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86-615: The Diamniadio Lake City is part of President Macky Sall 's plan to rebuild the city of Diamniadio and revitalize economy of Senegal. The project was approved in 2013 after Macky Sall became the President of Senegal in 2012. The development of the new city is taking place around 30 km from Dakar and it is close to the Blaise Diagne International Airport . The airport opened in December 2017. Although

172-509: A base year. The result would be that the GDP in 2000 equals $ 300 million × 1 ⁄ 2 = $ 150 million , in 1990 monetary terms. We would see that the country's GDP had realistically increased 50 percent over that period, not 200 percent, as it might appear from the raw GDP data. The GDP adjusted for changes in money value in this way is called the real GDP . The factor used to convert GDP from current to constant values in this way

258-609: A close associate of Wade, as an advisor. In 2010, a poll indicated that he was the frontrunner for the presidency in Dakar and its environs. In the 2012 Presidential elections, Sall ran as the candidate of the "Macky 2012" coalition, with the slogan, "The Path of Real Development" ("Yoonu Yookuté" in Wolof ). He campaigned across the country, without cutting off ties with the "23 Juin" (M23) opposition movement, which protested against Wade in Dakar calling for him to be barred from running for

344-477: A council seat in Dakar in the local elections and Macky Sall appointed one of his advisors, Mohammed Dionne as prime minister. Peace in the Casamance region was a top priority for Sall. The Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) had been pursuing the cause of separatism for Casamance, a small region in the south of the country dominated by Christians from the minority Jola ethnic group, since

430-518: A country becomes increasingly in debt, and spends large amounts of income servicing this debt this will be reflected in a decreased GNI but not a decreased GDP. Similarly, if a country sells off its resources to entities outside their country this will also be reflected over time in decreased GNI, but not decreased GDP. This would make the use of GDP more attractive for politicians in countries with increasing national debt and decreasing assets. Gross national income (GNI) equals GDP plus income receipts from

516-521: A country's borders, but by an enterprise owned by somebody outside the country, counts as part of its GDP but not its GNI; on the other hand, production by an enterprise located outside the country, but owned by one of its citizens, counts as part of its GNI but not its GDP. For example, the GNI of the US is the value of output produced by American-owned firms, regardless of where the firms are located. Similarly, if

602-650: A country's citizens at home and abroad rather than its "resident institutional units" (see OECD definition above). The switch from GNP to GDP in the United States occurred in 1991. The role that measurements of GDP played in World War II was crucial to the subsequent political acceptance of GDP values as indicators of national development and progress. A crucial role was played here by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Milton Gilbert where ideas from Kuznets were embedded into institutions . The history of

688-406: A country's production has increased (or decreased, if the growth rate is negative) compared to the previous year, typically expressed as percentage change . The economic growth can be expressed as real GDP growth rate or real GDP per capita growth rate . GDP can be adjusted for population growth, also called Per-capita GDP or GDP per person . This measures the average production of a person in

774-766: A hearing in the National Assembly regarding construction sites in Dakar for the OIC Summit planned to take place there in March 2008. This was perceived as an attempt by Sall to weaken Karim's position and possibly influence the eventual presidential succession in favor of himself, provoking the enmity of Wade and his loyalists within the PDS. In November 2007, the PDS Steering Committee abolished Sall's position of Deputy Secretary-General, which had been

860-480: A new airport and town near Dakar, highways, express trains, a national stadium, and a road link to Mali, were completed. Throughout his tenure, there was a steady growth in the country's economy, with the annual GDP increasing from $ 17 billion to $ 27 billion. Internationally, he earned praise for his diplomatic efforts, advocating for African debt cancellation, bolstering anti-terrorism measures, and condemning military coups. He also contributed to resolving conflicts in

946-474: A new timetable for the elections. He also expressed his willingness to release Ousmane Sonko and his supporters as an act of good faith. His proposal for a dialogue was rejected on 23 February by the Aar Sunu Election (Protect Our Election) collective composed of 40 civil society groups, which called it "unacceptable" and an "attempt at diversion". On 6 March, the government set the first round of

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1032-478: A third term. The initial result of 26 February 2012 election saw Sall obtain 26.5% of the vote against Wade's 34.8%, forcing a runoff. In the runoff, Sall convinced all the eliminated candidates and disqualified candidate Youssou N'Dour to support him, forming a coalition named "Benno Bokk Yakkar" (Wolof for "United in the Same Hope"). He achieved this by promising to return to five-year presidential terms from

1118-467: Is US$ 5,040,107.75 (in a million). Predictably, as a developed country, Japan has a higher GNI (by 182,779.46, in millions of USD), which is indicative that the production level in the country is higher than that of national production. On the other hand, the case with Armenia is the opposite, with GDP being lower than GNI by US$ 196.12 (in million). This demonstrates that countries receive investments and foreign aid from abroad. The Total income divided by

1204-519: Is a LEED certified project. The time frame for building the new city is 10 years, as per the memorandum of understanding with the Senegalese government. The city will have several financial, transport, and educational hubs. The township as a whole, Diamniadio will be developed by 2035. The project promoter Semer Investment led by its CEO Mr Diene Marcel Diagne said the project will be built in phases with completion within 10 years. The new city

1290-540: Is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic health of a country or region. Several national and international economic organizations maintain definitions of GDP, such as the OECD and the International Monetary Fund . The ratio of GDP to

1376-602: Is a Senegalese politician who served as the fourth president of Senegal from 2012 to 2024. He previously served as the eighth prime minister from 2004 to 2007, under President Abdoulaye Wade and president of the National Assembly from 2007 to 2008. Sall served as the Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 and held that post again from 2009 to 2012. He was a long-time member of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict with Wade, he

1462-425: Is also sometimes expressed as: The third way to estimate GDP is to calculate the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers' prices. Market goods that are produced are purchased by someone. In the case where a good is produced and unsold, the standard accounting convention is that the producer has bought the good from themselves. Therefore, measuring

1548-838: Is calculated this way it is sometimes called gross domestic income (GDI), or GDP (I). GDI should provide the same amount as the expenditure method described later. By definition, GDI is equal to GDP. In practice, however, measurement errors will make the two figures slightly off when reported by national statistical agencies. This method measures GDP by adding incomes that firms pay households for factors of production they hire – wages for labour, interest for capital, rent for land and profits for entrepreneurship. The US "National Income and Product Accounts" divide incomes into five categories: These five income components sum to net domestic income at factor cost. Two adjustments must be made to get GDP: Total income can be subdivided according to various schemes, leading to various formulae for GDP measured by

1634-474: Is called the GDP deflator . Unlike consumer price index , which measures inflation or deflation in the price of household consumer goods, the GDP deflator measures changes in the prices of all domestically produced goods and services in an economy including investment goods and government services, as well as household consumption goods. Real GDP can be used to calculate the GDP growth rate, which indicates how much

1720-599: Is connected to Dakar through a 32 km express highway, which was projected to reduce the travel time from 90 minutes to an average of 30 minutes. The toll highway was opened in 2015, and extended to the Blaise Diagne International Airport in 2017. The Train Express Regional (TER), Senegal's first new railway since independence, is being built in two phases. The first phase, comprising 14 stations between Dakar and Diamniadio,

1806-423: Is contributed at each stage of production. This approach mirrors the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) definition given above. Gross value added = gross value of output – value of intermediate consumption. Value of output = value of the total sales of goods and services plus the value of changes in the inventory. The sum of the gross value added in the various economic activities

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1892-404: Is known as "GDP at factor cost". GDP at factor cost plus indirect taxes less subsidies on products = "GDP at producer price". For measuring the output of domestic product, economic activities (i.e. industries) are classified into various sectors. After classifying economic activities, the output of each sector is calculated by any of the following two methods: The value of output of all sectors

1978-585: Is led by its CEO Diene Marcel Diagne , a Senegalese entrepreneur. The developers are working with the Senegalese government and other companies for a successful completion. The project is estimated to cost $ 2 billion and will extend over an area of 1644 hectares. The Diamniadio Lake City will contain residential areas and business districts to accommodate hotels, fashion centers, Abdou Diouf International conference area, Dakar Arena for sports, research centers, exposition center, government ministries, universities, and other entertainment areas. The Diamniadio Lake City

2064-587: Is that GDP defines its scope according to location, while GNI defines its scope according to ownership. In a global context, world GDP and world GNI are, therefore, equivalent terms. GDP is a product produced within a country's borders; GNI is product produced by enterprises owned by a country's citizens. The two would be the same if all of the productive enterprises in a country were owned by its own citizens and those citizens did not own productive enterprises in any other countries. In practice, however, foreign ownership makes GDP and GNI non-identical. Production within

2150-453: Is then added to get the gross value of output at factor cost. Subtracting each sector's intermediate consumption from gross output value gives the GVA (=GDP) at factor cost. Adding indirect tax minus subsidies to GVA (GDP) at factor cost gives the "GVA (GDP) at producer prices". The second way of estimating GDP is to use "the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units". If GDP

2236-617: The Human Development Index or Better Life Index , as better approaches to measuring the effect of the economy on human development and well being . William Petty came up with a concept of GDP, to calculate the tax burden , and argue landlords were unfairly taxed during warfare between the Dutch and the English between 1652 and 1674. Charles Davenant developed the method further in 1695. The modern concept of GDP

2322-768: The United States–Africa Leaders Summit 2022 in Washington, D.C. and met with US President Joe Biden . In July 2023, he attended the Russia–Africa Summit in Saint Petersburg. On 3 February, hours before campaigning was about to start, President Sall ordered the indefinite postponement of the election, citing a parliamentary investigation into two judges of the Constitutional Court over their integrity with regards to

2408-452: The price of oil , rice and sugar. Retirement pensions were revalued, farmers received emergency subsidies, and the 29 permits issued to foreign deep sea trawlers by the preceding government were annulled. In advance of the new school year, national conferences on education were scheduled. In the foreign policy sphere, Sall charged foreign minister Alioune Badara Cissé with renewing Senegal's traditional links with Morocco , Mauritania and

2494-522: The 1970s. On 1 May 2014, one of the leaders of the MFDC, Salif Sadio , sued for peace and declared a unilateral cease-fire after secret talks held at the Vatican between his forces and Sall. In January 2016, Sall supported proposed constitutional reforms that would limit any president to two consecutive terms in office, and reduce the term of office from seven years to five, in accordance with his promise at

2580-440: The 2012 election. The Constitutional Council refused to allow Sall to shorten his own term of office, but allowed the other changes to be put to a referendum, to the dismay of some of Sall's former supporters. Protests and violent clashes preceded the referendum , which passed on 20 March 2016 with 63% in favour and turnout slightly in excess of 40%. In the 2019 Senegalese presidential election Sall won re-election with 58% of

2666-530: The APR was also successful in the city of Gossas , twelve districts in the north of the country and three in the south. Intending to stand in the 2012 Presidential elections , Sall travelled through Senegal and met with members of the Senegalese overseas community. He employed Jean-Pierre Pierre-Bloch  [ fr ] , a former member of the French National Assembly who had previously been

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2752-571: The Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition intact, Sall carried out many symbolic gestures. In accordance with his promise to reduce state spending, he curtailed some ministerial perks, announced an audit of his predecessor's administration and cancelled 59 projects and agencies which were judged unnecessary. He ended several contracts within the Presidential Palace and limited the salaries of the directors of agencies, but also increased

2838-736: The Corniche de Dakar motorway and the construction of the Blaise Diagne International Airport . In the June 2007 parliamentary election , Sall was elected to the National Assembly as a candidate on the national list of the Coalition . After the election, Wade appointed Minister Delegate for the Budget Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré as prime minister on 19 June, replacing Sall, who had resigned along with his government shortly beforehand then fall out of elections. Sall said that he

2924-764: The Gambia and restoring Senegal's diplomatic role in Africa. Two difficult legal cases challenged his commitment to avoid interfering with the judiciary: the socialist Barthélémy Dias was charged with the murder of a PDS member and the marabout Béthio Thioune  [ fr ] , an old supporter of Wade was accused of being involved in the deaths of two of his followers. In February 2013, Sall secured $ 7.5 billion for his economic development plan, dubbed "Emergent Senegal", designed to transform Senegal into an emergent economy by 2035 through investments in agriculture, infrastructure and tourism. Sall's government also moved toward

3010-575: The National Assembly, as well as his seat on Fatick's municipal council and his post as Mayor of Fatick. He also said that he would create a new party. Mamadou Seck was elected to replace Sall as President of the National Assembly on 16 November 2008. Sall founded his own party, the Alliance for the Republic–Yaakaar (APR), on 1 December 2008. The Interior Ministry accused Sall of money laundering on 26 January 2009; Sall denied this and said that

3096-427: The accounting year. ) So for example if a car manufacturer buys auto parts , assembles the car and sells it, only the final car sold is counted towards the GDP. Meanwhile, if a person buys replacement auto parts to install them on their car, those are counted towards the GDP. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is responsible for calculating the national accounts in the United States, "In general,

3182-628: The accusation was politically motivated. In late February 2009 it was decided not to prosecute Sall due to lack of evidence. Following the March 2009 local election in Fatick, Sall was re-elected to his former post as Mayor in April 2009. He received 44 votes from the 45 municipal councillors present; the Sopi Coalition's five councillors were not present for the vote. In the same local elections,

3268-540: The concept of GDP should be distinguished from the history of changes in many ways of estimating it. The value added by firms is relatively easy to calculate from their accounts, but the value added by the public sector , by financial industries, and by intangible asset creation is more complex. These activities are increasingly important in developed economies, and the international conventions governing their estimation and their inclusion or exclusion in GDP regularly change in an attempt to keep up with industrial advances. In

3354-528: The context of the 2023 Nigerien crisis . World leaders who have met Macky Sall in Senegal include former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad , Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau , former U.S President Barack Obama , and former President of France François Hollande . Sall claims to be a supporter of women's rights . Gross domestic product Gross domestic product ( GDP )

3440-679: The context of threats and disturbances to public order." Three people were killed during protests against the postponement in Saint-Louis , Dakar and Ziguinchor . Protests were also held in Diourbel . On 15 February, the Senegalese Constitutional Council ruled that the decision to postpone and reschedule the election by Macky Sall and the National Assembly was "contrary to the constitution" and ordered its cancellation. However, it also acknowledged that holding

3526-537: The country's Casamance region and played a crucial role in ousting dictator Yahya Jammeh in neighboring Gambia in 2017. Sall was one of five children born to Amadou Abdoul Sall, who was a state worker and then a caretaker and Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller. He was raised in Fatick and Futa Tooro , as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Sall's father was a member of the Socialist Party of Senegal (PS), but, at

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3612-401: The country. GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of living standards. The major advantage of GDP per capita as an indicator of the standard of living is that it is measured frequently, widely, and consistently. It is measured frequently in that most countries provide information on GDP every quarter, allowing trends to be seen quickly. It is measured widely in that some measure of GDP

3698-444: The election as originally scheduled on 25 February was no longer feasible, and urged the government to act immediately. In response, presidential spokesperson Yoro Dia said that Sall would comply with the decision, but did not give a new date for it to be held. In a televised interview on 22 February, Sall said that he would leave office as scheduled on 2 April, but said that he would hold talks first with political leaders to determine

3784-419: The elections on 24 March after the constitutional court ruled the national dialogue was unconstitutional. Macky Sall dismissed Amadou Ba as prime minister to allow him to focus on his election campaign, and replaced him with Interior Minister Sidiki Kaba . The Constitutional Council approved of the new date on 7 March. The election was won by opposition candidate Bassirou Diomaye Faye , and Sall left office at

3870-479: The electoral process that was launched following Karim Wade's exclusion from the elections and warning of adverse affects on the "credibility of the election by creating the seeds of pre- and post-electoral litigation". Sall also claimed that some of the official candidates held dual-citizenship. This was the first postponement of a presidential election in the country's history. On 4 February, police in Dakar fired tear gas to disperse demonstrators protesting against

3956-532: The end of his term on 2 April. Sall was named as the leading candidate of the opposition Takku Wallu Senegal coalition in the 2024 Senegalese parliamentary election scheduled on 17 November. In 2015, Sall decided to dispatch 2,100 Senegalese troops to join the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen . It was not initially clear where the Senegalese forces would be deployed and to what purpose. This

4042-544: The establishment of a new universal healthcare system. While the World Trade Organisation called Sall's plans "ambitious," popular dissatisfaction with the slow pace of progress was reported. In September 2013, Sall dismissed Mbaye and named the Minister of Justice, Aminata Touré to the position of prime minister. On 4 July 2014, she was dismissed as prime minister by parliament after she failed to win

4128-699: The high school in Kaolack , Sall associated with the Maoists at the encouragement of his brother-in-law. During his studies at the University of Dakar he was involved in the Marxist-Leninist movement, And-Jëf , led by Landing Savané . He soon left And-Jëf, since he did not agree with the ideas of the movement or Savané's use of a boycott strategy against the PS in the 1983 election, in which Sall voted for

4214-553: The income approach. A common one is: The sum of COE , GOS and GMI is called total factor income; it is the income of all of the factors of production in society. It measures the value of GDP at factor (basic) prices. The difference between basic prices and final prices (those used in the expenditure calculation) is the total taxes and subsidies that the government has levied or paid on that production. So adding taxes less subsidies on production and imports converts GDP(I) at factor cost to GDP(I) at final prices. Total factor income

4300-443: The information required (especially information on expenditure and production by governments). The raw GDP figure as given by the equations above is called the nominal, historical, or current GDP. When one compares GDP figures from one year to another, it is desirable to compensate for changes in the value of money—for the effects of inflation or deflation. To make it more meaningful for year-to-year comparisons, it may be multiplied by

4386-684: The international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. GDP is often used as a metric for international comparisons as well as a broad measure of economic progress . It is often considered to be the world's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. However, critics of the growth imperative often argue that GDP measures were never intended to measure progress, and leave out key other externalities , such as resource extraction , environmental impact and unpaid domestic work . Alternative economic indicators such as doughnut economics use other measures, such as

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4472-454: The latter's defeat in the 2012 French presidential elections and the publication of his net worth, 1.3 billion CFA Francs , largely acquired during his tenure as Wade's prime minister. Jeune Afrique suggested that Sall's wealth appeared to be inconsistent with his income as a senior public servant. In the lead-up to the legislative elections in July 2012 , for which he managed to preserve

4558-682: The liberal Abdoulaye Wade , as he did again in 1988. Sall was trained as a geological engineer at the Institute of Earth Sciences (IST) of the University of Dakar and then at the French Institute of Petroleum (IFP)'s National College of Petrol and Engines (ENSPM) in Paris . He is a member of multiple national and international associations of geologists and geological engineers. He met his wife Mariéme Faye Sall in 1992 when she

4644-537: The number of minister-counsellors. He re-established the Court for the Repression of Illegal Enrichment and announced the creation of a National Anti-corruption Office (Ofnac) and a National Commission for the restitution of property and recovery of wrongly acquired possessions, as well as annulling some of the final decrees and contracts signed by Wade. To reduce the cost of living, the government of Abdoul Mbaye lowered

4730-555: The party; he also allegedly committed "acts aimed at undermining the image of the party and country", referring in particular to Sall's visits to the Senate of France and the United States Democratic Party's 2008 Convention . A statement released by Sall's political adviser condemned the move to discipline Sall as an "attempt at political liquidation". On 13 October 2008, the National Assembly voted to reduce

4816-463: The population is the Per capita income . The international standard for measuring GDP is contained in the book System of National Accounts (2008), which was prepared by representatives of the International Monetary Fund , European Union , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and World Bank . The publication is normally referred to as SNA2008 to distinguish it from

4902-403: The postponement and arrested Aminata Touré and candidate Anta Babacar Ngom , who had attended one of the rallies after all 19 opposition candidates called for supporters to gather in the streets, including at a major roundabout and in front of the National Assembly. Authorities also suspended and later revoked the broadcasting license of the private television channel Walf TV for its coverage of

4988-430: The previous edition published in 1993 (SNA93) or 1968 (called SNA68) SNA2008 provides a set of rules and procedures for the measurement of national accounts. The standards are designed to be flexible, to allow for differences in local statistical needs and conditions. Within each country GDP is normally measured by a national government statistical agency, as private sector organizations normally do not have access to

5074-477: The previous seven-year term that Wade controversially restored; he also said he would ensure that no leader could serve for more than two terms . The runoff took place on 25 March 2012, and Wade phoned Sall at 21:30 GMT to concede the race with congratulations, before the Constitutional Council  [ fr ] made the official proclamation that Sall had won with 65.8% of the vote. Sall

5160-512: The products must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to people's total expenditures in buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the productive factors ("producers", colloquially) must be equal to the value of their product, and determines GDP by finding the sum of all producers' incomes. Also known as the Value Added Approach, it calculates how much value

5246-585: The project architectural design looks a lot like Akon City , they are not related in any kind, shape or form as stated by Semer Group. The idea behind the development of Diamniadio Lake City is to ease the population pressure on Dakar . The project attracted a lot of bids from local and international companies, including Germany’s state-owned KFW Development Bank , ultimately won by the Semer Investment Group, based in UAE and Senegal. The Semer Group

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5332-411: The protests, calling it an "incitement to violence". Protesters were seen chanting "Macky Sall, dictator!" and establishing makeshift barricades, burning tyres and throwing rocks at police. The Ministry of Communication, Telecommunications and Digital Economy shut off mobile internet access on 5 February, citing "the dissemination of several hateful and subversive messages relayed on social networks in

5418-445: The ratio between the value of money in the year the GDP was measured and the value of money in a base year. For example, suppose a country's GDP in 1990 was $ 100 million and its GDP in 2000 was $ 300 million . Suppose also that inflation had halved the value of its currency over that period. To meaningfully compare its GDP in 2000 to its GDP in 1990, we could multiply the GDP in 2000 by one-half, to make it relative to 1990 as

5504-587: The rest of the world minus income payments to the rest of the world. In 1991, the United States switched from using GNP to using GDP as its primary measure of production. The relationship between United States GDP and GNP is shown in table 1.7.5 of the National Income and Product Accounts . Another example that amplifies the difference between GDP and GNI is the comparison of developed and developing country indicators. The GDP of Japan for 2020

5590-408: The same result. They are the production (or output or value added) approach, the income approach, and the speculated expenditure approach. It is representative of the total output and income within an economy. The most direct of the three is the production approach, which sums up the outputs of every class of enterprise to arrive at the total. The expenditure approach works on the principle that all of

5676-470: The second most powerful position in the party, and it decided to submit a bill to the National Assembly that would reduce the term of the President of the National Assembly from five years to one year. Following the death of Mourides religious leader Serigne Saliou Mbacké in late December 2007, his successor, Serigne Mouhamadou Lamine Bara Mbacké , asked Wade to forgive Sall; Wade then met with Sall and

5762-401: The source data for the expenditures components are considered more reliable than those for the income components [see income method, above]." Encyclopedia Britannica records an alternate way of measuring exports minus imports: notating it as the single variable NX. GDP can be contrasted with gross national product (GNP) or, as it is now known, gross national income (GNI). The difference

5848-455: The term of the President of the National Assembly to one year; this was approved by President Wade on 21 October. Despite Sall's determined efforts to maintain his position, the National Assembly voted to dismiss him as President of the National Assembly on 9 November 2008. There were 111 votes in favor of his removal and 22 against it. Sall promptly announced that he was resigning from the PDS; this decision meant that he would lose his seat in

5934-587: The theatre [of action], are victims of this economic crisis" caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine . Prior to the war, Russia and Ukraine supplied more than 40% of wheat needs in Africa. Sall also complained that the side effects of the EU's decision to expel many Russian banks from SWIFT will hurt the ability of African countries to pay for imported food and fertilizers from Russia. In 2021, there were protests against Sall after opposition leader Ousmane Sonko

6020-536: The total expenditure used to buy things is a way of measuring production. This is known as the expenditure method of calculating GDP. GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C) , investment (I) , government expenditures (G) and net exports (X − M) . Here is a description of each GDP component: C , I , and G are expenditures on final goods and services; expenditures on intermediate goods and services do not count. (Intermediate goods and services are those used by businesses to produce other goods and services within

6106-439: The total population of the region is the GDP per capita and can approximate a concept of a standard of living . Nominal GDP does not reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on

6192-517: The two were said to have made peace in early January 2008. Sall nevertheless remained at odds with the PDS leadership in 2008. In September 2008, a PDS deputy presented the bill to reduce the term of the President of the National Assembly to one year, and later in the month, Sall was called before the PDS Disciplinary Committee, although he did not appear. On this occasion, Sall was accused of divisive personal initiatives within

6278-638: The vote. In June 2020 Sall said he was self-isolating after he was exposed to someone with COVID-19 . On 1 November 2020, he formed the fourth Sall government . Sall was elected as chairperson of the African Union for the year 2022, with his term beginning on 5 February 2022. On 3 June 2022, Sall met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Sochi , Russia to discuss grain deliveries from Russia and Ukraine to Africa. Sall told Putin he should be "aware that our countries, even if they are far from

6364-473: The words of one academic economist, "The actual number for GDP is, therefore, the product of a vast patchwork of statistics and a complicated set of processes carried out on the raw data to fit them to the conceptual framework." China officially adopted GDP in 1993 as its indicator of economic performance. Previously, China had relied on a Marxist-inspired national accounting system. GDP can be determined in three ways, all of which should, theoretically, give

6450-554: Was Special Advisor for Energy and Mines to President Abdoulaye Wade from 6 April 2000 to 12 May 2003, as well as Director-General of the Petroleum Company of Senegal ( Société des Pétroles du Sénégal , PETROSEN) from 13 December 2000 to 5 July 2001. He became Minister of Mines, Energy and Hydraulics on 12 May 2001, replacing Abdoulaye Bathily who had been appointed Vice-President of the National Assembly . Sall

6536-566: Was a high school student in the city of Diourbel . Sall joined Wade's Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) in the late 1980s. He became Secretary-General of the PDS Regional Convention in Fatick in 1998 and served as the PDS National Secretary in charge of Mines and Industry. He was actively involved in the " Sopi " campaign which brought Wade to power in the 2000 Senegalese presidential election . He

6622-489: Was appointed prime minister by President Wade, after Wade dismissed his predecessor, Idrissa Seck . On 25 July 2004, Sall became Vice-President of the PDS Steering Committee. Although Sall was little known at the time of his appointment, he made a strong impression in his maiden address on general policy. Sall served as the director of Wade's re-election campaign for the February 2007 presidential election , in which Wade

6708-517: Was arrested. In November 2022, investigative reporter Pape Alé Niang was arrested after reporting on the government investigation into Sonko. On 9 February 2023, the Sall announced his ambition to make Thiès the "city of three stations", with the prospect of its service by train Regional Express (TER) whose railway line will be extended to link it to Dakar. In December 2022, he attended

6794-493: Was first developed by Simon Kuznets for a 1934 U.S. Congress report, where he warned against its use as a measure of welfare (see below under limitations and criticisms ). After the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, GDP became the main tool for measuring a country's economy. At that time gross national product (GNP) was the preferred estimate, which differed from GDP in that it measured production by

6880-547: Was inaugurated as the fourth President of Senegal on 2 April at the King Fahd Palace hotel. The next day he appointed technocrat and banker Abdoul Mbaye as his prime minister, who became the head of a government limited to 25 ministers and announced his intention to dissolve the National Assembly in order to hold legislative elections on 1 July. Two controversies marked Sall's first days in office: his visit to his French counterpart, Nicolas Sarkozy , days before

6966-465: Was promoted to the rank of Minister of State, while retaining his portfolio, on 6 November 2002. He additionally became the Mayor of Fatick on 1 June 2002. On 27 August 2003, Sall was moved from his position as Minister of State for Mines, Energy and Hydraulics to that of Minister of State for the Interior and Local Communities , while also becoming Government Spokesman. On 21 July 2004, Macky Sall

7052-605: Was proud of what he had accomplished as prime minister. Sall was not elected as President of the National Assembly one day later, on 20 June 2007; he was the only candidate and received 143 votes from the 146 deputies present. Sall and Wade came into conflict later in 2007 when Sall called Wade's son Karim , the President of the National Agency of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC), for

7138-652: Was removed from his post as President of the National Assembly in November 2008; he consequently founded his own party named the Alliance for the Republic (APR) and joined the opposition. Placing second in the first round of the 2012 presidential election , he won the backing of other opposition candidates and prevailed over Wade in the second round of voting, held on 25 March 2012. He is the first president born after Senegalese independence from France . Under Sall's leadership, significant infrastructure projects, including

7224-408: Was scheduled to launch in the first quarter of 2019, and began regular passenger service at the end of 2021. The second phase, extending the line to the airport, was due to be completed the following year. Macky Sall Macky Sall ( French pronunciation: [maki sal] , Wolof : Maki Sàll , Pulaar : 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎ , romanized:  Maki Sal ; born 11 December 1961 )

7310-772: Was seen as a move to foster closer Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations . In January 2017, Sall sent Senegalese troops to participate in the ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia . Senegal under Sall has taken a neutral approach to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , abstaining from many United Nations resolutions concerning it. He has met with both Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv . In August 2023, Sall announced its troops will join any ECOWAS intervention in Niger, in

7396-414: Was victorious, obtaining a majority in the first round. After Wade was sworn in, Sall submitted his resignation on 10 April and was immediately reappointed, with the government unchanged. Sall remained prime minister until 19 June 2007, making him the longest-serving of Wade's prime ministers. During his tenure he set in motion several presidential policies which had been started by his predecessor, including

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