime. After the demise of Maheshwar Singh, the ruler of Darbhanga Raj , in 1860, the Raj was taken over by the British Government as regent. The Darbhanga Raj returned to his successor, Maharaj Lakshmishvar Singh , in 1898. The Zamindari Raj had a lackadaisical approach toward Maithili. The use of Maithili language
2968-533: Was being expanded by Prithvi Narayan Shah . Yogi Narharinath , in Itihas Prakash writes about the difficulty Prithvi Narayan Shah faced in conquering Dhulikhel. He writes: "Prithvi Narayan Shah found it difficult to capture Dhulikhel. He got scared by the bravery of the locals. Being unable to conquer the place despite fighting for six months, he installed a fort in the hill above side. Staying there, he gave training and organized numerous forces. This scared
3024-405: Was revived through personal efforts of MM Parameshvar Mishra, Chanda Jha, Munshi Raghunandan Das and others. Publication of Maithil Hita Sadhana (1905), Mithila Moda (1906), and Mithila Mihir (1908) further encouraged writers. The first social organisation, Maithil Mahasabha, was established in 1910 for the development of Mithila and Maithili. It blocked its membership for people outside of
3080-416: Was the first to describe Maithili as a distinct dialect. Many devotional songs were written by Vaisnava saints, including in the mid-17th century, Vidyapati and Govindadas. Mapati Upadhyaya wrote a drama titled Pārijātaharaṇa in Maithili. Professional troupes, mostly from dalit classes known as Kirtanias , the singers of bhajan or devotional songs, started to perform this drama in public gatherings and
3136-600: Was written in the Tirhuta script (also known as Mithilakshara or Maithili), which is related to the Bengali-Assamese script . By the early 20th century, this script was largely associated with the Mithila Brahmans, with most others using Kaithi , and Devanagari spreading under the influence of the scholars at Banaras . Throughout the course of the century, Devanagari grew in use eventually replacing
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