211-698: Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969), also known professionally as Diddy , and formerly Puff Daddy and P. Diddy , is an American rapper, record producer and record executive. He is credited with the discovery and development of musical artists including the Notorious B.I.G. , Mary J. Blige , and Usher . Born in Harlem and raised in Mount Vernon , Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records in 1993. He embarked on his recording career following
422-594: A " prisoner in the Vatican ". This stand-off, which was spoken of as the Roman Question , was resolved by the 1929 Lateran Treaties , whereby the Holy See acknowledged Italian sovereignty over the former Papal States in return for payment and Italy's recognition of papal sovereignty over Vatican City as a new sovereign and independent state. Catholic missionaries generally supported, and sought to facilitate,
633-472: A "smoother" sound for the release. The upcoming album's first song to be released was the title track, "Ready to Die", followed by "Gimme the Loot", "Things Done Changed", "Machine Gun Funk", and "Warning". Five days after his marriage, Wallace had his first pop chart success as a solo artist with double A-side, " Juicy / Unbelievable", which reached No. 27 as the lead single to his debut album. Recorded at
844-486: A $ 1.5 million advance and full creative control. Combs promptly used the money to repurchase the tracks recorded for Wallace's album from Harrell. The "Real Love" remix single was followed by a remix of a Mary J. Blige song, " What's the 411? ". Wallace's success continued, though to a lesser extent, with remixes of Neneh Cherry 's " Buddy X " and reggae artist Super Cat 's " Dolly My Baby " in 1993. In July 1994, Wallace appeared alongside LL Cool J and Busta Rhymes on
1055-458: A 1997 painting by Kerry James Marshall for $ 21 million, establishing a record for a painting by a living black artist. The Notorious B.I.G. Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), known by the stage names the Notorious B.I.G. , Biggie Smalls , and Biggie , was an American rapper. Rooted in the New York rap scene and gangsta rap traditions, he
1266-437: A 1997 review of No Way Out for Billboard , Havelock Nelson commented: "...the over-reliance on huge swathes of undiluted samples is simply clumsy, lazy, and demeaning to the sources." Also in 1997, Neil Strauss of The New York Times called Combs the "king of sampled hits". In April 1999, Combs was charged with assaulting Steve Stoute of Interscope Records . Stoute was the manager for Nas , with whom Combs had filmed
1477-532: A 2002 Los Angeles Times series titled "Who Killed Tupac Shakur?", journalist Chuck Philips reported, based on police reports and multiple sources, that the shooting was carried out by the Southside Crips , a Compton gang, seeking revenge for a beating Shakur had allegedly inflicted earlier that day. The report also claimed that Wallace had financed the gun used in the shooting. The night Shakur died, Wallace called Evans in tears; Evans recalled that "he
1688-512: A Duo or Group , where Wallace’s "Mo Money Mo Problems" was also nominated. In December 1999, Bad Boy Records released Born Again , an album featuring previously unreleased material from Wallace, mixed with new guest appearances from artists he had not collaborated with during his lifetime, including Eminem and Missy Elliott . It spawned two singles: " Dead Wrong " and " Notorious B.I.G. ", released on October 26, 1999, and December 11, 1999, respectively. "Notorious B.I.G." peaked at No. 82 on
1899-552: A collaboration titled "Let's Get Ill". He was an opening act for 'N Sync on their Spring 2002 Celebrity Tour, and he signed California-based pop girl group Dream to his record label. Combs was a producer of the soundtrack album for the film Training Day (2001). In June 2001, Combs ended Bad Boy's distribution deal with Arista Records, gaining full control of the label, its catalogue, and its roster of artists. The Saga Continues... , released on July 10 in North America,
2110-668: A joint venture deal with Arista Records . Combs brought Uptown signee Christopher Wallace (better known as the Notorious B.I.G. ) along with him to the newly established label. Both Wallace and Craig Mack began recording for the label and yielded mainstream recognition, leading to the former's debut album and the label's first major project, Ready to Die (1994). Combs signed more acts to Bad Boy, including Carl Thomas , Faith Evans , 112 , Total , and Father MC . The Hitmen, his in-house production team, worked with Jodeci, Mary J. Blige, Usher , Lil' Kim , TLC , Mariah Carey , Boyz II Men , SWV , Aretha Franklin , and others. Mase and
2321-706: A listening session for "Gimme the Loot"; Wallace mentioned him in the lyrics and attracted O'Neal to his music. O'Neal requested a collaboration with Wallace, which resulted in the song " You Can't Stop the Reign ". According to Combs, Wallace would not collaborate with "anybody he didn't really respect" and that Wallace paid O'Neal his respect by "shouting him out". In 2015, Daz Dillinger , a frequent collaborator with Shakur, said that he and Wallace were "cool", with Wallace traveling to meet him to smoke cannabis and record two songs. Junior M.A.F.I.A. began working on their debut studio album in 1994. On August 29, 1995, Conspiracy
SECTION 10
#17327795432252532-481: A living. Nothing but anger. But now I can't do that anymore. Wallace the album's title In January 1997, Wallace was ordered to pay $ 41,000 in damages following an incident involving a friend of a concert promoter who claimed Wallace and his entourage beat him following a dispute in May 1995. He faced criminal assault charges for the incident, which remains unresolved, but all robbery charges were dropped. Following
2743-620: A majority holding in Aquahydrate, a calorie-free beverage for athletes. John Cochran, former president of Fiji Water , is CEO of the company. In 2019, Combs became an investor in PlayVS, which provides an infrastructure for competitive gaming in US high schools. The company was also backed by Twitch co-founder Kevin Lin. Combs is a father to seven children. His first biological child, a son, Justin,
2954-463: A recording contract with Motown . Along with Combs himself, the label's inaugural artist was singer Jozzy , who signed to the label that same month. The following June, he released the single " Gotta Move On ", which features singer Bryson Tiller and marked his first entry—at number 79—on the Billboard Hot 100 since "Coming Home". It was promoted as the lead single for the album, although it
3165-634: A remix of Craig Mack 's track " Flava in Ya Ear ", which reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 . "Flava in Ya Ear" reached No. 1 on the rap chart for three consecutive weeks. On August 4, 1994, Wallace married R&B singer Faith Evans , whom he first met in June of that year at a promotional photoshoot. Wallace and Mo Bee originally wanted "Machine Gun Funk" as the upcoming album's first single due to its "funky, upbeat" sound, but Combs preferred
3376-406: A robbery on November 30, 1994, during which he was shot five times and lost thousands of dollars worth of jewelry. They denied any involvement. Wallace stated, "I had nothing to do with that, it just happened to be a coincidence that he was in the studio. He couldn't really say who really had something to do with it at the time, so he just kind of leaned the blame on me". In 2012, Dexter Isaac, who
3587-657: A slick way, and it worked well for him". Known for composing lyrics in his head rather than writing them down, Wallace occasionally deviated from his usual style. For example, he sang in a slow falsetto on "Playa Hater" and adapted to the rapid-fire rhyme flow of Bone Thugs-n-Harmony on " Notorious Thugs ". Wallace's lyrics explored a range of themes, including mafioso narratives ("Niggas Bleed"), reflections on his drug-dealing past (" Ten Crack Commandments "), materialistic boasting ("Hypnotize"), humor (" Just Playing (Dreams) "), and romantic experiences (" Me & My Bitch "). In 2004, Rolling Stone praised him as "one of
3798-460: A son, Christian, born 1998, and twin daughters, born 2006. Porter died of pneumonia on November 15, 2018. Five months before the birth of his twins, Combs had a daughter, born to Sarah Chapman. He took legal responsibility for her in October 2007. Combs was in an 11-year relationship with Cassie Ventura from 2007 to 2018. Combs's seventh child was born on October 15, 2022, a daughter. Her mother
4009-474: A supergroup called the Commission, she was aware that she was not the only woman in his life. On March 23, 1996, Wallace was arrested outside a Manhattan nightclub for chasing and threatening two fans who were asking for autographs, smashing the windows of their taxi, and punching one of them. He pleaded guilty to second-degree harassment and was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. Later that year, he
4220-400: A talent for exaggeration to improve his storytelling and sales appeal. Wallace described his debut album, Ready to Die , as "a big pie, with each slice indicating a different point in [his] life involving bitches and niggaz [...] from the beginning to the end". Rolling Stone described Ready to Die as a contrast of "bleak" street visions and being "full of high-spirited fun, bringing
4431-473: A time when West Coast hip hop dominated U.S. charts. It received positive reviews upon release and has been widely praised in retrospect. In addition to "Juicy", the album produced two other hit singles: the platinum-selling " Big Poppa ", which topped the U.S. rap chart and " One More Chance ", which sold one million copies in 1995 (the year of its release). Busta Rhymes recalled seeing Wallace handing out copies of Ready to Die from his home, which
SECTION 20
#17327795432254642-578: A variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality , its doctrine against ordaining women , and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy. Catholic (from Greek : καθολικός , romanized : katholikos , lit. 'universal')
4853-447: A video earlier that year for the song " Hate Me Now ". Combs was concerned that the video, which featured a shot of Nas and Combs being crucified, was blasphemous. He asked for his scenes on the cross to be pulled, but after the video aired unedited on MTV on April 15, Combs visited Stoute's offices and injured Stoute. Forever , Combs's second solo studio album, was released by Bad Boy Records on August 24, 1999, in North America, and in
5064-449: A wheelchair, later relying on a cane (which he used until his death), and undergoing therapy. Despite his hospitalization, he continued working on the album, referencing the accident in "Long Kiss Goodnight" with the line, "Ya still tickle me, I used to be as strong as Ripple be / Til Lil' Cease crippled me". On October 29, 1996, Evans gave birth to Wallace's son, Christopher "C.J." Wallace Jr . Around this time, Wallace began recording
5275-602: A year in New York City when he was 13 years old, told Howard Stern in 2016 that Combs's lifestyle was "pretty wild" during that time. In 1991, Combs promoted an AIDS fundraiser with Heavy D held at the City College of New York (CCNY) gymnasium, following a charity basketball game. The event was oversold, and a stampede occurred in which nine people died . Shortly after being fired from Uptown in 1993, Combs established his own label Bad Boy Records , which entered
5486-617: Is Dana Tran. In November 2022, Combs and his second-eldest son became the first father-son duo to have simultaneous No. 1 hits. Combs reached the top of the Billboard Adult R&;B Airplay chart with "Gotta Move On", while his son, under his stage name King Combs, topped Mediabase 's US Urban Radio chart with "Can't Stop Won't Stop", featuring Kodak Black . Combs owns a home in Alpine, New Jersey , which he purchased for $ 7 million. In 2018 Combs bought Past Times ,
5697-540: Is generally regarded as an institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The massive Islamic invasions of the mid-7th century began a long struggle between Christianity and Islam throughout the Mediterranean Basin. The Byzantine Empire soon lost the lands of the eastern patriarchates of Jerusalem , Alexandria and Antioch and was reduced to that of Constantinople,
5908-511: Is one of the wealthiest musical artists , with an estimated net worth of US$ 1 billion by 2022. In 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John . It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $ 100 million into the company in 2003. In late 2006,
6119-525: Is set to start on May 5, 2025. Sean John Combs was born on November 4, 1969, in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City . Raised in Mount Vernon, New York , his mother Janice Combs (née Smalls) was a model and teacher's assistant, and his father, Melvin Earl Combs, served in the U.S. Air Force and was an associate of convicted New York drug dealer Frank Lucas . At age 33, Melvin was shot dead while sitting in his car on Central Park West , when Combs
6330-685: Is the bishop of Rome , known as the pope ( Latin : papa , lit. 'father'), whose jurisdiction is called the Holy See ( Sancta Sedes in Latin). In parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both. Additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services. The Catholic Church has been described as
6541-491: Is the universal [katholike] Church." In the Catechetical Lectures ( c. 350 ) of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem , the name "Catholic Church" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also called themselves "the church". The "Catholic" notion was further stressed in the edict De fide Catolica issued 380 by Theodosius I , the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of
Sean Combs - Misplaced Pages Continue
6752-747: Is widely considered one of the greatest rappers of all time. Wallace became known for his distinctive, laidback lyrical delivery, offsetting his lyrics' often grim content . His music was usually semi-autobiographical, telling of hardship and criminality but also of debauchery and celebration. Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City , Wallace was the first artist to sign with Sean "Puffy" Combs 's Bad Boy Records in 1993. That same year, he gained recognition for his guest appearances on other artists' singles. His debut studio album, Ready to Die (1994), received widespread critical acclaim and included signature tracks " Juicy " and " Big Poppa ". This album made him
6963-651: The Pax Romana made travelling safe. The empire encouraged the spread of a common culture with Greek roots, which allowed ideas to be more easily expressed and understood. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, however, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism (see Idolatry ). The Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to participate in much of public life, which caused non-Christians—including government authorities—to fear that
7174-599: The 40th Grammy Awards in 1998, and would go on to win the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . On September 7, 2000, the album was certified septuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of over 7 million copies. By the late 1990s, he was being criticized for watering down and overly commercializing hip hop, and for relying excessively on guest appearances, samples , and interpolations of past hits. For example, in
7385-777: The Billboard 200. Wallace had the vocal range of a baritone . He typically rapped in a deep tone that Rolling Stone described as a "thick, jaunty grumble", which became even deeper on Life After Death . Wallace was frequently joined by Combs, who contributed ad libs to his tracks. The Source 's "Unsigned Hype" column described his style as "cool, nasal, and filtered, blessing his own material". AllMusic noted Wallace’s talent for layering multiple rhymes in rapid succession, while Time magazine highlighted his ability to deliver multi-syllabic rhymes smoothly. Scholar Adam Krims described his rhythmic style as "effusive". Wallace often used onomatopoeic sounds, like "uhhh" at
7596-564: The Billboard Hot 100, making him the first artist to achieve two posthumous No. 1 singles. The third single, " Sky's the Limit ", featuring the band 112, featured a Spike Jonze-directed video with children portraying Wallace and his contemporaries, including Combs, Lil' Kim, and Busta Rhymes. In December 1997, Spin named Wallace Artist of the Year, with "Hypnotize" as Single of the Year. In mid-1997, Combs released his debut album, No Way Out , which featured Wallace on five tracks, including
7807-402: The Billboard Hot 100. Wallace featured on Michael Jackson's album Invincible , providing lead vocals for the track "Unbreakable", which was released on October 30, 2001. Wallace's vocals appeared on Ashanti 's " Foolish " in 2002, and the track " Runnin' (Dying to Live) " with Shakur in 2003. Duets: The Final Chapter , a remix album , was released on December 20, 2005, which spawned
8018-809: The Byzantine–Seljuk Wars , which caused Urban to launch the First Crusade aimed at aiding the Byzantine Empire and returning the Holy Land to Christian control. In the 11th century , strained relations between the primarily Greek church and the Latin Church separated them in the East–West Schism, partially due to conflicts over papal authority. The Fourth Crusade and the sacking of Constantinople by renegade crusaders proved
8229-713: The Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology . The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for
8440-721: The Code of Canon Law (1983). "Catholic Church" is also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The New Testament , in particular the Gospels , records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the Twelve Apostles and his Great Commission of
8651-495: The Council of Fashion Designers of America in 2004, having previously been nominated in 2000. Combs served as brand ambassador for the liquor brand Cîroc from 2007 to 2023, and co-founded the television network Revolt in 2013. He is one of the wealthiest musical artists and has won three Grammy Awards . In late 2023, Combs settled a high-profile sexual assault and abuse lawsuit filed by his former partner Cassie Ventura : numerous other lawsuits were subsequently filed in
Sean Combs - Misplaced Pages Continue
8862-666: The Council of Nicaea declared heretical . The resulting religious discord between Germanic rulers and Catholic subjects was avoided when, in 497, Clovis I , the Frankish ruler, converted to orthodox Catholicism, allying himself with the papacy and the monasteries. The Visigoths in Spain followed his lead in 589, and the Lombards in Italy in the course of the 7th century. Western Christianity , particularly through its monasteries ,
9073-736: The Cîroc vodka brand for a 50% share of the profits. In June 2023, after Ciroc was acquired by Diageo , they ended their partnership with Combs for "refusing to acknowledge or honor his commitments". Combs acquired the Enyce clothing line from Liz Claiborne for $ 20 million on October 21, 2008. Combs has a major equity stake in Revolt TV , a television network that also has a film production branch. It began broadcasting in 2014. In February 2015, Combs teamed up with actor Mark Wahlberg and businessman Ronald Burkle of Yucaipa Companies to purchase
9284-733: The Edict of Thessalonica made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire , a position that within the diminishing territory of the Byzantine Empire would persist until the empire itself ended in the fall of Constantinople in 1453, while elsewhere the church was independent of the empire, as became particularly clear with the East–West Schism . During the period of the Seven Ecumenical Councils , five primary sees emerged, an arrangement formalized in
9495-766: The English Reformation and the eventual development of Anglicanism . The Reformation contributed to clashes between the Protestant Schmalkaldic League and the Catholic Emperor Charles V and his allies. The first nine-year war ended in 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg but continued tensions produced a far graver conflict—the Thirty Years' War —which broke out in 1618. In France, a series of conflicts termed
9706-607: The French Wars of Religion was fought from 1562 to 1598 between the Huguenots (French Calvinists ) and the forces of the French Catholic League , which were backed and funded by a series of popes. This ended under Pope Clement VIII , who hesitantly accepted King Henry IV's 1598 Edict of Nantes granting civil and religious toleration to French Protestants. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) became
9917-543: The Immaculate Conception as a dogma in the Catholic Church . In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements, striking a blow to the rival position of conciliarism . Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church , The Italian unification of
10128-712: The Italian Peninsula , imprisoning Pope Pius VI , who died in captivity. Napoleon later re-established the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801 . The end of the Napoleonic Wars brought Catholic revival and the return of the Papal States . In 1854, Pope Pius IX , with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted from 1851 to 1853, proclaimed
10339-462: The Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter , upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by
10550-666: The Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles, California. Guests included Evans, Aaliyah and members of the Bloods and Crips gangs. With over 2,000 people overcrowding the venue, fire marshals shut it down at 12:35 a.m. on March 9. After taking a few photos, Wallace and his crew headed downstairs to the Chevrolet Suburbans they had rented from Budget Rent a Car . He traveled in
10761-552: The Polish People's Republic , became the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. His 26 1/2-year pontificate was one of the longest in history, and was credited with hastening the fall of communism in Europe. John Paul II sought to evangelize an increasingly secular world . He travelled more than any other pope, visiting 129 countries, and used television and radio as means of spreading the church's teachings. He also emphasized
SECTION 50
#173277954322510972-875: The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as Protestants. While the Roman Church has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages (6th–10th century), Roman Catholic Church has been applied to the whole church in the English language since the Protestant Reformation in
11183-616: The Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization . The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches , including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches , which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies around
11394-409: The Roman Empire , when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire . Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Orthodox Church has taken the adjective Orthodox as its distinctive epithet; its official name continues to be the Orthodox Catholic Church. The Latin Church was described as Catholic , with that description also denominating those in communion with the Holy See after
11605-419: The Tridentine Mass as found in the Roman Missal of 1962, which he titled the "Extraordinary Form". Citing the frailties of advanced age, Benedict resigned in 2013, becoming the first pope to do so in nearly 600 years. Pope Francis, the current pope of the Catholic Church, became in 2013 the first pope from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere , and the first Pope from outside Europe since
11816-418: The University of Oxford , University of Paris , and University of Bologna . Higher education before then had been the domain of Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools, led by monks and nuns . Evidence of such schools dates back to the 6th century CE. These new universities expanded the curriculum to include academic programs for clerics, lawyers, civil servants, and physicians. The university
12027-406: The crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s . A friend introduced him to buying and selling marijuana when he has around the age of twelve. Having grown up in a strict household, Wallace concealed the money he earned on the roof of his apartment. His mother had no idea about this; she only discovered it when he was twenty years old. Despite being an honor student , Wallace dropped out of school at
12238-444: The dignity of work and natural rights of labourers to have fair wages and safe conditions in Laborem exercens . He emphasized several church teachings, including moral exhortations against abortion, euthanasia , and against widespread use of the death penalty, in Evangelium Vitae . Pope Benedict XVI , elected in 2005, was known for upholding traditional Christian values against secularization , and for increasing use of
12449-407: The eighth season of the American sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia . On February 26, 2014, Combs premiered "Big Homie", featuring Rick Ross and French Montana , as the first single from his mixtape MMM (Money Making Mitch) , which was originally scheduled to be released that year. The song was released for digital download on March 24, and two days later the trailer for the music video
12660-489: The stage name CWest and formed the Techniques with his two friends Michael Bynum and Hubert Sams. Wallace met Donald Harrison , a saxophonist from New Orleans , and the Techniques worked on their first songs together at Harrison's home studio. As the trio grew older, their interests shifted; Sams became focused on high school football , while Bynum lost interest in the music industry. Wallace adopted his second stage name, Biggie Smalls, from Calvin Lockhart 's character in
12871-541: The "greatest rapper that ever lived", and in 2015, Billboard named Wallace the greatest rapper of all time . Wallace's lyrics have been extensively sampled and quoted by artists across genres, including Jay-Z , 50 Cent , Eminem , Lil Wayne , Drake , Kendrick Lamar , Ludacris , and Kanye West . Tributes to him have featured prominently in hip hop culture , such as at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards , where Combs and Snoop Dogg honored him with an orchestral performance of his songs "Juicy" and "Warning". At
SECTION 60
#173277954322513082-440: The "greatest rapper that ever lived", and, in 2015, Billboard named him the greatest rapper of all time . The Source magazine named him the greatest rapper of all time in its 150th issue. In 2006, MTV ranked him at No. 3 on their list of The Greatest MCs of All Time, calling him possibly "the most skillful ever on the mic". In 2020, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Christopher George Latore Wallace
13293-422: The 14th century. To escape instability in Rome, Clement V in 1309 became the first of seven popes to reside in the fortified city of Avignon in southern France during a period known as the Avignon Papacy . The Avignon Papacy ended in 1376 when the pope returned to Rome, but was followed in 1378 by the 38-year-long Western schism , with claimants to the papacy in Rome, Avignon and (after 1409) Pisa. The matter
13504-414: The 1860s incorporated the Papal States, including Rome itself from 1870, into the Kingdom of Italy , thus ending the papacy's temporal power . In response, Pope Pius IX excommunicated King Victor Emmanuel II , refused payment for the land, and rejected the Italian Law of Guarantees , which granted him special privileges. To avoid placing himself in visible subjection to the Italian authorities, he remained
13715-522: The 1960s, Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council , which ushered in radical change to church ritual and practice, and in the later 20th century, the long reign of Pope John Paul II contributed to the fall of communism in Europe, and a new public and international role for the papacy. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its doctrines on sexuality , its inability to ordain women , and its handling of sexual abuse cases . Pope Pius X (1903–1914) renewed
13926-467: The 1975 film Let's Do It Again . After his release from jail, Wallace produced his first demo tape in 1991 called Microphone Murderer with a disc jockey named 50 Grand. Although Wallace reportedly had little ambition for the tape, local disc jockey Mister Cee , known for his work with Big Daddy Kane and the Juice Crew , discovered and promoted it. Mister Cee sent the tape to Matteo Capoluongo, an editor at The Source magazine, who featured
14137-404: The 2004 Broadway revival of A Raisin in the Sun and the television adaptation that aired in February 2008. In 2005, Combs sold half of his record company to the Warner Music Group . He hosted the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards and was named one of the 100 Most Influential People of 2005 by Time magazine. He was mentioned in the country song " Play Something Country " by Brooks & Dunn :
14348-544: The 2005 VH1 Hip Hop Honors , a tribute to Wallace headlined the show. At the same show in 2016, Rich Homie Quan performed "Get Money" but faced criticism after forgetting the lyrics. Before he died, Wallace had begun promoting a clothing line, Brooklyn Mint, focused on plus-sized apparel. The brand became dormant after his death but was relaunched in 2004 by his managers, Mark Pitts and Wayne Barrow , with assistance from Jay-Z. Proceeds benefitted several charitable organizations, including Christopher Wallace Foundation and
14559-408: The 21st century. Pope Gregory VII further initiated the Gregorian Reforms regarding the independence of the clergy from secular authority. This led to the Investiture Controversy between the church and the Holy Roman Emperors , over which had the authority to appoint bishops and popes. In 1095, Byzantine emperor Alexius I appealed to Pope Urban II for help against renewed Muslim invasions in
14770-416: The Americas, Asia and Oceania by explorers, conquistadors, and missionaries, as well as by the transformation of societies through the socio-political mechanisms of colonial rule. Pope Alexander VI had awarded colonial rights over most of the newly discovered lands to Spain and Portugal and the ensuing patronato system allowed state authorities, not the Vatican, to control all clerical appointments in
14981-456: The Bad Boy Records label. The album, featuring guest appearances by many popular artists, debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with sales of over 173,009. Its singles " Come to Me " and " Last Night " both reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 . The album became available to preview on MTV's The Leak on October 10, 2006, a week before being sold in stores. Press Play received mixed to positive reviews from critics, and
15192-546: The Band would return to MTV in 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , it failed to do so; it was delayed once more for a release in 2021 before its complete cancellation. Combs executive-produced Nigerian singer Burna Boy 's album, Twice as Tall , which was released on August 14, 2020. Combs hosted the 2022 Billboard Music Awards . In May of that year, he announced the startup of a new record label, Love Records as part of
15403-402: The Byzantine Empire lost to the Lombards the city of Ravenna from which it governed the small fragments of Italy, including Rome, that acknowledged its sovereignty. The fall of Ravenna meant that confirmation by a no longer existent exarch was not asked for during the election in 752 of Pope Stephen II and that the papacy was forced to look elsewhere for a civil power to protect it. In 754, at
15614-594: The Catholic and Orthodox churches. Several eastern churches reunited, forming the majority of the Eastern Catholic Churches . The Age of Discovery beginning in the 15th century saw the expansion of Western Europe's political and cultural influence worldwide. Because of the prominent role the strongly Catholic nations of Spain and Portugal played in Western colonialism, Catholicism was spread to
15825-534: The Christians were angering the gods and thereby threatening the peace and prosperity of the Empire. The resulting persecutions were a defining feature of Christian self-understanding until Christianity was legalized in the 4th century. In 313, Emperor Constantine I 's Edict of Milan legalized Christianity, and in 330 Constantine moved the imperial capital to Constantinople , modern Istanbul, Turkey . In 380
16036-631: The Dramatics , Blue Magic , Teddy Pendergrass , Stevie Wonder , and Marvin Gaye . He was also well acquainted with the performances of Parliament-Funkadelic , Earth, Wind & Fire , Kool & the Gang , and Chic . During visits to Jamaica he was influenced by its prominent native genres , including jazz , reggae , soul , and mento . As Wallace entered adolescence, he started listening to artists like Run-DMC and LL Cool J . Wallace adopted with
16247-626: The Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV of France , which ended a century-long policy of religious toleration of Protestant Huguenots. As the papacy resisted pushes for Gallicanism , the French Revolution of 1789 shifted power to the state, caused the destruction of churches, the establishment of a Cult of Reason , and the martyrdom of nuns during the Reign of Terror . In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte 's General Louis-Alexandre Berthier invaded
16458-457: The European imperial powers' conquest of Africa during the late nineteenth century. According to the historian of religion Adrian Hastings , Catholic missionaries were generally unwilling to defend African rights or encourage Africans to see themselves as equals to Europeans, in contrast to Protestant missionaries, who were more willing to oppose colonial injustices. During the 20th century,
16669-527: The Grid received a nomination for Best Progressive R&B Album at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards , which commenced on February 4, 2024; Combs did not attend the ceremony, due to sexual misconduct allegations levied against him. Fortune magazine listed Combs at number 12 on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $ 130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. He
16880-463: The Hit Factory between 1993 and 1994, Wallace released his debut studio album, Ready to Die , on September 13, 1994. Inspired by Snoop Dogg 's bold, violent, and darkly humorous hit records, Wallace sought to create a similar style with Ready to Die , infused with an East Coast influence. Wallace originally wanted to name the album The Teflon Don , drawing inspiration from John Gotti , who
17091-569: The Holy See, or the Apostolic See (meaning the see of the apostle Peter). Directly serving the pope is the Roman Curia, the central governing body that administers the day-to-day business of the Catholic Church. The pope is also sovereign of Vatican City, a small city-state entirely enclaved within the city of Rome, which is an entity distinct from the Holy See. It is as head of the Holy See, not as head of Vatican City State, that
17302-585: The Last Poets , which uses sarcasm, frustration, and humor to critique young Black people's lack of seriousness in the struggle for equality. In the track, vocalist Umar Bin Hassan delivers lines like "niggas will party and bullshit, and party and bullshit". Development on Wallace's first album began at Capoluongo's apartment in late 1992. Wallace appeared on Heavy D & the Boyz 's 1992 album Blue Funk , on
17513-551: The Lox joined Bad Boy just as a widely publicized rivalry between the East Coast and West Coast hip hop scenes was beginning. Combs and Wallace were criticized and parodied by Death Row Records cohorts Tupac Shakur and Suge Knight in songs and interviews during the mid-1990s. During 1994–1995, Combs produced several songs for TLC's CrazySexyCool , which finished the decade as number 25 on Billboard's list of top pop albums of
17724-517: The Notorious B.I.G. was killed on March 9, 1997. Several of the label's artists made guest appearances on the album. No Way Out was a significant success, particularly in the United States, where it reached number one on the Billboard 200 in its first week of release, selling 561,000 copies. The album produced five singles: " I'll Be Missing You ", a tribute to the Notorious B.I.G., was
17935-453: The Pope's insistence on public neutrality and diplomatic language has become a source of much criticism and debate. Nevertheless, in every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews. Israeli historian Pinchas Lapide estimated that Catholic rescue of Jews amounted to somewhere between 700,000 and 860,000 people. The Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church
18146-573: The Reformation, which gave birth to the great majority of Protestant denominations and also crypto-Protestantism within the Catholic Church. Meanwhile, Henry VIII petitioned Pope Clement VII for a declaration of nullity concerning his marriage to Catherine of Aragon . When this was denied, he had the Acts of Supremacy passed to make himself Supreme Head of the Church of England , spurring
18357-621: The Second World War, also because they had powerful supporters from the Vatican. The judgment of Pius XII is made more difficult by the sources, because the church archives for his tenure as nuncio, cardinal secretary of state and pope are in part closed or not yet processed. The Second Vatican Council (1962–65) introduced the most significant changes to Catholic practices since the Council of Trent, four centuries before. Initiated by Pope John XXIII, this ecumenical council modernized
18568-550: The Shawn Carter Scholarship Foundation. The Christopher Wallace Memorial Foundation hosts an annual black-tie charity event, "B.I.G. Night Out", to raise funds for children's educational resources. The acronym "B.I.G." is repurposed to stand for "Books Instead of Guns". In Brooklyn, Wallace's legacy is preserved through art and community efforts. A mural depicting Wallace can be found on Fulton Street, near his childhood neighborhood. In 2019,
18779-773: The UK on the following day. It reached number two on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top R&;B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, before being ousted the following week by Mary J. Blige's fourth album, Mary . The album received positive to mixed reviews from music critics and spawned three singles that have charted on the Billboard charts. It peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart , Combs's highest-charting album in that country. Combs changed his stage name from "Puff Daddy" to "P. Diddy" in 2001. The gospel album, Thank You , which had been completed just before
18990-403: The US and was supported by the single " Coming Home ". He released his fifth album, The Love Album: Off the Grid , thirteen years later: it received moderate critical and commercial response. He has worked as a producer for other media, including MTV 's reality series Making the Band . He launched the clothing retailer Sean John in 1998, for which he won Menswear Designer of the Year from
19201-441: The United States and Canada. On November 5, 2017, Combs announced that he would be going by the name Love, stating, "My new name is Love, aka Brother Love." Two days later, he told the press he had been joking, but on January 3, 2018, he announced on Jimmy Kimmel Live! that he had changed his mind again, and will be using the new name after all. The change became official in 2022. In 2019, Combs announced on Twitter that Making
19412-492: The Wallace estate featuring rare access and insights". It was executive-produced by Voletta and Combs. Notorious is a 2009 biographical film depicting the life and career of Wallace, starring rapper Jamal Woolard in the lead role. Directed by George Tillman Jr. and distributed by Fox Searchlight Pictures , the film was produced by his managers, Combs, Barrow, and Pitts, and his mother, Voletta. On January 16, 2009,
19623-586: The War, and established aid networks to help victims, but he secretly assisted the anti-Hitler resistance and shared intelligence with the Allies. His first encyclical Summi Pontificatus (1939) expressed dismay at the 1939 Invasion of Poland and reiterated Catholic teaching against racism. He expressed concern against race killings on Vatican Radio , and intervened diplomatically to attempt to block Nazi deportations of Jews in various countries from 1942 to 1944. But
19834-682: The Year, and Live Performer of the Year, while his debut album was named Album of the Year. He was also honored as Rap Artist of the Year at the Billboard Awards . In 1995, Wallace became embroiled in the East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry , which involved his now-former friend, Shakur. In an April 1995 interview with Vibe while serving time in Clinton Correctional Facility , Shakur accused Harrell, Combs, and Wallace of having prior knowledge of
20045-650: The [guy] running around all serious". I know so many niggas like him [...] so many rough, tough muthafuckas. When I heard he got shot, I was like, "He'll be out in the morning, smoking some weed, drinking Hennessy or whatever." You ain’t thinking he going to die. Wallace on Shakur's death On September 7, 1996, Shakur was shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas and died six days later . Because of Shakur's accusations in his records, Wallace, along with other New York rappers like Mobb Deep , Capone , and Noreaga , became suspects in his murder. In
20256-549: The age of sixteen due to his growing interest in drug dealing. In 1989, he was arrested in Brooklyn on weapons charges and sentenced to five years of probation. The following year, he was arrested for violating that probation. A year later, Wallace was arrested in North Carolina for dealing crack cocaine and spent nine months in jail before making bail. Early in his life, Wallace was influenced by Black artists like
20467-433: The album having sold two million copies at the time. With each CD priced at $ 15 (equivalent to $ 31 in 2023), the album should have generated approximately $ 30 million ($ 56 million in 2023) in revenue. Amid the rivalry between Wallace and Shakur, many speculated that " Who Shot Ya? ", released in late February 1995 as a secondary B-side to "Big Poppa", was intended to taunt Shakur. According to Lil' Cease,
20678-403: The album peaked at number 19 on the Billboard 200 . Critical responses to both the song and album were mixed to average. Despite Combs's signing with Motown, the album released was independently, with the label's name only present on promotional materials. During an interview with Billboard , Combs stated that: "[I]'m in a season of total independence. I had an experience with Motown where it
20889-575: The apostles, instructing them to continue his work. The book Acts of Apostles , tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. The Catholic Church teaches that its public ministry began on Pentecost , occurring fifty days following the date Christ is believed to have resurrected . At Pentecost, the apostles are believed to have received the Holy Spirit, preparing them for their mission in leading
21100-466: The apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in
21311-527: The areas under his control definitively established a form of caesaropapism , in which "he had the right and duty of regulating by his laws the minutest details of worship and discipline, and also of dictating the theological opinions to be held in the Church", re-established imperial power over Rome and other parts of the West, initiating the period termed the Byzantine Papacy (537–752), during which
21522-517: The beginning of the weapons trial, was due to be released in March that year, but remains unreleased as of 2023. He appeared as a drug dealer in the film, Made , and starred with Halle Berry , Heath Ledger , and Billy Bob Thornton in Monster's Ball (both in 2001). Combs began working with a series of atypical (for him) artists. For a short period of time, he was the manager of Kelis ; they have
21733-626: The bishops of Rome, or popes, required approval from the emperor in Constantinople or from his representative in Ravenna for consecration, and most were selected by the emperor from his Greek-speaking subjects, resulting in a "melting pot" of Western and Eastern Christian traditions in art as well as liturgy. Most of the Germanic tribes who in the following centuries invaded the Roman Empire had adopted Christianity in its Arian form, which
21944-610: The brand's GIRLS collection. Combs is the head of Combs Enterprises, an umbrella company for his portfolio of businesses. In addition to his clothing line, Combs owned two restaurants called Justin's, named after his son. The original New York location closed in September 2007; the Atlanta location closed in June 2012. He is the designer of the Dallas Mavericks alternate jersey. In October 2007, Combs agreed to help develop
22155-519: The campaign " Vote or Die " for the 2004 presidential election. On February 1, 2004, Combs performed at the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show . On August 16, 2005, Combs announced on Today that he was altering his stage name yet again; he would be calling himself "Diddy". Combs said fans did not know how to address him, which led to confusion. Combs starred in the 2005 film Carlito's Way: Rise to Power . He played Walter Lee Younger in
22366-590: The central figure in East Coast hip hop , helping to restore New York's prominence at a time when the West Coast was dominating the genre. In 1995, Wallace was named Rapper of the Year at the Billboard Music Awards . That same year, Wallace and his protégé group, Junior M.A.F.I.A. —which included longtime friends like Lil' Kim —released their debut album, Conspiracy (1995). While working on his second album in 1996, he became embroiled in
22577-422: The chart. His second and third albums, Forever (1999) and The Saga Continues... (2001), reached number two on the Billboard 200, while his fourth, Press Play (2006), reached atop the chart. In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money with R&B singers Kalenna Harper and Dawn Richard to release the collaborative album Last Train to Paris (2010), which peaked at number seven in
22788-496: The church's approach to ecumenism , and a call to improved relations with non-Christian religions, especially Judaism, in its document Nostra aetate . The council, however, generated significant controversy in implementing its reforms: proponents of the " Spirit of Vatican II " such as Swiss theologian Hans Küng said that Vatican II had "not gone far enough" to change church policies. Traditionalist Catholics , such as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre , however, strongly criticized
22999-466: The church's global reach continued to grow, despite the rise of anti-Catholic authoritarian regimes and the collapse of European Empires, accompanied by a general decline in religious observance in the West. Under Popes Benedict XV , and Pius XII , the Holy See sought to maintain public neutrality through the World Wars, acting as peace broker and delivering aid to the victims of the conflicts. In
23210-687: The church. Of its seven sacraments , the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by a priest , the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin , Mother of God , and Queen of Heaven ; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions . Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for
23421-592: The church. The Catholic Church teaches that the college of bishops , led by the bishop of Rome are the successors to the Apostles. In the account of the Confession of Peter found in the Gospel of Matthew , Christ designates Peter as the "rock" upon which Christ's church will be built. The Catholic Church considers the bishop of Rome, the pope, to be the successor to Saint Peter . Some scholars state Peter
23632-422: The church. There are three levels of clergy: the episcopate, composed of bishops who hold jurisdiction over a geographic area called a diocese or eparchy ; the presbyterate, composed of priests ordained by bishops and who work in local dioceses or religious orders; and the diaconate, composed of deacons who assist bishops and priests in a variety of ministerial roles. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church
23843-430: The college in 1982. He excelled in English at Queen of All Saints Middle School . He attended Westinghouse High School , a public school attended by several future celebrities, including Jay-Z and Busta Rhymes . While attending Westinghouse High School, Wallace weighed 91 kilograms (201 lb), which earned him the nickname "Big". During this period, his interest in drug dealing intensified, being influenced by
24054-498: The comedy film Get Him to the Greek , as Sergio Roma, a record company executive. An Entourage series representative announced that Combs would guest star on an episode during the 2010 season. Recruiting singers Dawn Richard and Kalenna Harper , Combs formed the female duo Diddy – Dirty Money in 2009. The trio's first and only album, Last Train to Paris , was released by Interscope Records on December 13, 2010. The release
24265-867: The conflict. Catholic clergy played a leading role in the government of the fascist Slovak State , which collaborated with the Nazis, copied their anti-Semitic policies, and helped them carry out the Holocaust in Slovakia. Jozef Tiso , the President of the Slovak State and a Catholic priest, supported his government's deportation of Slovakian Jews to extermination camps. The Vatican protested against these Jewish deportations in Slovakia and in other Nazi puppet regimes including Vichy France , Croatia, Bulgaria , Italy and Hungary. Around 1943, Adolf Hitler planned
24476-607: The corner of Fulton Street and St. James Place was renamed in his honor. Wallace's image and persona inspired elements of the Marvel Cinematic Universe 's portrayal of Cornell "Cottonmouth" Stokes in the Netflix series Luke Cage . In August 2020, Wallace's son, C.J. Wallace, released a house remix of "Big Poppa". The 2021 Netflix documentary Biggie: I Got a Story to Tell explores Wallace's life before fame, and features "unprecedented access granted by
24687-522: The council, arguing that its liturgical reforms led "to the destruction of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the sacraments", among other issues. The teaching on the morality of contraception also came under scrutiny; after a series of disagreements, Humanae vitae upheld the church's prohibition of all forms of contraception. In 1978, Pope John Paul II , formerly Archbishop of Kraków in
24898-532: The day. He could not recall the date of the session but said it was likely not the night Shakur was shot. "We would have heard about it", Mr. Alfred said. Wayne Barrow , Wallace's co-manager at the time, stated that Wallace was recording the track " Nasty Girl " on the night Shakur was shot. Shortly after Shakur's death, Wallace met with Snoop Dogg , who recalled that Wallace played him the song "Somebody's Gotta Die", which mentioned Snoop Dogg. During their meeting, Wallace expressed that he never hated Shakur. During
25109-455: The decade. In 1996, under the name Puff Daddy, Combs released his first commercial vocal work as a rapper. His debut single, " Can't Nobody Hold Me Down ", spent 28 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number one. His debut album, No Way Out , was released on July 22, 1997, through Bad Boy Records. Originally titled Hell up in Harlem , the album underwent several changes after
25320-517: The definitive account of the Shakur slaying". Wallace's family denied the report, providing documents that claimed he was in New Jersey at the time of the incident. The New York Times called the documents inconclusive, stating: The pages purport to be three computer printouts from Daddy's House, indicating that Wallace was in the studio recording a song called "Nasty Boy" on the night Shakur
25531-644: The department store Macy's removed Sean John jackets from their shelves when they discovered that the clothing was made using raccoon dog fur. Combs had not known the jackets were made with genuine fur, but as soon as he was alerted, he had production stopped. In November 2008, Combs added a men's perfume line "I Am King" to the Sean John brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama , Muhammad Ali , and Martin Luther King Jr. , featured Bar Refaeli in its advertising. In early 2016, Sean John introduced
25742-495: The development of the role of the papacy in the subsequent church". These roles, Brown says, "contributed enormously to seeing the bishop of Rome, the bishop of the city where Peter died and where Paul witnessed the truth of Christ, as the successor of Peter in care for the church universal". Conditions in the Roman Empire facilitated the spread of new ideas. The empire's network of roads and waterways facilitated travel, and
25953-554: The driving force behind the Counter-Reformation in response to the Protestant movement. Doctrinally, it reaffirmed central Catholic teachings such as transubstantiation and the requirement for love and hope as well as faith to attain salvation. In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world, in part through missionaries and imperialism , although its hold on European populations declined due to
26164-735: The eighth-century Gregory III . Francis has made efforts to further close Catholicism's estrangement with the Eastern churches. His installation was attended by Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the first time since the Great Schism of 1054 that the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople has attended a papal installation, while he also met Patriarch Kirill of Moscow , head of
26375-698: The empire's capital. As a result of Islamic domination of the Mediterranean , the Frankish state, centred away from that sea, was able to evolve as the dominant power that shaped the Western Europe of the Middle Ages. The battles of Toulouse and Poitiers halted the Islamic advance in the West and the failed siege of Constantinople halted it in the East. Two or three decades later, in 751,
26586-562: The events, Wallace spoke of a desire to focus on his "peace of mind" and his family and friends. The development of Life After Death concluded in January 1997 for a March 25 release. In February 1997, Wallace traveled to California to promote Life After Death . On the morning of February 15, Wallace began preparations for the day's work. He had arrived in Los Angeles two weeks before the Soul Train Music Awards to film
26797-534: The few young male songwriters in any pop style writing credible love songs". In the book How to Rap , rapper Guerilla Black highlighted Wallace's ability to "glorify the upper echelon" while also making listeners "feel his struggle". According to The New York Times journalist Touré , Wallace's lyrics "[mixed] autobiographical details about crime and violence with emotional honesty". Another writer for The New York Times , Michel Marriott, noted in 1997 that his lyrics were not entirely autobiographical, as he had
27008-526: The film's debut at the Grand 18 theater in Greensboro, North Carolina , was delayed after a shooting occurred in the parking lot before the screening. The film grossed $ 44.4 million worldwide with a $ 20 million budget, and received mixed reviews from critics. In October 2007, open casting calls began for the role of Wallace, attracting actors, rappers, and aspiring performers. Beanie Sigel auditioned but
27219-455: The final breach. In this age great gothic cathedrals in France were an expression of popular pride in the Christian faith. In the early 13th century mendicant orders were founded by Francis of Assisi and Dominic de Guzmán . The studia conventualia and studia generalia of the mendicant orders played a large role in the transformation of church-sponsored cathedral schools and palace schools, such as that of Charlemagne at Aachen , into
27430-570: The first rap song to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100; it remained at the top of the chart for 11 consecutive weeks and topped several other charts worldwide. Four other singles—"Can't Nobody Hold Me Down", " It's All About the Benjamins ", " Been Around the World ", and " Victory "—were also released. Combs collaborated with Jimmy Page on the song " Come with Me " for the 1998 film Godzilla . The album earned Combs five nominations at
27641-428: The following months, with several claimants alleging incidents of sexual assault and abuse by Combs between 1991 and 2009. In March 2024, several properties tied to Combs were raided by the Department of Homeland Security and that September, he was charged with sex trafficking and racketeering . He pled not guilty and was twice denied bail . He is currently detained at the Metropolitan Detention Center and his trial
27852-420: The former saw as "his way of marketing himself". In 1994, Wallace formed the hip hop group Junior M.A.F.I.A. , which included many of his childhood friends, such as Lil' Kim and Lil' Cease. The name is a backronym for "Masters at Finding Intelligent Attitudes". Around the time of the album's release, Wallace formed a friendship with fellow rapper Tupac Shakur in Los Angeles . Lil' Cease remembered
28063-412: The front passenger seat alongside associates Damion "D-Roc" Butler, Lil' Cease, and driver Gregory "G-Money" Young. Combs traveled in the other Suburban with three bodyguards. The two trucks were trailed by a Chevrolet Blazer carrying Bad Boy director of security Paul Offord. Soon after Wallace's Suburban stopped at the red light, a black Chevrolet Impala pulled up to the right side of the car Wallace
28274-498: The funeral, including Lil' Cease, Queen Latifah , Flavor Flav , Mary J. Blige , Lil' Kim , Run-D.M.C. , DJ Kool Herc , Busta Rhymes , Salt-N-Pepa , DJ Spinderella , Foxy Brown , and Sister Souljah . David Dinkins and Clive Davis also attended the funeral. After the funeral, his body was cremated at the Fresh Pond Crematory in Fresh Pond, Queens , and the ashes were given to his family. Sixteen days after his death, Wallace's second studio album, Life After Death ,
28485-430: The greatest rappers of all time, AllMusic described Wallace as "the savior of East Coast hip-hop". The Source named him the greatest rapper of all time in its 150th issue in March 2002. MTV ranked him No. 3 on their 2006 list of The Greatest MCs of All Time, calling him potentially "the most skillful ever on the mic". In 2012, he was listed on The Source 's Top 50 Lyrical Leaders. Rolling Stone hailed him as
28696-495: The growing East Coast–West Coast hip hop feud . After Tupac Shakur was murdered in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas in September 1996, rumors circulated suggesting that criminal elements connected to the Bad Boy camp might have been involved, given Wallace's public feud with Shakur. On March 9, 1997, six months after Shakur's death, Wallace was also killed in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles by an unknown assailant. Two weeks later, his second album, Life After Death (1997),
28907-403: The growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment. From the 17th century onward, the Enlightenment questioned the power and influence of the Catholic Church over Western society. In the 18th century, writers such as Voltaire and the Encyclopédistes wrote biting critiques of both religion and the Catholic Church. One target of their criticism was the 1685 revocation of
29118-404: The independence of papal office by abolishing the veto of Catholic powers in papal elections, and his successors Benedict XV (1914–1922) and Pius XI (1922–1939) concluded the modern independence of the Vatican State within Italy. Benedict XV was elected at the outbreak of the First World War . He attempted to mediate between the powers and established a Vatican relief office, to assist victims of
29329-440: The kidnapping of the Pope and his internment in Germany. He gave SS General Wolff a corresponding order to prepare for the action. While Pope Pius XII has been credited with helping to save hundreds of thousands of Jews during the Holocaust , the church has also been accused of having encouraged centuries of antisemitism by its teachings and not doing enough to stop Nazi atrocities. Many Nazi criminals escaped overseas after
29540-466: The largest Eastern Orthodox church, in 2016; this was reported as the first such high-level meeting between the two churches since the Great Schism of 1054. In 2017 during a visit in Egypt , Pope Francis reestablished mutual recognition of baptism with the Coptic Orthodox Church . The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity , led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within
29751-428: The late 16th century. Further, some will refer to the Latin Church as Roman Catholic in distinction from the Eastern Catholic churches. "Roman Catholic" has occasionally appeared also in documents produced both by the Holy See, and notably used by certain national episcopal conferences and local dioceses. The name Catholic Church for the whole church is used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1990) and
29962-529: The lyricist says he "didn't come to hear P. Diddy", which is rhymed with "something thumpin' from the city". In 2006, when Combs refused to release rapper Mase from his contractual obligations with Bad Boy to allow him to join the group G-Unit , 50 Cent recorded a diss song, "Hip-Hop". The lyrics imply that Combs knew the identity of the Notorious B.I.G. 's murderer. The two resolved the feud, but it resurfaced in later years. Combs released his first album in four years, Press Play , on October 17, 2006, on
30173-577: The mid-6th century by Emperor Justinian I as the pentarchy of Rome, Constantinople , Antioch , Jerusalem and Alexandria . In 451 the Council of Chalcedon , in a canon of disputed validity, elevated the see of Constantinople to a position "second in eminence and power to the bishop of Rome". From c. 350 – c. 500 , the bishops, or popes, of Rome, steadily increased in authority through their consistent intervening in support of orthodox leaders in theological disputes, which encouraged appeals to them. Emperor Justinian , who in
30384-408: The music business. Acts who got their start this way include Da Band , Danity Kane , Day26 , and Donnie Klang . In 2003, Combs ran in the New York City Marathon , raising $ 2 million for the educational system of the city of New York. On March 10, 2004, he appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show to discuss the marathon, which he finished in four hours and eighteen minutes. In 2004, Combs headed
30595-404: The music industry to focus on acting. On May 20, 2016, Combs launched a tour of Bad Boy Records ' biggest names to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the label. The documentary Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story , covering the two shows at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn as well as behind-the-scenes events, was released on June 23, 2017. The show toured to an additional twenty venues across
30806-435: The new colonies. In 1521 the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan made the first Catholic converts in the Philippines . Elsewhere, Portuguese missionaries under the Spanish Jesuit Francis Xavier evangelized in India, China, and Japan. The French colonization of the Americas beginning in the 16th century established a Catholic francophone population and forbade non-Catholics to settle in Quebec . In 1415, Jan Hus
31017-458: The numerous visual artists sponsored by the church. Historian Paul Legutko of Stanford University said the Catholic Church is "at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws, and institutions which constitute what we call Western civilization ". In Western Christendom , the first universities in Europe were established by monks. Beginning in the 11th century, several older cathedral schools became universities, such as
31228-406: The oldest multinational organization in the world. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is headed by the pope, currently Pope Francis , who was elected on 13 March 2013 by a papal conclave . The office of the pope is known as the papacy . The Catholic Church holds that Christ instituted the papacy upon giving the keys of Heaven to Saint Peter . His ecclesiastical jurisdiction is called
31439-481: The other children. Three months before Wallace's third birthday, his father left the family, leaving his mother to raise him while working two jobs. Wallace grew up in Brooklyn's Clinton Hill , near the border of Bedford-Stuyvesant . As a child, Wallace spent most of his time in Fulton Avenue , where he was introduced to drug dealing , alcoholism , and gambling . Raised as a Jehovah's Witness , Wallace attended St. Peter Claver Church in Brooklyn, graduating from
31650-536: The pleasure principle back to hip-hop". AllMusic noted "a sense of doom" in some of his songs, while Jon Pareles of The New York Times described a thread of paranoia in others. Wallace himself stated that he felt "broke and depressed" while creating his debut album. The final track on Ready to Die , "Suicidal Thoughts", portrays a character contemplating and ultimately committing suicide. On his follow-up album, Life After Death , Wallace's lyrics delved even "deeper", as observed by Rolling Stone . Krims observed that
31861-448: The pope receives ambassadors of states and sends them his own diplomatic representatives. The Holy See also confers orders, decorations and medals , such as the orders of chivalry originating from the Middle Ages . While the famous Saint Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City, above the traditional site of Saint Peter's tomb , the papal cathedral for the Diocese of Rome is the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran , located within
32072-412: The practices of the Catholic Church, allowing the Mass to be said in the vernacular (local language) and encouraging "fully conscious, and active participation in liturgical celebrations". It intended to engage the church more closely with the present world ( aggiornamento ), which was described by its advocates as an "opening of the windows". In addition to changes in the liturgy, it led to changes to
32283-683: The preservation and transmission of ancient culture. During this period, monastic Ireland became a centre of learning and early Irish missionaries such as Columbanus and Columba spread Christianity and established monasteries across continental Europe. The Catholic Church was the dominant influence on Western civilization from Late Antiquity to the dawn of the modern age. It was the primary sponsor of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Mannerist and Baroque styles in art, architecture and music. Renaissance figures such as Raphael , Michelangelo , Leonardo da Vinci , Botticelli , Fra Angelico , Tintoretto , Titian , Bernini and Caravaggio are examples of
32494-416: The press that she was collaborating with Combs on the ultimately-cancelled album No Way Out 2 , a sequel to his 1997 debut. She describes the music as unique: "The mindset is to just be classic and to be epic. And to really live up to that ... we know it's a tall order, but we welcome the challenge." In April 2016, Combs announced that after this album and its accompanying tour, he planned to retire from
32705-405: The prominent universities of Europe. Scholastic theologians and philosophers such as the Dominican priest Thomas Aquinas studied and taught at these studia. Aquinas' Summa Theologica was an intellectual milestone in its synthesis of the legacy of ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle with the content of Christian revelation. A growing sense of church-state conflicts marked
32916-442: The record alternates between upbeat, dance-oriented tracks and gritty "reality rap," reflecting a thematic shift toward a more "pimp" persona. XXL Mag noted that Wallace "revamped his image" between the two albums, evolving from a "mid-level hustler" on his debut to a " drug lord " on his sophomore effort. AllMusic credited Wallace's storytelling ability as a key factor in the success of Ready to Die . Widely regarded as one of
33127-426: The recording of his second album, Life After Death , Wallace and Lil' Cease were arrested for public marijuana use, resulting in the repossession of their car. Wallace opted to rent a Chevrolet Lumina , despite Lil' Cease's concerns about its faulty brakes. The car ultimately crashed into a rail, breaking Wallace's left leg and fracturing Lil' Cease's jaw. Wallace spent months in the hospital, initially confined to
33338-411: The role of lawyer Derek Powell. Combs created a rap supergroup in 2010 known as the Dream Team. The group consists of Combs, Rick Ross , DJ Khaled , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Red Café , and Fabolous . Combs made an appearance at comedian Chris Gethard 's live show in January 2010 at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in New York City. In June 2010, Combs played a role, credited as Sean Combs, in
33549-481: The schism was reconciled, unresolved issues would lead to further division. In the 11th century, the efforts of Hildebrand of Sovana led to the creation of the College of Cardinals to elect new popes, starting with Pope Alexander II in the papal election of 1061 . When Alexander II died, Hildebrand was elected to succeed him, as Pope Gregory VII . The basic election system of the College of Cardinals which Gregory VII helped establish has continued to function into
33760-569: The sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy . The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges , hospitals , and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations. The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy , culture , art , literature , music , law , and science . Catholics live all over
33971-404: The single "Victory". The album's most prominent track, " I'll Be Missing You ", featuring Combs, Evans, and 112, was dedicated to Wallace's memory. At the 1998 Grammy Awards , Life After Death and its first two singles—"Hypnotize" and "Mo Money Mo Problems"—received nominations in the rap category. Combs' No Way Out won Best Rap Album, while "I'll Be Missing You" won Best Rap Performance by
34182-483: The singles " Nasty Girl " and " Spit Your Game ". "Nasty Girl" features Combs, Nelly , Jagged Edge and Avery Storm , and "Spit Your Game" includes guest appearances from Krayzie Bone , Twista , and 8Ball & MJG . The album peaked at No. 3 on Billboard 200, while "Nasty Girl" peaked at No. 44 on the Hot 100. Combs and Voletta both stated Duets: The Final Chapter would be the last album primarily featuring new material. A compilation album , Greatest Hits ,
34393-504: The song was not intended to be a comment on the shooting, stating, "He knew that song wasn't about him [...] he was around at that time". Lil' Cease stated that the song was an introduction for Mary J. Blige's second album , however, "the shit was too hard, so Big kept it and said, 'I'm gonna put it out'". In June 1995, Wallace worked with pop singer Michael Jackson on the album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I . Lil' Cease claimed that when Wallace met Michael Jackson, he
34604-425: The songs for Life After Death . The following month, Junior M.A.F.I.A. member Lil' Kim released her debut album Hard Core . Lil' Kim described herself as Wallace's "biggest fan" and referred to herself as "his pride and joy". In a 2012 interview, Lil' Kim revealed that Wallace stopped her from recording a remix of Jodeci 's single " Love U 4 Life " by locking her in a room. According to Kim, Wallace told her she
34815-513: The start of tracks such as "Hypnotize" and "Big Poppa". Lateef of Latyrx described Wallace as having "intense and complex flows", while Onyx 's Fredro Starr called him "a master of the flow". Bishop Lamont praised Wallace's ability to capture "all the hemispheres of the music". Wallace often employed single-line rhyme schemes to bring variety and depth to his flow. Big Daddy Kane noted that Wallace did not need an extensive vocabulary to impress; instead, he "just put his words together
35026-402: The success of his first signee, the Notorious B.I.G., for whom he served as manager and hype man . Combs's debut studio album, No Way Out (1997), peaked atop the Billboard 200 and has sold over 7 million copies in the US. Two of its lead singles, " Can't Nobody Hold Me Down " and " I'll Be Missing You ", topped the Billboard Hot 100 —the latter was the first hip hop song to debut atop
35237-521: The term "bishop of Rome" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis protestant scholars Oscar Cullmann , Henry Chadwick , and Bart D. Ehrman question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy. Raymond E. Brown also says that it is anachronistic to speak of Peter in terms of local bishop of Rome, but that Christians of that period would have looked on Peter as having "roles that would contribute in an essential way to
35448-447: The top 20 on the Hot 100. By the end of the year, Wallace had become the top-selling male solo artist and rapper on both the U.S. pop and R&B charts. In July 1995, Wallace appeared on the cover of The Source with the caption "The King of New York Takes Over," a nod to his alias Frank White, inspired by the character from the 1990 film King of New York . At The Source Awards in August 1995, he won Best New Artist, Lyricist of
35659-521: The top of his class. Soon after he was fired, Combs started his own record, Bad Boy Records , and took Wallace with him. Combs discovered that Wallace continued dealing drugs and insisted he stop. When Wallace found out the name Biggie Smalls was already taken, he adopted a new moniker, settling on the Notorious B.I.G. Wallace explained that the acronym "B.I.G." stood for "Business Instead of Game". Combs and Clive Davis , then CEO of Arista Records , reached an agreement in which Davis provided Combs with
35870-444: The track "A Buncha Niggas". In July 1993—a month before Wallace's first child was born—Combs was fired from Uptown Records by his mentor Andre Harrell , resulting in the loss of access to the songs recorded at that time. Jan gave birth to T'yanna Dream Wallace on August 8, 1993. Wallace promised his daughter "everything she wanted," believing that if he had experienced the same support in his own childhood, he would have graduated at
36081-399: The track in the "Unsigned Hype" section in March 1992, a chart dedicated to showcasing promising rappers. That year, Wallace started gaining exposure; after reading the "Unsigned Hype" section, Sean "Puffy" Combs arranged to meet him. Combs connected Wallace to rhyme on the remix of Mary J. Blige 's hit " Real Love ". In 1992, Wallace's girlfriend, Jan Jackson, became pregnant, and he
36292-412: The two as being very close, often traveling together when they were not working. He noted that Wallace frequently visited Shakur's home, and they spent time together whenever Shakur was in California or Washington, D.C. Yukmouth , an Oakland emcee, stated that Wallace's style was influenced by Shakur. Wallace also befriended basketball player Shaquille O'Neal . O'Neal said they were introduced during
36503-427: The urgent request of Pope Stephen, the Frankish king Pepin the Short conquered the Lombards. He then gifted the lands of the former exarchate to the pope, thus initiating the Papal States . Rome and the Byzantine East would delve into further conflict during the Photian schism of the 860s, when Photius criticized the Latin west of adding of the filioque clause after being excommunicated by Nicholas I . Though
36714-422: The video for his album's lead single, " Hypnotize ". The three-day shoot, with a budget of $ 700,000, was both a promotional effort and a statement of his return to the music scene. "Hypnotize" was officially released on March 4, 1997, debuting at the Billboard Hot 100 at number two, just behind Combs' " Can't Nobody Hold Me Down ", and later reached number one. After production of the video had ended, Wallace
36925-423: The war and reunite families. The interwar Pope Pius XI modernized the papacy, appointing 40 indigenous bishops and concluding fifteen concordats, including the Lateran Treaty with Italy which founded the Vatican City State . His successor Pope Pius XII led the Catholic Church through the Second World War and early Cold War . Like his predecessors, Pius XII sought to publicly maintain Vatican neutrality in
37136-463: The world . The pope , who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome , known as the Holy See , is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia , has its principal offices in Vatican City , which is a small, independent city-state and enclave within the city of Rome , of which the pope is head of state . The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in
37347-418: The world through missions , immigration , diaspora , and conversions . Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Global South , partially due to secularization in Europe and North America. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope . Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431,
37558-475: Was "not gonna go do no song with them", likely due to Jodeci's association with Shakur and Death Row Records. While working on Life After Death , Wallace began to lose weight, losing around 30 pounds (14 kg), according to his mother. I called this album Life After Death because when I was writing things like "Fuck the world, fuck my mom, and my girl," There was nothing but anger coming out about everything: about having to go out to sell crack, to hustle for
37769-445: Was a business major at Howard University , but left after his second year. Combs became an intern at New York's Uptown Records in 1990. While working as a talent director at Uptown, under the guidance of label founder Andre Harrell , he helped develop Jodeci and Mary J. Blige . In his college days, Combs had a reputation for throwing parties, some of which attracted up to a thousand participants. Usher , who lived with Combs for
37980-427: Was a major factor in preserving classical civilization , with its art (see Illuminated manuscript ) and literacy. Through his Rule , Benedict of Nursia ( c. 480 –543), one of the founders of Western monasticism , exerted an enormous influence on European culture through the appropriation of the monastic spiritual heritage of the early Catholic Church and, with the spread of the Benedictine tradition, through
38191-447: Was arrested at his home in Teaneck, New Jersey , on drug and weapons possession charges. At the Soul Train Music Awards in 1996, "One More Chance (Remix)" was nominated for Song of the Year and received the R&B/Soul or Rap Song of the Year award in the same year. In June 1996, Shakur released " Hit 'Em Up ". A diss track directed towards Wallace and other East Coast rappers, Shakur claimed to have had an affair with Evans, who
38402-413: Was at its most intense in Poland , and Catholic resistance to Nazism took various forms. Some 2,579 Catholic clergy were sent to the Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp , including 400 Germans. Thousands of priests, nuns and brothers were imprisoned, taken to a concentration camp, tortured and murdered, including Saints Maximilian Kolbe and Edith Stein . Catholics fought on both sides in
38613-402: Was born at the Cumberland Hospital in Brooklyn, New York , on May 21, 1972. Wallace was the only child of Jamaican immigrant parents; his mother, Voletta Wallace, was a preschool teacher, while his father, Selwyn George Latore, was a welder and politician. At the age of five, he was attending preschool at Quincy-Lexington Open Door Day Care Center, where he was already bigger than most of
38824-404: Was born in 1993 to fashion designer and stylist Misa Hylton . He attended UCLA on a football scholarship and graduated in 2016. Combs had an on-again, off-again relationship with Kimberly Porter (1970–2018), which lasted from 1994 to 2007. He raised and adopted Quincy , born 1991, Porter's son from a previous relationship with singer-producer and Combs's rival, Al B. Sure! . Together, they had
39035-529: Was burned at the stake for heresy, but his reform efforts encouraged Martin Luther , an Augustinian friar in modern-day Germany, who sent his Ninety-five Theses to several bishops in 1517. His theses protested key points of Catholic doctrine as well as the sale of indulgences , and along with the Leipzig Debate this led to his excommunication in 1521. In Switzerland , Huldrych Zwingli , John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers further criticized Catholic teachings. These challenges developed into
39246-486: Was certified Gold on the RIAA ratings. On September 18, 2007, Combs teamed up with 50 Cent and Jay-Z for the " Forbes I Get Money Billion Dollar Remix". In June 2008, Combs's representative denied rumors of another name change. Combs ventured into reality television in August 2008 with the premiere of his VH1 series I Want to Work for Diddy . He appeared—credited under his real name—in two episodes of Season 7 of CSI: Miami : "Presumed Guilty" and "Sink or Swim", in
39457-411: Was disrupted by injuries, legal issues, and the publicized hip hop feud between Wallace and Shakur. In 1996, Wallace began an affair with Lil' Kim, during which she became pregnant but later decided to abort the child. Wallace also started a relationship with Charli Baltimore , a Philadelphia native who portrayed Evans in the "Get Money" music video. Although Wallace shared his plans to include her in
39668-694: Was estranged from Wallace at the time, and accused Wallace of copying his style and image. Described as "manic", "Hit 'Em Up" disses Wallace, Combs, and their associates, including Junior M.A.F.I.A., Evans, and Bad Boy Records. In 1996, Wallace collaborated with rising rapper Jay-Z on his debut album, Reasonable Doubt , recording a duet titled "Brooklyn's Finest". The track used humor to address speculation surrounding Wallace and Shakur: "If Faith has twins, she'll probably have two Pacs. Get it? Tu ... Pac's." According to Wallace, humor had always been his way of coping with hardship since elementary school, explaining, "I gotta make jokes about it [...] I can't be
39879-406: Was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century. The first known use of the phrase "the catholic church" ( Greek : καθολικὴ ἐκκλησία , romanized : katholikḕ ekklēsía ) occurred in the letter written about 110 AD from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans , which read: "Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there let the people be, even as where Jesus may be, there
40090-482: Was in shock [...] and it's fair to say he was probably afraid". Wallace expressed regret over Shakur's death but declined to attend his funeral when asked by a friend. He explained his decision by saying, "[Shakur] made my life miserable [...] he told lies, fucked with my marriage, [and] turned [my] fans against me". The Los Angeles Times editor Mark Duvoisin stated that "Philips' story has withstood all challenges to its accuracy, [...] [and] remains
40301-404: Was in. The Impala's driver, described as an unidentified African-American man in a blue suit and bow tie, rolled down his window, drew a 9-millimetre (0.35 in) blue-steel pistol , and fired at Wallace's vehicle. Wallace was struck by four bullets. His entourage rushed him to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , where an emergency thoracotomy was performed, but he was pronounced dead at 1:15 a.m. He
40512-475: Was issued as a posthumous double album; it debuted atop the Billboard 200 , yielded two Billboard Hot 100 -number one singles: " Hypnotize " and " Mo Money Mo Problems " (featuring Puff Daddy and Mase ), and received diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). With two posthumous albums released, Wallace's certified U.S. sales exceed 28 million copies, including 21 million albums. Rolling Stone called him
40723-410: Was largely resolved in 1415–17 at the Council of Constance , with the claimants in Rome and Pisa agreeing to resign and the third claimant excommunicated by the cardinals, who held a new election naming Martin V pope. In 1438, the Council of Florence convened, which featured a strong dialogue focussed on understanding the theological differences between the East and West, with the hope of reuniting
40934-441: Was like, 'I've come too far to ask somebody that isn't where I'm from about cultural and artistic things. If I'm going to bet on anybody, I'm going to bet on the people I believe in.' So I decided to go independent with Love Records and Bad Boy. I decided to come back into the game with bolder ideas of ownership, distribution and future manufacturing because those are the things that we as a people are cut out of." The Love Album: Off
41145-466: Was made to stay behind, with Wallace explaining that he didn’t "trust Michael with kids" due to the 1993 child sexual abuse allegations against Jackson . The engineer John Van Nest recalled that Wallace was excited to meet Jackson and was nearly brought to tears when it happened. Wallace began recording his second studio album in late 1995, working on it over the course of eighteen months in New York City, Trinidad , and Los Angeles . The recording process
41356-481: Was not selected, while Sean Kingston expressed interest in the role, though producers denied his involvement. Ultimately, Woolard was cast as Wallace, and Wallace's son, C. J., portrayed his father. To accompany the film, Bad Boy Records released a soundtrack album on January 13, 2009, featuring many of Wallace's prominent tracks such as "Hypnotize" and "Juicy". Catholic Church God Schools Relations with: The Catholic Church , also known as
41567-404: Was only included on its expanded edition. On August 22, 2023, Combs released a teaser trailer on social media for his fifth studio album The Love Album: Off the Grid , which was released on September 15, 2023. Coinciding with its release was the lead single " Another One of Me " (with the Weeknd , French Montana and 21 Savage ). The song peaked at number 87 on the Billboard Hot 100, while
41778-596: Was preceded by four singles: " Angels ", " Hello Good Morning ", " Loving You No More ", and " Coming Home ", each saw mixed success on the Billboard Hot 100 , although the latter peaked at number 11 on the U.S. Hot 100, number four in the UK, and number seven in Canada. Combs produced the group, and often performed with them. On March 10, 2011, Diddy and Dirty Money performed "Coming Home" live on American Idol . On April 18, 2011, Combs appeared in season one of Hawaii Five-0 , guest starring as an undercover NYPD detective. In November 2012, Combs appeared in an episode of
41989-532: Was released on March 25, 1997. The album achieved four-time platinum certification and became the highest-selling release of the year, tying with MC Hammer 's Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em as one of the best-selling rap albums of all time. Life After Death debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 . It had briefly appeared earlier at No. 176 due to street-date violations. The follow-up single of "Hypnotize", " Mo Money Mo Problems ", featuring Combs and Mase , became Wallace's biggest chart success, reaching No. 1 on
42200-480: Was released on March 6, 2007—three days before the tenth anniversary of Wallace's death. It included tracks like "Juicy" and "Big Poppa", but was criticized by AllMusic for not containing hits like "Mo Money Mo Problems" and " Going Back to Cali ". The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. On May 19, 2017, The King & I , a duet album featuring Evans and Wallace, was released, showcasing mostly unreleased tracks. The album peaked at No. 65 on
42411-591: Was released via Undeas Recordings . It achieved gold certification and sold over 500,000 copies. The first single, " Player's Anthem ", features Wallace, Lil' Kim, and Lil' Cease, and was produced by Clark Kent . The third single, " Get Money ", a battle-of-the-sexes track featuring Wallace and Lil' Kim, became their most popular song. "Player's Anthem" and "Get Money" also earned gold and platinum status, respectively. Wallace continued collaborating with R&B artists, working with groups like 112 on " Only You " and Total on " Can't You See ", both of which reached
42622-521: Was released. The full version of the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his former stage name Puff Daddy for the album. MMM was released as a free mixtape album of 12 tracks on November 4, 2015. In July 2014, Combs and Israeli record producer Guy Gerber released the collaborative album, 11:11 as a free download . On June 29, 2015, Combs released the single " Finna Get Loose ", which featured vocals and production by Pharrell Williams . In July 2015, Bad Boy Entertainment signee Gizzle told
42833-540: Was serving a life sentence for unrelated crimes, claimed responsibility for the attack on Shakur that night, stating that the robbery was orchestrated by entertainment executive and former drug trafficker James Rosemond . After his release from prison, Shakur signed with Death Row Records in October 1995. This made Bad Boy Records and Death Row business rivals, further escalating the conflict between Shakur and Wallace. In October 1995, Wallace revealed that he still had not received any earnings from Ready to Die , despite
43044-404: Was shot. They indicate that Wallace "wrote half the session", was "in and out/sat around" and "laid down a ref", shorthand for a reference vocal, the equivalent of a first take. But nothing indicates when the documents were created. And Louis Alfred, the recording engineer listed on the sheets, said in an interview that he remembered recording the song with Wallace in a late-night session, not during
43255-423: Was signed to Uptown Records in March by Combs. Wallace's first chance to record a solo track for Uptown Records, rather than featuring on another artist's remix, came in 1993 when Combs was creating a song for the soundtrack of the hip hop comedy Who's the Man? . The song was " Party and Bullshit ", produced by the Brooklyn-based Easy Mo Bee . The song was heavily inspired by "When the Revolution Comes" by
43466-416: Was the first bishop of Rome. Others say that the institution of the papacy is not dependent on the idea that Peter was bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome. Many scholars hold that a church structure of plural presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied
43677-542: Was the last studio album released by the joint venture. The album reached number two on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts and was eventually certified Platinum. It is the only studio album under the P. Diddy name, and the first album by Sean Combs not to feature any guest appearances by Jay-Z or Lil' Kim. Combs was executive producer of the reality TV show, Making the Band , which appeared on MTV from 2002 to 2009. The show involves interviewing candidates and creating musical acts that would then enter
43888-469: Was then making headlines for his ability to avoid legal troubles. Combs disagreed, arguing that the title should make an impact in a way that would "represent for the masses". Wallace agreed to follow Combs' decision, and the two conceived the name Ready to Die . Ready to Die reached No. 13 on the Billboard 200 chart, sold 500,000 copies in its first week, and certified four times platinum . The album shifted attention back to East Coast hip hop at
44099-439: Was to record his vocals for Combs' upcoming album, Hell Up in Harlem ; following the former's death, the album was retitled No Way Out . He was scheduled to feature on the tracks " Victory " and " It's All About the Benjamins ", but later canceled. A few days before his death, Wallace later featured on the two songs. On March 8, 1997, Wallace attended a Soul Train Awards after-party hosted by Vibe and Qwest Records at
44310-419: Was twenty-four years old. An autopsy report, released fifteen years after his death, revealed that only the final shot proved fatal. The bullet entered through his right hip , damaging his colon , liver , heart , and left lung before coming to rest in his left shoulder. Wallace's funeral was held at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel in Manhattan on March 18. There were more than 350 mourners at
44521-414: Was two years old. Combs has a sister, Keisha, and grew up in poverty. Combs was raised Catholic and served as an altar boy . He graduated from Mount Saint Michael Academy , an all-boys Catholic school, in 1987. He played football for the academy, and his team won a division title in 1986. Combs said he was given the nickname "Puff" as a child, because he would "huff and puff" when he was angry. Combs
#224775